{"id":1299,"date":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","slug":"telling-stories-about-caring-for-others","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/2019\/05\/telling-stories-about-caring-for-others\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemseme ile ilgili hikaye anlat\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Irina Todorova, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Psikolojisi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, Sofya, Bulgaristan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em>Ya\u015flanmakta olan sevdi\u011fimiz ki\u015filerle ilgilenmek, \u00f6zellikle zay\u0131f bir durumdalarsa, ayn\u0131 anda hem mutluluk verip hem de sinir bozucu olan kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir deneyim olabilir. T\u0131bbi bilim, insanlar\u0131n daha uzun ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015famlara sahip olmas\u0131na, ayn\u0131 zamanda baz\u0131 durumlarda ya\u015flanmayla birlikte olu\u015fan bili\u015fsel gerilemeyi \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Ailelerimizin ya\u015fl\u0131 bireylerle ilgilenme \u015fekilleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bunama, ya\u015flanma ve bak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi olaylar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flamlara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6sterebiliyor. \u00c7o\u011fu insan evlerinde kendi topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ya\u015flan\u0131yor ve psikososyal a\u00e7\u0131dan bu hem ya\u015fl\u0131 bireyler i\u00e7in hem de o toplulukta olan farkl\u0131 ya\u015flardaki jenerasyonlar i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 oluyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmekte olan bir bireye bakmak, bak\u0131c\u0131 tarafa i\u00e7in fiziksel \u00e7aba, psikolojik gerginlik, s\u00fcrmekte olan kay\u0131pla ilgili yas ve muhtemel finansal zorluklar gibi deneyimleri de beraberinde getiriyor.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hikaye tarz\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisi <\/strong>insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyimleri ve anlamlar\u0131n\u0131, o ba\u011flam i\u00e7erisinde hikaye anlat\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k ve hastal\u0131kla ilgili ki\u015fisel de\u011fi\u015fimleri anlamland\u0131rma vas\u0131tas\u0131yla anlamay\u0131 hedefliyor. Hikayeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, insanlar beklenmeyen \u201cbiyolojik bozulmalar\u0131\u201d anlamland\u0131rabilir ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f, \u015fimdiki ve gelecek zamanlarla ilgili, hem de de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f kendilik ve ili\u015fkilerin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurabiliyor. Farkl\u0131 olaylar\u0131 ak\u0131c\u0131 bir hikayeye ba\u011flama vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, insanlar bu olay\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu, bu olay\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fi ve \u015fimdi kime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yaratabiliyorlar. Bak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131zda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, hikayeler, bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sevdikleri insanlarla olan ili\u015fkisinin zamanla nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi tekrar tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na izin veriyor. Hikaye tarz\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k psikolojisi, sa\u011fl\u0131k farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatabilme amac\u0131yla hikayelerin ki\u015fisel, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak birden \u00e7ok katman\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurguluyor. Hastalar\u0131n hikayeleri, onlar\u0131n resmi ya da gayri resmi bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0131bbi uygulama ve t\u0131bbi e\u011fitimde de vurgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131: <\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l desteklenebilece\u011fi ile ilgilendiler. De\u011ferlendirme ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor ki farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, ve o yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi grupland\u0131rabiliriz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>E\u011fitim ve egzersiz &#8211; <\/em>ya\u015flanma ve bunama semptomlar\u0131 ve evreleriyle ilgili bilgiyi art\u0131rma<\/li>\n<li><em>Sosyal destek <\/em>&#8211; online olarak ya da gruptaki akranlardan; ya da aile ve arkada\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan destek<\/li>\n<li><em>Soluklanma &#8211; <\/em>bak\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yorgunlu\u011funu azaltma amac\u0131yla sosyal a\u011flardan ya da organizasyonlardan sa\u011flanan soluklanma, m\u00fchlet<\/li>\n<li><em>Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik eden davran\u0131\u015flar &#8211; <\/em>bak\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan davran\u0131\u015flar, fiziksel aktiviteler, stres azaltma aktiviteleri ve uygulamalar\u0131 gibi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 zamanda resmi olmayan bak\u0131c\u0131lar, hastalar ve onlar\u0131n aileleri i\u00e7in savunucu politikalar\u0131n \u00fczerinde de durmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Massachusetts Yasama Meclisi, ailelerden ve sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyonellerinden gelen girdilere cevaben ve yerel Alzheimer\u2019s Birli\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn savundu\u011fu \u201cMass Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia Act\u201d yasas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi. Bu yasa, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunama hastalar\u0131na ve ailelerine tan\u0131 koymada ve bak\u0131m sa\u011flama e\u011fitimini destekleyecek; te\u015fhis i\u00e7in yeterli bildirimi sa\u011flayacak ve k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131mdan korumay\u0131 ve yeterli akut deste\u011fi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hikaye tarz\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k prati\u011fi: <\/strong>Anlat\u0131m pratikleri ki\u015fi merkezli, diyaloglu ve bak\u0131m\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve yap\u0131sal ba\u011flamlarda olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n anlat\u0131m pratikleri kendilerinin anlam olu\u015fturmas\u0131nda ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201canlat\u0131 yetkinliklerini\u201d art\u0131rmalar\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur &#8211; ilgilendikleri ki\u015finin hikayelerini ve deneyimlerini dinlemek ve bunlara uymak konusunda.