{"id":5019,"date":"2026-06-21T23:55:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T23:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?post_type=module&#038;p=5019"},"modified":"2026-09-10T09:20:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T09:20:16","slug":"module-5","status":"publish","type":"module","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/tr\/module\/module-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Davran\u0131\u015f bilimini kullanarak y\u00fcksek riskli gruplarda COVID-19 tan\u0131 ve tedavi s\u00fcrecini desteklemek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Yazarlar: Tracy Epton, Manchester \u00dcniversitesi, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Lisa Marie Warner, MSB T\u0131p Okulu Berlin, Almanya, ve Aleksandra Lazic, Belgrad, S\u0131rbistan\u2019tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00fcksek riskli hastalarla COVID-19 konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak bazen ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla konu\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye benzer. Elbette payla\u015fmam\u0131z gereken klinik bilgiler vard\u0131r; ancak hastalar\u0131n beraberinde getirdi\u011fi ba\u015fka unsurlar da s\u00fcrecin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r: k\u00fclt\u00fcr taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillenen inan\u00e7lar, sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemiyle ilgili ge\u00e7mi\u015f deneyimler, damgalanma korkusu, sosyal \u00e7evreden gelen \u00e7eli\u015fkili mesajlar ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 gibi. Davran\u0131\u015f bilimi, bu karma\u015f\u0131k unsurlar\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmam\u0131za ve s\u00fcreci daha ak\u0131c\u0131, daha \u015fefkatli ve daha etkili h\u00e2le getirmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zorluklardan biri hen\u00fcz tan\u0131 an\u0131nda ba\u015flar. Bir\u00e7ok klinisyen, \u00f6zellikle zaman bask\u0131s\u0131 hissettiklerinde veya hastan\u0131n nas\u0131l tepki verece\u011finden emin olmad\u0131klar\u0131nda hassas bilgileri payla\u015fmak konusunda zorlanabilir. Hastalar ise yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler ta\u015f\u0131yabilir (\u201ctestler g\u00fcvenilir de\u011fil\u201d, \u201cCOVID art\u0131k ciddi de\u011fil\u201d) ya da ge\u00e7mi\u015f deneyimleri nedeniyle sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemine kar\u015f\u0131 temkinli olabilir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fleri, aileleri veya sosyal \u00e7evreleri \u00fczerindeki etkilerinden kayg\u0131 duyabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu konu\u015fmaya dahil oldu\u011fumuzda yaln\u0131zca t\u0131bbi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda olduk\u00e7a insani bir alana da girmi\u015f oluruz. \u0130nsanlar sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili konu\u015fmalar\u0131 zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bulabilir; yarg\u0131lanacaklar\u0131n\u0131, utanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131k tercihleri yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclece\u011fini hissedebilirler. B\u00f6yle hissettiklerinde savunmac\u0131 davranabilirler; \u00f6rne\u011fin tedavi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 reddedebilir, COVID-19\u2019un ciddiyetini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyebilir veya tedavinin etkisiz oldu\u011funa inanabilirler. Tan\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde g\u00fcvenli bir ortam olu\u015fturmak, yanl\u0131\u015f bilgileri d\u00fczeltmek ve savunmac\u0131 e\u011filimleri azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki 1. ad\u0131ma bakabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tan\u0131 konulduktan sonra s\u0131radaki temel zorluk motivasyondur. Motivasyon \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131zca risk bilgisi vermekle olu\u015fmaz. \u00d6zellikle hafif semptomlar\u0131 olan ya da hi\u00e7 semptom g\u00f6stermeyen y\u00fcksek riskli hastalar, neden acil tedavi gerekti\u011fini anlamakta zorlanabilir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 antiviral tedavilerin fayda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131na inanmazken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 yan etkilerden endi\u015fe duyabilir. Kimi hastalar kendilerini \u201cy\u00fcksek riskli\u201d olarak g\u00f6rmeyebilir ya da ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131ran dini veya k\u00fclt\u00fcrel inan\u00e7lara sahip olabilir. Ancak bu kayg\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi teknikleri kullan\u0131larak ele al\u0131nabilir (bkz. Ad\u0131m 2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hasta tedaviye tamamen motive olsa bile, tedavi ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli engellerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir. \u0130lac\u0131n\u0131 almay\u0131 unutabilir, kullan\u0131m talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir ya da aile ve i\u015f sorumluluklar\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka \u00f6nceliklerle u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalabilir. Sadece bir-iki g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kendini daha iyi hissetmesi bile tedaviyi erken b\u0131rakmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Tedaviye uyum yaln\u0131zca istek meselesi de\u011fildir; tedavinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam rutinlerine nas\u0131l uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da ilgilidir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 proaktif planlama ile desteklenebilir (bkz. Ad\u0131m 3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00fcksek riskli hastalar\u0131 COVID-19 tan\u0131 ve tedavi s\u00fcrecinde desteklemek, davran\u0131\u015f biliminin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel duyarl\u0131l\u0131kla birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda en etkili sonucu verir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6neriler her iki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da temel almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Pratik \u00f6neriler<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Ad\u0131m 1: Tan\u0131y\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131rken g\u00fcvenli ve sayg\u0131l\u0131 bir ortam olu\u015fturun<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hastan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini veya de\u011ferlerini vurgulayarak ba\u015flay\u0131n; bu yakla\u015f\u0131m savunmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi kurmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Savunmac\u0131 tepkileri azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemlerden biri \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/hea0000116\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olumlama\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Bu y\u00f6ntemde hastalar, enfeksiyonun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuzlu\u011fa odaklanmak yerine kendi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini ve ya\u015famlar\u0131ndaki de\u011ferli rollerini k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye te\u015fvik edilir; \u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli biri olmak, ilgili bir e\u015f, ebeveyn veya i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131 olmak gibi. