{"id":2243,"date":"2021-07-14T14:02:35","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T14:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2243"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:10:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:10:04","slug":"if-medicine-is-a-team-game-patients-should-play-too-a-psychological-perspective-on-patient-engagement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/2021\/07\/if-medicine-is-a-team-game-patients-should-play-too-a-psychological-perspective-on-patient-engagement\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u011fer t\u0131p bir tak\u0131m oyunuysa, hastalar da oyunun i\u00e7inde yer almal\u0131: Hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na psikolojik bir bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By G. Graffigna, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 t\u00fcm tedavi s\u00fcreci boyunca i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminin etkili bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle t\u0131pta ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in ekip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu prensipte anla\u015ft\u0131ysak, hasta da -bir spor metaforuyla anlatmak gerekirse- tak\u0131m\u0131n bir oyuncusu olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmedir.<\/p>\n<p>Hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bunu benimser ve bu, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin etkinli\u011fini ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fendir.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>Hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 nedir?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/252269\">Hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/a>, ki\u015fileri yaln\u0131zca \u201cbak\u0131m alanlar\u201ddan fazlas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve onlar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin planlanmas\u0131 ve sunulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir oyuncu olarak de\u011ferlendirir. Bu, ki\u015filerin kendi bak\u0131mlar\u0131yla alakal\u0131 konular\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve aktif \u015fekilde dahil olduklar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, ki\u015filerin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler hakk\u0131nda karar vermelerini, planlar tasarlay\u0131p uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131, hizmet planlama, geli\u015ftirme, sunma ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7melerini kapsar. Hastalar\u0131n psikolojik tutumlar\u0131, motivasyonlar\u0131, duygular\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleriyle ilgilenmeye haz\u0131r olmalar\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda grubumuz hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in bir psiko-sosyal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 olan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6056150\/\">Hastan\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa Kat\u0131l\u0131m Modelini<\/a> \u00f6nermi\u015f ve bilimsel olarak do\u011frulu\u011funu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 bu \u00f6zg\u00fcn psikolojik teori, hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hastalar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Hastan\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa Kat\u0131l\u0131m Modeli, hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kronik bir hastal\u0131kla ya\u015f\u0131yor olsalar bile ki\u015filerin ki\u015fisel projelerini ve amaca y\u00f6nelik davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanabilecekleri dinamik ve geli\u015fen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>Model, hastalar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemine y\u00f6nelik tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 pasif al\u0131c\u0131dan sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 konumuna getirme konusundaki ki\u015fisel tercihini vurgular. Ki\u015fisel rol kimliklerindeki bu de\u011fi\u015fim, hastalar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine adaptasyonunun ve direncinin dinamik geli\u015fiminin bir i\u015flevidir. Tam hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, hastan\u0131n rol\u00fcne farkl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir dizi duygusal ve motivasyonel \u00e7aba ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu, hastan\u0131n tedaviye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi, \u00f6zy\u00f6netimi, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki ve hayat tarz\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ba\u015far\u0131yla devam ettirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Hastan\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa Kat\u0131l\u0131m Modeli 4 a\u015famadan olu\u015fur ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 hastan\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 her a\u015famada destekleyebilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u015fama: <em>Bayg\u0131nl\u0131k.<\/em> Bu a\u015famada hastalar, kritik olaylar \u2013genellikle bir hastal\u0131k tan\u0131s\u0131 konulmas\u0131- ile ilgili olarak psikolojik hassasiyet hissederler. Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, hastalara yeni sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in duygusal destek sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu a\u015famada onlara hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili kontrol duygusu geli\u015ftirmelerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya odaklan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, hastalar eylemlerinin etkili sa\u011fl\u0131k y\u00f6netimini beraberinde getirece\u011fini hissetmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde desteklenebilirler.<\/li>\n<li>A\u015fama: <em>Uyar\u0131lma.