{"id":1849,"date":"2020-12-15T09:43:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T09:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1849"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:13:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:13:40","slug":"helping-pregnant-women-quit-smoking-sharing-best-practice-from-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/zh\/2020\/12\/helping-pregnant-women-quit-smoking-sharing-best-practice-from-the-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b55\u5987\u6212\u70df:\u5206\u4eab\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5b89\u683c\u5229\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u8bfa\u987f\uff08Felix Naughton\uff09\u64b0\u7a3f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25\u201350%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5438\u70df\u8005\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u6000\u5b55\u540e\u6212\u70df\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\u4ecd\u5728\u5438\u70df\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u96be\u9053\u5979\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\u5438\u70df\u6709\u5bb3\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22311960\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">99%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7684\u5b55\u5987\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u60f3\u8981\u6212\u70df\u548c\u4e0d\u60f3\u6212\u70df\u7684\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u540c\u610f\u201c\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\u5438\u70df\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b9d\u5b9d\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ea6<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">75%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7684\u5b55\u5987\u975e\u5e38\u6216\u6781\u5ea6\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7684\u4eba\u6212\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6301\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u201c\u4f24\u5bb3\u4fe1\u5ff5\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5695489\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6212\u70df\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u66f4\u5927<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u4f46<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5896485\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\u5438\u70df\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4ec5\u8d77\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u96be\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u6212\u70df\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u6000\u5b55\u521d\u671f\uff0c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5695489\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u768430\u5929\u5185\u6212\u70df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6212\u70df\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b55\u671f\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u6212\u70df\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5448\u73b0\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u52a8\u529b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5896485\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u6212\u70df\u6210\u529f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21752135\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u975e\u5b55\u5987\u5438\u70df\u8005\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u52a8\u673a\u8bbf\u8c08\u5e72\u9884\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u589e\u5f3a\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u7684<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2947553\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u540e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5b55\u671f\u6212\u70df\u5e76\u4e0d\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u603b\u7ed3:\u52a8\u673a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6212\u70df\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u9760\u52a8\u673a\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u6212\u6389\u70df\u763e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u96be\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u6212\u70df\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u3002<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31570944\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b55\u5987\u5728\u5b55\u521d\u671f\u5e0c\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u5e2e\u52a9\u6765\u6212\u70df\u3002\u4e0e\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u5b55\u540e\u671f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea6\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u5979\u4eec\u5728\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u6212\u70df\u652f\u6301\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8868\u793a\u5979\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u5728\u5b55\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u5bb6\u8c08\u8bba\u6212\u70df\u4e0e\u5bfb\u6c42\u652f\u6301\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u4e0e\u5b55\u5987\u8c08\u8bba\u6212\u70df\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5979\u5bf9\u6212\u70df\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5979\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u96be\u9053\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b55\u5987\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5438\u70df\u548c\u6212\u70df\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u673a\u8bbf\u8c08\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001055.pub5\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8fd8\u662f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18339103\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u81ea\u52a9\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5370\u5237\u8d44\u6599\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29912621\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6570\u5b57\u8d44\u6599\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b55\u5987\u6212\u70df\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5ea6\u6216\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u4f9d\u8d56\u5987\u5973\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u66ff\u4ee3\u7597\u6cd5\uff08NRT\uff09<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010078.pub3\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bc1\u636e\u8fd8\u5f88\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u88ab\u8bd5\u5bf9NRT\u7684\u4f9d\u4ece\u6027\u5dee\u3002\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b55\u5987\u5b58\u5728\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u5987\u5973\u548c\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u7684<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32621526\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7efc\u8ff0<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5728\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528NRT\u6709\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5b55\u5987\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u5438\u70df\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528NRT\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8f83\u5c11\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u589e\u52a0\uff0c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11961061\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5b55\u5987\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u5206\u89e3\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u672a\u6000\u5b55\u65f6\u7684\u4e24\u500d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b55\u5987\u5c06\u6bd4\u5e73\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684NRT\u53bb\u7f13\u89e3\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u6212\u65ad\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk\/hta\/hta21360#\/abstract\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5b55\u5987\u4eec\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u5374\u901a\u5e38\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u5e73\u65f6\u66f4\u5c11\u7684NRT<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u7ed9\u836f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u70df\uff0c\u5728\u5b55\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u5728\u975e\u5b55\u671f\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u70df\u8349\u8981\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b55\u5987\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u4eec\u6212\u70df\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f<\/span><a 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