{"id":1932,"date":"2021-01-22T11:10:15","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T11:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1932"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:12:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:12:47","slug":"to-eat-or-not-to-eat-that-is-the-question-how-can-health-psychology-practitioners-help-people-manage-food-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/2021\/01\/to-eat-or-not-to-eat-that-is-the-question-how-can-health-psychology-practitioners-help-people-manage-food-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Yemek yada yememek, i\u015fte as\u0131l soru bu: Sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisi uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131 bireylere yiyecek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flama konusunda ne \u015fekilde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler?"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Barbara Mullan, Curtin University, Australia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Problemin boyutu<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda her y\u0131l on insandan biri (yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 milyon insan) bozuk yiyecek t\u00fcketiminden dolay\u0131 hasta olmakta, 420,000 kadar insan ise s\u0131rf bu y\u00fczden hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedir.<\/a> Bu vakalar\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi yerler<\/a>, co\u011frafi a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00a0farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedirler; Afrika, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya, ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz b\u00f6lgeleri, besin kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc en \u00e7ok ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r (besin kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgiyi buradan<\/a> bulabilirsiniz). Co\u011frafi farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131nda besin kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan sorumlu olan bile\u015fenler aras\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (\u00f6rn. vir\u00fcsler, bakteriler, ve parazitler).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u2018\u2019Tarladan sofraya\u2019\u2019 yiyecek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi zincirinde bir\u00e7ok ba\u011flant\u0131 mevcuttur. Yiyecek g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ad\u0131na \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere, end\u00fcstrilere, ve restoranlara bir\u00e7ok yard\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131rken t\u00fcketicinin g\u00fcvenli yiyecek i\u015flenmesindeki pay\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Besin kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde son a\u015fama oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 t\u00fcketicinin g\u00fcvenli yiyecek i\u015flenmesindeki rol\u00fc olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Evde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u0131da zehirlenmesi oranlar\u0131 %11\u2019den %87\u2019 ye kadar geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde<\/a> de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermektedir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisi uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131 olarak bizler, evde g\u0131da zehirlenmesinden dolay\u0131 hastalanma riskini en aza indirgemek ad\u0131na t\u00fcketicilere bir\u00e7ok \u015fekilde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabiliriz.<\/p>\n

G\u0131da zehirlenmesine yol a\u00e7an durumlar olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fkendir fakat D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (WHO) besinlerin g\u00fcvenli saklanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in be\u015f ana mesaj\u0131<\/a> bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ellerinizi ve mutfak malzemeleriniz temiz tutunuz,<\/li>\n
  2. \u00c7i\u011f ve pi\u015fmi\u015f yiyecekleri ay\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z (\u00f6zellikle marketten\/al\u0131\u015fveri\u015ften d\u00f6nerken ve buzdolab\u0131nda yiyecek depolarken),<\/li>\n
  3. Yiyecekleri iyice pi\u015firiniz,<\/li>\n
  4. Yiyecekleri g\u00fcvenli s\u0131cakl\u0131kta muhafaza ediniz (s\u0131cak yiyece\u011fi s\u0131cak, so\u011fuk yiyece\u011fi ise so\u011fuk muhafaza ediniz),<\/li>\n
  5. G\u00fcvenli su ve i\u015flenmemi\u015f materyaller kullan\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u00fcketici Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Tahmin Etme<\/strong><\/p>\n