<\/em> Bu a\u015famada hastalar sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131yla ilgili fark\u0131ndal\u0131k geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flasalar da onla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131yla ilgili sadece y\u00fczeysel bilgileri vard\u0131r. Hastalar\u0131n bu a\u015famada bak\u0131m\/tedavi s\u00fcrecini b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu durumda sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, hastalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli referans noktalar\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, tedaviyi b\u0131rakmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in hastalara s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini y\u00f6netmelerinde ve hastal\u0131k ile ba\u015f etmelerinde destek olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>A\u015fama: <em>Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>. Bu a\u015famaya geldiklerinde hastalar, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili kabul geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve bunla beraber ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan psikolojik problemlerin \u00fcstesinden gelmi\u015flerdir. Bu a\u015famada sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, uyumsal sa\u011fl\u0131k davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 stresli veya yeni durumlarda da devam ettirmelerini destekleyerek hastalara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler.<\/li>\n<li>A\u015fama: <em>\u00d6domanik d\u00f6nem.<\/em> Bu son a\u015famada hastalar, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve etkilerinin tamam\u0131yla fark\u0131na varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Terap\u00f6tik gereksinimler do\u011frultusunda ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131na dair al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fler ve kronik bir hastal\u0131kla ya\u015famalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen pozitif ve tatmin edici bir hayat kalitesine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bak\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar haline gelmi\u015flerdir. Bu a\u015famada hastalar, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir olarak de\u011ferlendirirler ve kendilerini de bak\u0131m\u0131n aktif bir \u00fcyesi olarak g\u00f6rmeleri i\u00e7in desteklenmelidirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in pasif yakla\u015f\u0131mdan d\u00fczenli ve etkili aktif davran\u0131\u015flara ge\u00e7i\u015f, anlam yaratma ve \u015fahsi kimlik detayland\u0131rmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bizim fikrimizce, insanlar\u0131n kendilerine dair \u00f6znel, bazen de mant\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 alg\u0131lar\u0131 ve hayat kalitelerini de\u011ferlendirirken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin temelinde yer al\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 bu i\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc, kendi sa\u011fl\u0131k ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 modelleriyle birle\u015ftirebilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Hastan\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa Kat\u0131l\u0131m Modelinin, hastalar\u0131n re\u00e7eteli ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6z-y\u00f6netimlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini yordad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5487073\/\">g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/a>. Hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in psikososyal bir bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmesi, ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine daha iyi kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcre\u00e7teki rollerini\u00a0 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye nas\u0131l karar verdikleri ile ilgili anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zetlemek gerekirse, ki\u015filerin hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve bak\u0131m s\u00fcreci \u00fczerindeki duygusal kontrol hissi hastal\u0131kla ne kadar iyi ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabileceklerinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. Bu duygular ve roller daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a hastalar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine etkin bir \u015fekilde dahil olma ihtimalleri artacakt\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, ki\u015filerin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fhisinden itibaren kendi bak\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine aktif olarak dahil olan bilgili bireyler haline gelinceye kadarki t\u00fcm a\u015famalarda \u00f6nemli role sahiptirler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pratik Tavsiyeler: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hastan\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirin<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00274\/full\">Hastan\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi<\/a>, ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f stratejileri ve m\u00fcdahaleleri te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in klinik ortamlarda ve farkl\u0131 zamanlarda kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi kurun:<\/strong> Hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fczeyleri ile uyumlu ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin hasta-doktor ileti\u015fimi, kitle ileti\u015fimi, halka a\u00e7\u0131k ileti\u015fim, sosyal pazarlama ileti\u015fimi).<\/li>\n<li><strong>A\u00e7\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc: <\/strong>T\u0131bbi ortamlar ve e\u011fitimciler, hasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na gerekli bilgi, ileti\u015fim ve becerileri i\u00e7eren medikal d\u00fczenlemeler ve e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 uygulamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hastay\u0131 heveslendirin: <\/strong>Hastalara iyi taraflar\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olun. Ki\u015fileri pozitifli\u011fi g\u00f6rebilecekleri optimist bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na te\u015fvik etmek, motivasyonu olumsuz etkileyebilecek \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc haberlerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[Translated by Melisa Erturk]<\/p>\n<p>[Edited by Turkish National Editor Selen Ozbek, MSc]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Healthcare professionals along the whole care journey must collaborate and coordinate their efforts for healthcare systems to function effectively. In other words, medicine requires teamwork to be successful. If we agree on this principle, then \u2013adopting a sports metaphor \u2013the patient too should be considered a player in the team!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-patient-engagement"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2243"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4573,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243\/revisions\/4573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}