{"id":2775,"date":"2023-03-22T10:29:02","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T10:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2775"},"modified":"2025-11-04T13:57:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T13:57:02","slug":"effective-risk-communication-is-about-more-than-behaviour-change-lets-talk-about-personal-risk-appraisals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/2023\/03\/effective-risk-communication-is-about-more-than-behaviour-change-lets-talk-about-personal-risk-appraisals\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Etkili risk ileti\u015fimi, davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiminden daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r: Ki\u015fisel risk de\u011ferlendirmeleri<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Victoria Woof ve David French, Manchester Sa\u011fl\u0131k Psikolojisi Merkezi, Manchester \u00dcniversitesi, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne t\u0131pta ve sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisinde sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyonelleri, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla hastalara ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f hastal\u0131k risklerinden bahsederler. Risk ileti\u015fiminin sa\u011fl\u0131k davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, potansiyel olarak hastal\u0131k geli\u015fimini azaltabilir ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131 tedavi edilebilir bir a\u015famadayken te\u015fhis edilebilir hale getirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131k riskinden bahsederek bu riski azaltmak i\u00e7in fiziksel egzersiz ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenme te\u015fvik edilebilir. Ancak hastal\u0131k riski hakk\u0131nda bilgi verirken dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ba\u015fka ama\u00e7lar ve sonu\u00e7lar da vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyonellerinin ve hastalar\u0131n, veya toplumun hedefleri her zaman uyumlu olmayabilir. Bilin\u00e7li se\u00e7imleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak, <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/article-abstract\/2766214\">uygun duygusal tepkiler vermek <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/article-abstract\/2766214\">ve <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/article-abstract\/2766214\">davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fimini motive etmek <\/a>i\u00e7in risk ileti\u015fiminin birka\u00e7 ilgili hedefi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mevcut risk ileti\u015fimi uygulamalar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Say\u0131sal bilgilerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve risk ileti\u015fimini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, g\u00f6rsel temsiller, \u00f6rne\u011fin insan ikonlar\u0131 (risk alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden simgeler) gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli yakla\u015f\u0131mlar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak ki\u015filer say\u0131sal rakamlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamada zorluklar ya\u015famaya devam etmektedir. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article\/51\/5\/718\/4648590?login=true\">\u00d6zellikle bu t\u00fcr risk bilgilendirmelerinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00fczerinde herhangi b\u00fcy\u00fck veya uzun s\u00fcreli etkisi olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/a> Bu etkinin yetersizli\u011fine dair olas\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama, ki\u015filerin duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca say\u0131sal risk bilgileri yoluyla de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin, <u>\u00f6z-yeterlilik ve ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya dair inan\u00e7lar\u0131n (bireyin bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme kapasitesine ne kadar sahip oldu\u011funa ne kadar inand\u0131\u011f\u0131) olumlu etkilerine k\u0131yasla daha zay\u0131f m\u00fcdahale olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, daha \u00f6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi, risk ileti\u015fiminin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ba\u015fka ama\u00e7lar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Kanser riski literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde, bireylerin risk tahminlerini anlad\u0131klar\u0131 ve hat\u0131rlayabildikleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6919334\/\">Ancak <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6919334\/\">bu <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6919334\/\">ki\u015filer, <\/a>\u00a0net<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6919334\/\"> a\u00e7\u0131klamalara ra\u011fmen <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6919334\/\">risk tahmininin alg\u0131lanan riski yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131na her zaman inanmazlar <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6919334\/\">ve \u00e7o\u011funluk risklerini oldu\u011fundan fazla alg\u0131larlar. <\/a>Burada bireylerin say\u0131sal bir klinik tahmin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmeyen risk alg\u0131lar\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Peki bunun sebebi ne olabilir?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Risk ileti\u015fimi ve ki\u015fisel risk de\u011ferlendirmeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ailedeki hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle ilgili ki\u015fisel deneyimler, ki\u015fisel beklentiler ile klinik tahminler aras\u0131ndaki uyum ve sebeplere dair ki\u015fisel fikirler, \u00f6zellikle klinik meme kanseri risk tahmininin nas\u0131l alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u00e7selle\u015ftirildi\u011fi \u00fczerinde bir etkiye sahiptir. <a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">Klinik bir risk tahmininin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">duygusal sonu\u00e7lar \u00fczerinde etkisi \u00e7ok az olsa da <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">\u00f6nceden var olan duygular\u00a0 <\/a>(<a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">risk iletilmeden \u00f6nceki de\u011ferlendirilmeye