{"id":3183,"date":"2024-05-24T11:08:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T11:08:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=3183"},"modified":"2025-11-04T09:13:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T09:13:24","slug":"understanding-what-influences-organ-donation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/2024\/05\/understanding-what-influences-organ-donation\/","title":{"rendered":"Organ Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Lee Shepherd, Northumbria \u00dcniversitesi, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Profes\u00f6r Ronan E. O\u2019Carroll, Stirling \u00dcniversitesi, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k &amp; Profes\u00f6r Eamonn Ferguson, Nottingham \u00dcniversitesi, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6l\u00fc organ naklinin insanlar i\u00e7in bir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.organdonation.nhs.uk\/helping-you-to-decide\/personal-stories\/how-organ-donors-change-lives\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can simidi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok hikaye vard\u0131r. Her bir \u00f6l\u00fc organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.organdonation.nhs.uk\/get-involved\/news\/don-t-ditch-the-new-year-resolution-switch-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dokuz ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ancak nakil i\u00e7in yeterli organ bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131tl\u0131k, uzun bekleme listelerine ve insanlar\u0131n organ alamadan \u00f6lmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, birinin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde organlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rleri anlamam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>Onay Yasalar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her \u00fclke organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 onay yasalar\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Opt-in onay\u0131<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Opt-in (dahil olma) onay\u0131yla, ki\u015filerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 desteklemedi\u011fi varsay\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar organlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde nakledilmesini istediklerini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mek (kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rmak) zorundad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Opt-out onay\u0131<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Opt-out onay\u0131yla, ki\u015filer \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra organlar\u0131n\u0131n nakledilmemesini istiyorlarsa aksiyona ge\u00e7mek zorundad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olmamak i\u00e7in kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rabilir veya ailelerine bu isteklerini bildirebilirler. Baz\u0131 opt-out sistemlerinde, ki\u015filere aktif olarak organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t olmak i\u00e7in se\u00e7enek de sunulur. \u0130steklerini \u201cba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 de\u011fil\u201d olarak belirtmemi\u015f olanlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 destekledikleri varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Esnek opt-out sistemlerinde aile \u00fcyelerine organ nakli yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onaylay\u0131p onaylamad\u0131klar\u0131 sorulur. Kat\u0131 opt-out sistemlerinde ailenin izni olmadan nakil ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-014-0131-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> da dahil olmak \u00fczere, opt-out sistemlerinde ba\u011f\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131n\u0131n opt-in sistemlerinden daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Ancak, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2019.01.036\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar bulmu\u015ftur<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Opt-out onay sistemlerinde hala <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edqm.eu\/en\/newsletter-transplant\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">organ bekleme listeleri<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca canl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131 da <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-014-0131-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">opt-out sistemlerinde opt-in sistemlerinden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Opt-out sistemlerinde insanlar <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7774-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">devletin organlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etti\u011fini<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hissedebilirler. Bu, opt-out onay\u0131 yasas\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na organ k\u0131tl\u0131k sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmeyece\u011fine i\u015faret eder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Ailenin Rol\u00fc<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6l\u00fcn\u00fcn organlar\u0131n\u0131n nakledilip edilmeyece\u011fi genellikle aile \u00fcyelerine sorulur. Bu, esnek opt-out sistemlerinde \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6l\u00fcn\u00fcn kay\u0131tl\u0131 istekleri, aile \u00fcyelerinin <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953622008516\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nakli destekleyip desteklememe<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> konusunda karar vermelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ancak e\u011fer \u00f6len ki\u015fi isteklerini kaydetmemi\u015f veya ailesiyle tart\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015fsa, ailelerin bu konuda karar vermesi \u00e7ok zor olabilir. Aile \u00fcyeleri, opt-out onay\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6len ki\u015fi aktif olarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak kaydolmu\u015fsa, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/9\/4\/e025159\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kay\u0131t yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 duruma k\u0131yasla onay vermeye daha yatk\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130nsanlar\u0131 bir karar kaydetmeye te\u015fvik etmek, aile \u00fcyelerine isteklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, potansiyel ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Kay\u0131t yapma karar\u0131n\u0131 yordayan fakt\u00f6rler<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rma karar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r. Demografi kay\u0131t kararlar\u0131n\u0131 yordayan \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.odt.nhs.uk\/statistics-and-reports\/annual-report-on-ethnicity-differences\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">opt-in