    T\u00fcketicinin rol\u00fc ile alakal\u0131 yap\u0131lan ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bilgiyi davran\u0131\u015f \u00fczerindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etki olarak varsaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bir sistematik derleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131,<\/a> bilginin yiyeceklerin g\u00fcvenli i\u015flenmesine yol a\u00e7ma konusunda \u015fart olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kan\u0131t bulmu\u015ftur. Bu di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir; davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yeterli olmasa da davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u2018nas\u0131l\u2019 ve \u2018ni\u00e7in\u2019 boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya olduk\u00e7a yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bilginin gereklili\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcketicilere g\u00fcvenli yiyecek i\u015flenmesi konusunda di\u011fer hangi etkilerin yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini daha iyi anlamak ad\u0131na ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar k\u00f6keni psikolojiye dayanan bir\u00e7ok teori kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu teoriler planlanm\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015f teorisi, motivasyon koruma teorisi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k inanc\u0131 modelini i\u00e7ermektedirler. Yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131lan bir g\u00f6zden<\/a> ge\u00e7irme <\/u>ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, niyetin, sosyal normlar\u0131n, \u00f6z-yeterlili\u011fin, ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n, t\u00fcketicinin g\u00fcvenli yiyecek i\u015flemesi konusunda \u00f6nemli etkiler aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve bu fakt\u00f6rleri i\u00e7eren m\u00fcdahalelerin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan verimli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Yiyecek hijyeni m\u00fcdahaleleri <\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, <\/u>e\u011fitim bazl\u0131 m\u00fcdahalelerin evde g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini geli\u015ftirme konusunda verimli oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131t bulmu\u015ftur. Ancak t\u00fcketicileri e\u011fitmenin yan\u0131nda psikososyal yap\u0131lar\u0131 hedef alan etkili m\u00fcdahaleler de mevcuttur. \u00d6rne\u011fin planlanm\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015f teorisine dayanan bir<\/a> m\u00fcdahale <\/u>program\u0131 g\u00fcvenli yiyecek i\u015flenmesi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme konusunda ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcdahale program\u0131nda lisans \u00f6\u011frencilerine \u00a0g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bilgisi sunup spesifik plan yapma ve bariyerleri belirleme gibi niyet ve alg\u0131lanan davran\u0131\u015f kontrol\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 stratejiler i\u00e7ermektedir (\u00f6rne\u011fin bir davran\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in kendine g\u00fcvenmek). M\u00fcdahale alg\u0131lanan davran\u0131\u015f kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli yiyecek i\u015flenmesi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bulgular dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00fcvenli yiyecek i\u015flenmesi konusunda bilgilendirerek ve onlar\u0131 spesifik planlar yapmaya te\u015fvik ederek yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fimize dair \u00f6neriler sunmaktad\u0131r (\u00f6rn., dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131z ile et ve sebzeler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 kesme tahtalar\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 konusunda plan olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 ad\u0131na belirli stratejileri tart\u0131\u015fabilirsiniz).<\/p>\n

    Bir ba\u015fka ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcdahale<\/a> al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k teorisine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcdahale lisans \u00f6\u011frencilerine, bilgi posteri sa\u011flayarak (\u00f6rne\u011fin ipucu) ve bunu her 3-5 g\u00fcnde tekrarlamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in hat\u0131rlatma sa\u011flayarak tabak bezlerini mikrodalgalama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00dc\u00e7 haftal\u0131k test s\u00fcresi boyunca davran\u0131\u015fta kayda de\u011fer anlamda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve 3 haftal\u0131k takip s\u00fcresince davran\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Pratik anlamda bu sonu\u00e7lar bize dan\u0131\u015fanlara g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bilgisi sunman\u0131n ve belirli davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar geli\u015ftirmelerini sa\u011flaman\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (\u00f6rn. dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 her hafta tabak bezlerini mikrodalgalama hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131 yapmas\u0131 ad\u0131na telefon d\u00fczenlemesi yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik edebilirsiniz).<\/p>\n

    K\u0131saca yukar\u0131da bahsedilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar g\u00f6steriyor ki; sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisi uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131 olarak hayati \u00f6nemi ta\u015f\u0131yan bu sa\u011fl\u0131k davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131m\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131<\/a> olabilmek <\/u>i\u00e7in yapacak bir\u00e7ok m\u00fcdahale mevcuttur. Bu, dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda e\u011fitmekle ba\u015flar ve daha sonra davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 uygulama konusunda kendilerine g\u00fcvenmelerine ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Son olarak, t\u00fcm t\u00fcketiciler besin kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klara yakalanma konusunda risk alt\u0131ndayken, n\u00fcfusun %25\u2019ini kapsayan hamile kad\u0131nlar, 5 ya\u015f alt\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131 bireyler, ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi zay\u0131f bireyler daha fazla risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu sebeple yukar\u0131da belirtilen m\u00fcdahale se\u00e7eneklerinin sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisi uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan fark\u0131na var\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir (\u00f6rn. bireyler kronik sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ile gelmi\u015f ise, anne\/baba veya ya\u015fl\u0131 bireyler ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kad\u0131n e\u011fer hamilelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte ise).<\/p>\n

    Pratik Tavsiyeler<\/strong><\/p>\n