Automaticity, Behavioural theory, E-health, Habit, Motivation

Linking the Elephant to the Rider: The Role of Motivation

By António Labisa Palmeira, CIDEFES – Universidade Lusófona, Portugal; ISBNPA Executive Director

Long-term motivation for health-related behaviors can come from different sources. Behavioral scientists are still trying to work out how these sources fit together. For example, I go running nearly every day and have done so for 30+ years. How and why have I maintained this pattern? Daniel Kahnemann would suggest that dual motivational systems are at play: a system 1 that deals with instincts and emotions, and a system 2 that is deliberative and conscious. He might argue that system 2 prompts me to run because I am aware of the health benefits of exercise. On the other hand, Ed Deci might suggest that I am intrinsically motivated to run and do it because it aligns with my values and self and because I enjoy it.

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E-health, Interventions

Your intervention, your way! Short appraisal interventions

by Katarzyna Cantarero, SWPS University, Poland

Subjective well-being is a function of what we were born with, situations that pop up in our lives and (luckily!) what we intentionally do. Many researchers have examined what can effectively boost our psychological functioning. Short appraisal (or affirmation) interventions can be one helpful tool in enhancing positive outcomes for people.

Research shows that short writing tasks (e.g., gratitude lists or letters) can enhance psychological well-being. In a large multi-lab study, researchers from 87 countries indicated that simple reappraisal interventions (i.e., changing how one feels about a situation or focusing on positive aspects of a situation) boosted positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appraising an event that is potentially stressful can be helpful in drawing benefits from it. During these appraisal tasks, individuals come up with arguments about the positive side of situations they find themselves in. 

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E-health, Mental Health

Carrying counseling outside the clinic: The promising potential of mobile technology

Egon Dejonckheere & Peter Kuppens, KU Leuven, Belgium.

Many forms of counseling and psychotherapy still predominantly take place within the therapy room. Yet, once patients leave the therapy room, they sometimes struggle to face their challenges, seize opportunities to get better, and implement what they learned in session. Evidence shows that therapeutic practice can greatly benefit from having direct access to information about what takes place in people’s daily lives. Such information can identify ways to intervene, and effectively close the gap between counseling sessions and real life. 

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Assessment, Communication, Coping, Illness representation

Helping patients manage their condition: Illness representations matter

By Yael Benyamini, Tel Aviv University, Israel and Evangelos C. Karademas, University of Crete, Greece

Anna and Mary are both healthy 45-year-old women, living in a large European city. Each of them knows several people who have contracted COVID-19 and constantly hears and reads about it. Anna believes it is a very serious disease, and is very concerned that if she contracts it, even though she believes that given her age she will recover, she will probably suffer from long-term bothersome symptoms. She works from home as much as possible, never walks outside without a mask, and is waiting for the next dose of vaccination.

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Coping, Social Support, Stress

How new insights into stress can help calm the worried mind

Bart Verkuil, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands and PEP Group, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.

“What if I get infected and end up in the hospital?” “What if I can’t pay my bills in a few months?” “What effect will this lockdown have on my children’s the health?”

The threat of the coronavirus is having a huge impact on most of our lives. To determine what measures need to be taken and to estimate what risks we are facing, scientists use statistical models to gain insight into the spread of the virus. This surely helps to gain some control over this pandemic. Interestingly, we as individual human beings are continuously acting like these scientists, but in a more automatic manner; our human minds can be thought of as ‘prediction machines’, constantly estimating whether we are currently at risk of getting infected, losing our jobs or being criticized. Yet, there are large differences in how people estimate these risks and for some people these estimations spiral down to intense worries.

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Patient engagement

If medicine is a team game, patients should play too: a psychological perspective on patient engagement

 

By G. Graffigna, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy

Healthcare professionals along the whole care journey must collaborate and coordinate their efforts for healthcare systems to function effectively. In other words, medicine requires teamwork to be successful. If we agree on this principle, then –adopting a sports metaphor –the patient too should be considered a player in the team!