yapma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 opt-out yapma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar temelde bu konuyu daha iyi anlamaya odakl\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal fakt\u00f6rler de kay\u0131t yapmay\u0131 etkiler. Asl\u0131nda <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-65163-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8216;yaln\u0131z kurt etkisi&#8217;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n opt-out yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra onlar\u0131n da opt-out yapma ihtimallerinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Kay\u0131t yapmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren fakt\u00f6rlerden biri de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1359105308090936\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik duygusal inan\u00e7lard\u0131r<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u0130nsanlar <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13591053231208531\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ba\u011f\u0131\u015fa dair i\u011frenme duygusu (ick) hisseder ve v\u00fccudun b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inand\u0131klar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t olma ihtimalleri \u00e7ok azal\u0131r.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma ayr\u0131ca, insanlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 olumlu g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde (\u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n hayat kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme; alg\u0131lanan faydalar), kay\u0131tl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 durumlarda insanlar\u0131n bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14792772143000003\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">istekli olmalar\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ek davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aras\u0131nda bir bo\u015fluk olabilir. Bu nedenle, insanlar opt-in yapmak isteyebilirler ancak bu karar\u0131 kaydetmekte ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olabilirler. Organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik duygusal inan\u00e7lar\u0131n daha olumlu hale getirilmesi, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapmaya istekli olan insanlar\u0131n harekete ge\u00e7mesini ve organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kaydolmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bili\u015fsel yeniden de\u011ferlendirme, insanlar\u0131n duygular\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir konuyu daha olumlu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Yak\u0131n zamanda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda karar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmemi\u015f olan insanlara ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n faydalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek bili\u015fsel olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirmelerini istedik (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n hayat kurtarmas\u0131, sevdiklerinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne anlam getirmesi). Bu bili\u015fsel yeniden de\u011ferlendirmenin, insanlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t olma isteklerini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131k. Kay\u0131t olma iste\u011finin daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n sonradan opt-in yapma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Pratik \u00f6neriler<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Kanunlar- <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opt-out onay\u0131n\u0131n organ nakli oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in etkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kan\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Opt-out yasas\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerde hala organ nakli bekleme listeleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle opt-out onay\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 eksikli\u011fi sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u00d6l\u00fcn\u00fcn isteklerinin ya\u015farken kaydedilmesi-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Aile \u00fcyeleri, \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn kay\u0131tl\u0131 isteklerinden etkilenirler. Bu nedenle aile \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn isteklerini net bir \u015fekilde bilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler, hem ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olmak isteyenlerin (opt-in) hem de istemeyenlerin (opt-out) kay\u0131t yapmalar\u0131na izin verir. Bu, \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn organlar\u0131n\u0131n nakledilip nakledilmeyece\u011fine karar vermesi gereken aile \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn isteklerini netle\u015ftirir ve b\u00f6ylece onlar\u0131n karar vermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Duygular-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Duygular, ki\u015filerin organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t olup olmayacaklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirir. Organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili negatif duygusal inan\u00e7lara sahip olan ki\u015filerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t olma ihtimalleri azal\u0131r. Ki\u015filer organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili pozitif duygusal inan\u00e7lara sahip olduklar\u0131nda kay\u0131t olma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 artar. Karar kaydetmemi\u015f olan insanlar\u0131 organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n faydalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye te\u015fvik etmek onlar\u0131n organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t olma isteklerini art\u0131rabilir. Bu, organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz gerekebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n faydalar\u0131na odaklanmak (\u00f6rne\u011fin; ba\u011f\u0131\u015f hayat kurtar\u0131r, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f sevilen birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne anlam getirir), ki\u015fileri organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t olmaya te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[translated by Selen Ozbek, MSc, National Editor]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr Lee Shepherd, Northumbria University, UK and Professor Ronan E. O\u2019Carroll, University of Stirling, UK and Professor Eamonn Ferguson, University of Nottingham, UK There are numerous stories of how deceased organ transplantation has offered a lifeline for people. Indeed, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3183"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4541,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183\/revisions\/4541"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}