{"id":1666,"date":"2020-04-10T17:20:39","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T17:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1666"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:19:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:19:35","slug":"insights-from-behavioural-science-for-the-covid-19-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/2020\/04\/insights-from-behavioural-science-for-the-covid-19-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"Davran\u0131\u015f bilimlerinden COVID-19 pandemisine y\u00f6nelik i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By Shane Timmons, Economic and Social Research Institute, Ireland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm devletler, hen\u00fcz yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almak ad\u0131na seferber olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat bu m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lamas\u0131 i\u00e7in esas etken fakt\u00f6r <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bireylerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dublin\u2019de, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumunda yer alan <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Davran\u0131\u015fsal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Birimi<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> olarak bizler, COVID-19 pandemisine y\u00f6nelik olu\u015fan tepkiler konusunda bilgilendirme yapmak ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u0130rlanda Sa\u011fl\u0131k B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktay\u0131z. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100\u2019den fazla bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yeniden inceleyerek<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisi pratisyenlerini de ilgilendirecek olan, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">halk ile en iyi ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7me yollar\u0131n\u0131 test etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 Bu inceleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesaj\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan \u00fc\u00e7 alan ile alakal\u0131 literat\u00fcre odakland\u0131k. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 alan; el hijyeni, y\u00fcze dokunmak ve izolasyonu i\u00e7ermektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yard\u0131m davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve krizde verimli ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flayabilmek konusunda daha geni\u015f literat\u00fcre de ba\u015fvurduk.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>El hijyeni<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda, el hijyenini artt\u0131rma yollar\u0131 konusunda bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma yer almaktad\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E\u011fitimin ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na fakat \u00e7evresel k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlerin \u00e7ok verimli olaca\u011f\u0131na dair sa\u011flam kan\u0131tlar mevcuttur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, alkol-bazl\u0131 el dezenfektanlar\u0131na ilgi \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in, dezenfektan makinelerinin <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yerine bu makineleri parlak renkli i\u015faretler ile s\u00fcsleyip ortak alanlara yerle\u015ftirmek <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok daha fazla art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kullan\u0131m\u0131n, onlardan beklenen bir norm oldu\u011fu sinyalini vermenin de bir\u00e7ok faydas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Net fakat kibar sorular \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin, hastalar\u0131n\u0131z veya ziyaret\u00e7ileriniz geldi\u011finde onlara \u2018\u2019el dezenfektan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kulland\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131\u2019\u2019 diye sormak bu normlar\u0131n kolay bir \u015fekilde iletilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fimdi olu\u015fturmak ve ortamdaki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar rahatlamaya gitti\u011finde halen bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Y\u00fcze dokunmak<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El hijyeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n tam tersine, maalesef ki y\u00fcze dokunmay\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan herhangi bir m\u00fcdahele testine rastlayamad\u0131k. Fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, verimlilik sa\u011flamamaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, insanlar\u0131 y\u00fczlerine dokunma konusunda bilin\u00e7lendirme, insanlar\u0131n y\u00fczlerine dokunma oranlar\u0131n\u0131 da artt\u0131rabilmektedir. Belirlenmi\u015f m\u00fcdahelerin eksikli\u011finde, pratisyenler davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin daha genel modellerine itimat edebilerler (\u00f6rn., <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Davran\u0131\u015f De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7ark\u0131, M\u00fcdahale E\u015fle\u015ftirme, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">veya <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do\u011fu Tasla\u011f\u0131<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Bizler ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">di\u011ferleri,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">y\u00fcze dokunma konusunda g\u00f6z korkutmak yerine, y\u00fcz dokunmay\u0131 di\u011fer alternatifler ile takas etme yollar\u0131n\u0131 test etmeyi tavsiye ediyoruz (\u00f6rn., giysi kolu veya pe\u00e7ete kullanmak gibi).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0130zolasyon<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n semptomlar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan veya enfekte olan insan ile temasa ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan bireyin kendini izole etmesi <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bir\u00e7ok hayat\u0131 kurtaracakt\u0131r<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Fakat birey, izolasyonun olumsuz psikolojik etkilerini de ya\u015fayabilir. Sosyal izolasyon ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyi olu\u015f \u00fczerinde etkisi mevcuttur (\u00f6rn., \u00e7ok iyi bilinen bir <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olan sigara).