The concept of patient engagement recognizes this, and it is an important ingredient for enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of healthcare.

What is patient engagement?

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Communication, Incentives, Motivational interviewing, Social Support

How to support patients to lose weight and better manage their type 2 diabetes

By Leah Avery, Teesside University, UK.

Type 2 diabetes was previously considered a progressive condition, with an inevitable need for insulin therapy, however lifestyle behavioural change research challenges this pessimistic prognosis. As prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase, so does evidence supporting the important role of the food and changing what we eat to successfully manage the condition.

Dietary approaches can largely be divided into two. Those that focus on what we eat (e.g., carbohydrates) to optimise metabolism and glycaemic control via slow and steady weight loss. Others that focus on the amount eaten, such as the low-calorie diet involving significant energy restriction for rapid weight loss.

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Communication, Goal setting

실무자들에게 건강한 대화 기술 가르치기

By Wendy Lawrence, University of Southampton

오늘날 사회에서 사망 및 질병의 주요 원인들은 우리가 선택하는 생활 방식에 영향을 받습니다.  또한, 건강행동을 개선하려는 방법에 대한 관심도 증가하고 있습니다. 일선 실무자들, 특히 보건, 사회 및 지역 사회 돌봄 역할을 담당하는 사람들은, 행동 변화를 지원하는 핵심 자원입니다. 일상적인 면담 약속은 매주 행동 변화에 대한 대화를 시작할 기회를 제공하지만, 많은 실무자들은 행동변화를 유도하기 위한 면담(지원)을 제공하는데 필요한 지식과 기술이 부족하다고 느낍니다. 이런 감정은 흡연, 체중 감소 또는 음주와 같이 잠재적으로 민감한 주제에 대해 클라이언트나 환자와 대화하기 위한 실무자의 자신감을 감소시킬 수 있습니다.

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Automaticity, Habit, Self-efficacy

To eat or not to eat, that is the question: How can health psychology practitioners help people manage food safety?

By Barbara Mullan, Curtin University, Australia

Extent of the problem

Every year, one in 10 people worldwide (approximately 600 million people) become ill after eating contaminated food, and as many as 420,000 people die. There are vast geographical differences in where these instances occur, with African, South-East Asian, and Eastern Mediterranean regions bearing the highest burden of foodborne disease (further detail about the foodborne disease burden by region can be found here). In addition to these geographical differences, there are also vast differences in the types of agents that are responsible for foodborne disease (e.g., viruses, bacteria, parasites).

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Financial Incentives, Smoking cessation

임산부 금연 지원: 영국의 모범 실천 사례 공유

By Felix Naughton, University of East Anglia, UK

여성 흡연자의 25 ~ 50 %는 자신이 임신했음을 발견한 후 금연합니다. 그러나 나머지 여성들은 임신 기간 동안 계속 담배를 피웁니다. 왜 그럴까요?

 

그들은 임신 중 흡연이 해롭다는 사실을 모를까요? 아닙니다. 그들 대부분은 알고 있습니다. 금연 동기가 있고, 없는 두 부류의 임산부를 대상으로 한 영국의 한 연구에 따르면, 연구 참여자 중 99 %가 ‘임신 중 흡연은 아기에게 심각한 해를 끼칠 수 있다’는 말에 동의했으며, 약 75 %는 이 말에 상당히 또는 아주 동의한 것으로 나타났습니다. 그런데도 참여자 중 10 % 미만은 12 주 후에야 흡연을 자제했습니다. 금연을 시도할 가능성이 더 높은 집단은 임신 중 흡연이 ‘해를 끼친다는 생각’이 강한 사람들이기는 했지만, 그런 신념이 금연 성공의 가능성을 높이지는 않는 것으로 보입니다.

요약: 임신 중 흡연의 위험에 대한 믿음은 그저 미미한 역할을 합니다.

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