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00f6zsayg\u0131y\u0131 destekleyebilir ve tan\u0131 ile tedavinin sonraki ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunlar\u0131 sakin bir \u015fekilde \u201cger\u00e7ek sandvi\u00e7i\u201d y\u00f6ntemiyle d\u00fczeltin: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.essex.ac.uk\/29625\/1\/The%20COVID-19%20Vaccine%20Communication%20Handbook.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6nce do\u011fru bilgiyi payla\u015f\u0131n, ard\u0131ndan yanl\u0131\u015f inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 k\u0131sa bi\u00e7imde belirtin, neden do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n ve son olarak yeniden do\u011fru bilgiye d\u00f6n\u00fcn<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17061\/phrp3112105\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n sade ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan uygun olmas\u0131<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya dil yeterlili\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 hastalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Ad\u0131m 2: Motivasyonu desteklemek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k ve etkili ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullan\u0131n<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-016-3685-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motivasyonel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme teknikleri<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 a\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu sorular, yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 dinleme ve olumlay\u0131c\u0131 ifadeler \u2014 hastalar\u0131n tedaviyi de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kendi nedenlerini ke\u015ffetmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir; bu yakla\u015f\u0131m yaln\u0131zca ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan \u00e7ok daha etkilidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ba\u015fka bir hastan\u0131n deneyimini anlatan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2023.107752\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">k\u0131sa hik\u00e2yeler<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> veya infografik ve <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720817690634\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">g\u00f6rsel anlat\u0131mlar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> gibi ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131labilir. Tedaviyle ve tedavisiz durumda viral y\u00fck\u00fc g\u00f6steren basit bir g\u00f6rsel, erken tedavinin neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fme riskini daha somut h\u00e2le getirmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Hastalar ayr\u0131ca tedavinin art\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve eksilerini kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmeye te\u015fvik edilebilir. Bu de\u011ferlendirme <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yaln\u0131zca ki\u015fisel sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, iyile\u015fmenin sosyal \u00e7evreleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini de i\u00e7ermelidir<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; \u00f6rne\u011fin aileleriyle ilgilenebilmek veya yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek gibi. \u00d6zellikle ya\u015fl\u0131 yeti\u015fkinlerde<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09637214211011468?casa_token=aEdlmPSHueUAAAAA:DdR-OMhh_KoihduLSQgSRLg39bB14Xez_e21OhmojPixdhyC3chyzPxDLM6davjBCxkSIYjHkFIt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tedavinin k\u0131sa vadeli ve duygusal a\u00e7\u0131dan anlaml\u0131 faydalar\u0131<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u00f6rne\u011fin torununu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 iyile\u015fmek), uzun vadeli sa\u011fl\u0131k hedeflerinden (\u00f6rne\u011fin hastal\u0131k y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek) daha ikna edici olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Ad\u0131m 3: Tedaviye uyumu pratik planlama ile destekleyin<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hasta ile birlikte somut bir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10410236.2017.1331305\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eylem plan\u0131<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> olu\u015fturun: \u0130lac\u0131n nerede saklanaca\u011f\u0131, dozlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck rutin i\u00e7ine nas\u0131l yerle\u015ftirilece\u011fi ve hangi hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceden planlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m tedaviye uyumu daha y\u00f6netilebilir h\u00e2le getirir ve yaln\u0131zca haf\u0131zaya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmay\u0131 azalt\u0131r. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10463283.2024.2334563\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hayata ge\u00e7irme niyeti\u201d stratejileri (\u201c<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E\u011fer ila\u00e7 saatinde i\u015fte olursam, o zaman \u2026 yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u201d) g\u00fcnl\u00fck rutinler de\u011fi\u015fse bile tedavinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. \u0130la\u00e7 kutular\u0131, alarmlar ve g\u00f6rsel hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131lar d\u00fczenli kullan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan destekleyicidir. Ayr\u0131ca hastalarla birlikte, ilac\u0131 d\u00fczenli kullanmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilecek olas\u0131 engelleri ve bunlara y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri \u00f6nceden belirleyebilirsiniz. Hastalar\u0131 sosyal destek a\u011flar\u0131ndan yard\u0131m istemeye te\u015fvik edin; \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yak\u0131n \u00e7evreleri destek sunma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her a\u015famada k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan duyarl\u0131 bak\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Hastalar\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, aile i\u00e7indeki rollerini veya tercih ettikleri dili sormak; olu\u015fturulan plan\u0131n hem sayg\u0131l\u0131 hem de uygulanabilir hissettirmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. G\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi kurma, motivasyonu destekleme ve pratik planlamay\u0131 bir araya getiren sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131; \u00f6zellikle en fazla deste\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyan hastalar i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilir ve sa\u011fl\u0131k e\u015fitsizliklerini azaltabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Bak\u0131r <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":5172,"template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false},"class_list":["post-5019","module","type-module","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.5","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","et","sv","tr","uk","hi","sw","ta"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"et":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sw":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ta":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Tracy Epton, University of Manchester, UK, Lisa Marie Warner, MSB Medical School Berlin, Germany, and Aleksandra Lazic, an independent researcher from Belgrade, Serbia Working with high\u2011risk patients around COVID\u201119 can feel like navigating several conversations at once. 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