g\u00f6re), <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">risk tahminlerinin <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">nas\u0131l <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">bunlara nas\u0131l tepki verildi\u011finin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">bir g\u00f6stergesidir. <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">\u00a0<\/a>Bu t\u00fcr sorunlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lan risk ileti\u015fimi teknikleri bilin\u00e7li kararlar\u0131 ve do\u011fru risk de\u011ferlendirmelerini desteklemekte \u00e7ok yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41416-022-01944-x\">Niteliksel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sistematik bir incelemesinde, <\/a>ailesinde meme kanseri olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nleyici davran\u0131\u015flara kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ciddiyetinin \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131k. Meme kanseri di\u011fer hastal\u0131klara g\u00f6re ana \u00f6ncelik de\u011filse, ailedeki di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar daha endi\u015fe verici oldu\u011fundan \u00f6nleyici davran\u0131\u015flar ihmal edilebilir. Benzer \u015fekilde, \u00f6nceki risk beklentileri bir klinik risk tahminiyle uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kad\u0131nlar \u015f\u00fcphe ve \u015fokla tepki verebilir ve tahmine olan g\u00fcven azalabilir. Klinik tahmin \u00f6nceden var olan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere ve beklentilere uymuyorsa, beslenme veya \u00f6nleyici ila\u00e7 al\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen de\u011fi\u015fikliklere g\u00f6re hareket edilmeyebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Risk ileti\u015fimine daha ki\u015fisel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir hastal\u0131k riski tahmini alanlar, bu bilgilerin pasif al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu ki\u015filer, kendi risklerine ili\u015fkin bilgileri anlamland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sosyal ba\u011flamlar\u0131n\u0131, ki\u015fisel \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, de\u011ferlerini ve deneyimlerini kullan\u0131rlar ve bu, ileti\u015fimcinin amac\u0131 veya sa\u011flanan say\u0131sal risk ile her zaman \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Hedefler ve bilginin birle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in say\u0131sal tahminden daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan, hastal\u0131k riski ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filerle a\u00e7\u0131k bir diyalog kurmak fayda sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Etkili risk ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyonellerinin bireylerin belirli bir hastal\u0131k riski hakk\u0131nda halihaz\u0131rda sahip olduklar\u0131 bilgi ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 bilmesi gerekir. B\u00f6ylece profesyoneller kendilerine ve al\u0131c\u0131ya ortak bilgileri tart\u0131\u015fma ve hedeflerini uyumlu hale getirmek i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015f alg\u0131lamalar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve bireysel duruma uygun geri bildirim sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in daha fazla zaman harcanmas\u0131, ki\u015filerin riskleri hakk\u0131nda nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini geli\u015ftirecek ve sa\u011fl\u0131k davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, her iki taraf\u0131n da ortak bilgilendirilmi\u015f karar verme konusundaki g\u00fcvenini art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pratik \u00f6neriler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Risk ileti\u015fiminizin hedefleri neler \u2013 <\/strong>bir hastal\u0131k riskini payla\u015fmadan \u00f6nce neyi ba\u015farmay\u0131 hedefledi\u011finizi belirlemeniz \u00f6nemlidir (\u00f6rne\u011fin davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, bilin\u00e7li se\u00e7imler). Hedefler belirlendikten sonra profesyoneller al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hedeflerini de dikkate almal\u0131 ve ortak bir paydada bulu\u015fmak i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u015fiyle bir diyalog a\u00e7\u0131n \u2013 <\/strong>risklerini nas\u0131l g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini ve bilin\u00e7li se\u00e7imler yapmak i\u00e7in gerekli bilgiye sahip olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve se\u00e7imlerinde onlara yol g\u00f6stermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in al\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini iletebilece\u011fi bir alan sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yanl\u0131\u015f anlamalar\u0131 sayg\u0131yla sorgulay\u0131n \u2013 <\/strong>yanl\u0131\u015f fikirleri tart\u0131\u015fmak ve bilgi bo\u015fluklar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in ki\u015fiyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n. Bu, ileti\u015fimin amac\u0131 buysa daha bilin\u00e7li kararlar\u0131n temellerini olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130leti\u015fiminizi uyarlay\u0131n \u2013 <\/strong>ki\u015finin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek anlaml\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya girmek i\u00e7in bilgi aktarman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin. Bu, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0272989X08327066\">k\u0131sa veya &#8216;\u00f6z&#8217; bilgiler sa\u011flayarak <\/a>ba\u015flayan, sonras\u0131nda talep edildi\u011finde detaylarla geni\u015fletilebilen bilgileri \u00fczerine koyarak yap\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[Translated by Selen Ozbek, MSc, National Editor]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Victoria Woof and David French, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK Traditionally in medicine and health psychology, healthcare professionals have provided patients with their personalised disease risks with the aim of preventing disease. Where risk communication [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2775"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4550,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2775\/revisions\/4550"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}