<\/p>\n<p>Bak\u0131m verenin refah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin meta analizlerinden \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7lardan biri, hem bak\u0131c\u0131lar hem de hastalar dahil oldu\u011funda bunlar\u0131n en etkili oldu\u011fu sonucudur. Evde bak\u0131m ya da bak\u0131m evlerinde tan\u0131t\u0131lan hikaye anlat\u0131m\u0131 programlar\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekler mevcut (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u201chayat hikayesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ya da \u201chat\u0131rlatma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d). Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar \u00fczerinde odaklanm\u0131\u015f olsa da baz\u0131lar\u0131 aile ve gayri resmi bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren i\u015fbirlikli ve ortak hikaye anlat\u0131m\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 olarak da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, gayri resmi bak\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in yorucu bir durum olabilir ve bu durum yorgunluk ve kederi bir araya getiren \u00f6yk\u00fcler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ya\u015fan\u0131r ve sevdiklerimizle ili\u015fkilerimizi derinle\u015ftirmemize hizmet eder. Bak\u0131m verenlerin kendi hikayelerini benimsemelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak, yenilenen bir anlam ve ama\u00e7 duygusuna ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir anlat\u0131 prati\u011fi perspektifinden, pratisyenlere uygulama yapmalar\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck bak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k eylemlerinde hangi bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kendilerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutabilecekleri konusunda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nerileri sunuyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pratik \u00f6nerileri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(Resmi olmayan) Bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve bak\u0131m verme hikayelerini payla\u015fmada ve sevdikleriyle ili\u015fkilerindeki de\u011fi\u015fimi payla\u015fmaya te\u015fvik edin. A\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu sorular sormak, (Bana \u2026. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zamandan bahset\u2026\u201d) empati ile dinlemek ve bak\u0131m verenleri arkada\u015flar\u0131yla konu\u015fmaya ya da hikayelerin payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131t destek gruplar\u0131na kat\u0131lmak gibi.<\/li>\n<li>Bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yazmaya ba\u015flamaya, edebiyat ve \u015fiir \u00fczerine okumaya ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye te\u015fvik edin. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcler \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, bak\u0131m verenlerin ya\u015famlar\u0131nda neler olup bitti\u011fini anlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n yararl\u0131 bir yoludur ve bu, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde fayda sa\u011flayabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hikayelerinin ili\u015fkisel oldu\u011funu kabul edin ve bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ve umursad\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015filerin, ortak ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri ve bu anlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda birlikte konu\u015fmak i\u00e7in zaman ay\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerin. Bak\u0131m veren ki\u015filere, bak\u0131lan ki\u015fi ile an\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l uyand\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fikirler verin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, eski foto\u011fraflara, ortak an\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren nesneler, haf\u0131za kutular\u0131 ve kolajlar gibi).<\/li>\n<li>Bu tarz hikaye anlat\u0131m\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 zaman al\u0131r ve t\u00fcm bak\u0131c\u0131larla uygulanamayabilir. Bu nedenle, hassas bir \u015fekilde ve deneme olarak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Hikayeler birden fazla duygu uyand\u0131rabildi\u011finden, k\u0131sa anlat\u0131mlarda hikaye anlat\u0131m\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 da yap\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7eviri: Alperen Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/p>\n<p>\u0130hsan Do\u011framac\u0131 Bilkent \u00dcniversitesi, Ankara<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Yerel Edit\u00f6r: G\u00fclcan Garip<\/p>\n<p>University of Derby<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center in Sofia, Bulgaria Taking care of aging loved ones, who are perhaps in frail health, can be a complicated and confusing experience that is both gratifying and frustrating. Medical science is helping people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1299"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4791,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions\/4791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}