Improving the delivery of brief alcohol advice in primary care: views from both sides of the consultation table

By Amy Oโ€™Donnell, Newcastle University, UK

Levels of drinking have fallen recently in some parts of Europe, particularly amongst young people. However, excessive alcohol consumption remains a major risk factor for poor health and early death. Providing simple brief advice to those identified as heavy drinkers can help reduce the amount of alcohol people consume, especially when delivered by primary care clinicians such as general practitioners (GPs) or nurses. Alcohol brief advice involves a short, evidence-based, structured conversation that aims to motivate and support a patient to consider a change in their drinking behaviour to reduce their risk of harm. We still havenโ€™t fully identified the key ingredients of these conversations, but providing personalised feedback on a patientโ€™s alcohol consumption, and encouraging them to self-monitor their drinking, seem to be particularly effective parts of the package.

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์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ธฐ

By Dr Federica Picariello & Professor Rona Moss-Morris,ย Kingโ€™s College London, the UK.

COVID-19 ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์•ˆ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•จ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™” (์ฆ‰, ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘๊ธฐ, ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด COVID-19์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Šฆ์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ์™ธ์—๋„ COVID-19๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ์ , ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์•ˆ๋…•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰๋™์„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€?

Dominika Kwasnick

SWPS University, Poland and University of Melbourne, Australia

๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ํฐ ์˜๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์งธ์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์œ ์ง€โˆ™๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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ํƒ€์กฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ! ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์˜ ์ด์ 

Thomas L. Webb

์…ฐํ•„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ(Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield), ์˜๊ตญ

์„คํƒ• ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด์ค‘์„ 10kg ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง„์ฒ™์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ โ€œํƒ€์กฐโ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํƒ€์กฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์— ๋ฌป์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ โ€˜ํƒ€์กฐ ๋ฌธ์ œโ€™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ (์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด: ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณ„์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ์Œ์‹์˜ ํฌ์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ์˜์–‘ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™œ๋™) ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ, ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ถ”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋” ๋†’๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„คํƒ•์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์กฐ์น˜(์ค‘์žฌ)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ์น˜(์ค‘์žฌ)์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ (๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค)์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ€์กฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ย  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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COVID-19 ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ˜œ

Shane Timmons

๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(Economic and Social Research Institute), ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ €์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”(์˜ˆ. ์™ธ์ถœ์ž์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์† ์ž์ฃผ ์”ป๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ)๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ธ”๋ฆฐ ์†Œ์žฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ€์„œ์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ถ€์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ COVID-19 ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ผ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 100 ์—ฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰์œ„, ์ฆ‰ ์† ์œ„์ƒ, ์–ผ๊ตด ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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The importance of assessing clientsโ€™ coping strategies



By Nadia Garnefski and Vivian Kraaij, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands

โ€œRob has just heard that he has HIV (negative event). He thinks that he is the one to blame for this (self-blame) and he avoids seeing his friends (withdrawal). The situation makes him sad. When sitting at home, he cannot stop thinking about his feelings (rumination) and believes that what has happened to him is a complete disaster (catastrophizing). Because he feels sad, he has little energy. As a result, he withdraws even more. This makes him even sadder. In this way, Rob is drawn into a downward spiral.โ€

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ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐํ™•์ธ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Peter Harris and Ian Hadden, The Self-Affirmation Research Group,

์„œ์„น์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ(School of Psychology, University of Sussex), ์˜๊ตญ

์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌด์‹œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊บผ๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝค ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ ๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ โ€œ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐโ€

Winifred Gebhardt, ๋ ˆ์ด๋˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Leiden University), ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ

์•ฝ 9 ๋…„ ์ „ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์•„์นจ์— ์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์€ โ€œํ•œ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋™์น˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐโ€ฆโ€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋””๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฒผ๋ฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ œ ๋‡Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฝ‚ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ย ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ์„  ์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹๋‹จ์„ ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰๋™์€ โ€œ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(person I am)โ€๊ณผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  7km๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ์ž์‹ ์„ “์Šคํฌํ‹ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ”์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์•  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ โ€œ์Šคํฌํ‹ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(sporty person)โ€์ด ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ฎ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ž์‹ ์„ โ€œํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(active person)โ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ย  (more…)

๋‹จ์ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (N-of-1 studies)

: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?

Marie Johnston and Derek Johnston, ์• ๋ฒ„๋”˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(University of Aberdeen), ์Šค์ฝ”ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ

์˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํŒ€, ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์› ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์‹์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€, ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ฐ„์‹์„ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ„์‹ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋” ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒยท๋ณด๊ฑด ํŒ€์›๋“ค์ด ์† ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋žต ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์› ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘๋™ ํ˜น์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋” ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ์˜ ํก์—ฐ ๊ธˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํก์—ฐ์œจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ถˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” (์ฆ‰, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”) ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋ง๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง„ ๋งŒํผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(N-of-1 studies)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹น๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹จ์ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ(ํ˜„์ƒ)๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€(๊ด€์ฐฐ)ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ค‘์žฌ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ย ย .

์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด, ๋‹จ์ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹จ์ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์˜ˆ: methods for assessing dynamic change).

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๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™: ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?

Anne Tiedemann, ย ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต (University of Sydney), ํ˜ธ

“ํ™œ๋™ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,

์šด๋™๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‚จ๋‹ค”

ํ”Œ๋ผํ† , 400 BC.

์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์Šต๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์•ˆ๋…•์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„๋™๊ณผ ์ Š์€์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ65 ์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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