\u00a0 Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k patlamalar\u0131nda karantina da kalan insanlar ile yap\u0131lan <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24 ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inde<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 3 y\u0131la kadar depresyon vukuatlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenerek risklerin izolasyon d\u00f6neminin de \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu risk daha da fazla olabilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc izolasyonun getirdi\u011fi olumsuz psikolojik bask\u0131 meslekta\u015flar\u0131na veya hastalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olamama gibi endi\u015felerle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilmektedir. Yetkililer, \u00f6zellikle savunmas\u0131z\/hassas gruplar\u0131n uzaktan da ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi ek ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131k servisi sunmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u0130nsanlara bireysel izolasyon planlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ad\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok ulusal sa\u011fl\u0131k servisine fayda sa\u011flayabilir. \u00d6rn., <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UK\u2019s NHS<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, di\u011ferleri ile telefon veya online olarak temasta kalmaya devam etme, yeterince iyi hissediyorsan\u0131z egzersiz yapma ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rutin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> olu\u015fturup s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme gibi, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 ile ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak tavsiyeler sunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Yard\u0131m\u0131 olabilecek davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 motive etmek<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COVID-19 a yakalanman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 herkes i\u00e7in e\u015fit de\u011fil. Daha ya\u015fl\u0131 ve ba\u015fka sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 olan ki\u015filer, gen\u00e7 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bireylere k\u0131yasla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck risktedir. Fakat, y\u00fcksek riskli ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece kendi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan etkilenmemekte, etraftaki ki\u015filerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da etki etmektedir. \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 stratejiler bireysel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n topluma yararlar\u0131 konusunda iyi d\u00fczeyde bulgu var. Etkili ileti\u015fim kurabilmek \u015fart. Toplumsal boyutta faydal\u0131 olabilmek i\u00e7in, \u201chepimiz bu gemideyiz\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemler kullanarak toplumsal kimli\u011fimizi bu y\u00f6nde yans\u0131tarak, ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmayan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 (\u00f6rn., panik al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f) kibarca belirterek bu amaca ula\u015fabiliriz. Yap\u0131lan deneylere g\u00f6re ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fedakarl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m etme ihtimalini artt\u0131rabilir. H\u0131zla artan bulgular bize g\u00f6steriyor ki COVID-19la ilgili ileti\u015fimlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan riskleri aktarma ve toplum yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar yapmak, vir\u00fcse nas\u0131l yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla ilgili bilgilerden daha etklilidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Krizle ilgili bilgi aktar\u0131m\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pratisyenler hastalar\u0131 ve dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla COV\u0130D-19 konusu hakk\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kurarken risk bilgisi aktarman\u0131n psikolojik y\u00f6nlerini de de\u011ferlendirmek faydal\u0131 olabilir. H\u0131z, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00f6nemli. Genel olarak, pratisyenler kendi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 belirsizli\u011fi ve kriz an\u0131nda zor durumda olan insanlarla kurduklar\u0131 empatiden bahsedip, bireysel yapabilece\u011fimiz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n faydalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmak insanlara kayg\u0131 ve olumlu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini dengelemelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COVID-19\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edebilmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok bilim dal\u0131ndan faydalanmakta yarar var. Davran\u0131\u015f bilimlerinde kullan\u0131lan teori ve metodlar\u0131n rol\u00fc olabilir. Burda verilen tavsiyelerin y\u00fcksek kaliteli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla test edilmesi bu alanda yap\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n faydas\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Pratik \u00d6neriler:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El hijyenini iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in fark\u0131ndal\u0131k kampanyalar\u0131, g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131 el antiseptik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n herkes taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bulundu\u011fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131 vererek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcze dokunmay\u0131n demek yeterli olmayabilir \u2013 fiziksel ve sosyal ortamlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, y\u00fcze dokumnak yerine yeni davran\u0131\u015f normlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilebilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin elinizde sadece temiz pe\u00e7ete oldu\u011funda y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcze onunla dokunmay\u0131 planlayabilirsiniz.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130nsanlara uzakdan da olsa sosyal ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131yla ileti\u015fimlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak ve g\u00fcndelik d\u00fczen sa\u011flamak, izole oldu\u011fumuz bu d\u00f6nemin yaratabilece\u011fi negatif psikolojik etkilerin olu\u015fmamas\u0131na faydal\u0131 olabilir. Bu d\u00f6nemde takviye psikolojik deste\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyulabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz bu olay\u0131n hepimizi kollektif olarak etkiledi\u011fi vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r ve y\u00fcksek risk grubundaki ki\u015filer \u00f6n planda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r, bu yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7in motivasyon sa\u011flayabilir. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmayan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n takibi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bireysel olarak COVID-19un yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 indirgemek i\u00e7in yapabileceklerimizi, kayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve olumlu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi dengede tutarak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te etkili olabiliriz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>[Translated by Beg\u00fcm \u00c7akmak &amp; G\u00fclcan Garip]<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Shane Timmons, Economic and Social Research Institute, Ireland Governments worldwide have mobilised to try to control the spread of the novel coronavirus, but the behaviour of individuals will be vital to their success. We \u2013 the Behavioural Research Unit [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1666"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4593,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1666\/revisions\/4593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}