{"id":908,"date":"2018-04-06T16:26:47","date_gmt":"2018-04-06T16:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=908"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:39:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:39:29","slug":"willpower-versus-unhealthy-temptations-spoiler-alert-willpower-usually-loses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2018\/04\/willpower-versus-unhealthy-temptations-spoiler-alert-willpower-usually-loses\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f4\u013ea verzus nezdrav\u00e9 poku\u0161enia &#8211; Spoiler Alert &#8211; V\u00f4\u013ea prehr\u00e1va"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Amanda Rebar, Central Queensland University, Australia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nie je \u017eiadnym prekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee d\u00f4kazy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u013eudia sa rozhodne nespr\u00e1vaj\u00fa sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd je pre ich dlhodob\u00e9 zdravie najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed vie, \u017ee cvi\u010denie je dobr\u00e9 pre ich fyzick\u00e9 a du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie, ale nepomerne menej \u013eud\u00ed pravidelne cvi\u010d\u00ed. Ke\u010f m\u00e1 \u010dlovek \u00famysel za\u010da\u0165 cvi\u010di\u0165, existuje len asi 50%-n\u00e1 \u0161anca, \u017ee tak aj skuto\u010dne spravia. \u010co s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 \u0161ance ako ke\u010f si hod\u00edte mincou! Uva\u017eovali ste niekedy nad t\u00fdm, pre\u010do tomu tak je, \u017ee napriek najlep\u0161\u00edm \u00famyslom sa \u013eudia dop\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa nezdrav\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania? Existuje st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead v oblasti psychol\u00f3gie zdravia hovoriaci o tom, ako je spr\u00e1vanie \u013eud\u00ed ovplyvnen\u00e9 dvomi syst\u00e9mami. Tieto modely du\u00e1lnych procesov poskytuj\u00fa osvie\u017euj\u00faci poh\u013ead na to, ako pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom \u017ei\u0165 zdravo bez toho, aby to vy\u017eadovalo neust\u00e1lu bitku ich v\u00f4le s nezdrav\u00fdmi poku\u0161eniami.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Existuje ve\u013ea verzi\u00ed modelov du\u00e1lnych procesov, ale ich v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka spo\u010d\u00edva v presved\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vanie je ovplyvnen\u00e9 dvomi syst\u00e9mami \u2013 jeden pozost\u00e1va z reflekt\u00edvnych procesov a druh\u00fd z automatick\u00fdch procesov. Reflektuj\u00faci syst\u00e9m ovplyv\u0148uje spr\u00e1vanie prostredn\u00edctvom pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch procesov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne dos\u0165 pomal\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduj\u00fa si silu v\u00f4le. Automatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m ovplyv\u0148uje spr\u00e1vanie ne\u00famyseln\u00fdmi, spont\u00e1nnymi impulzmi.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f s\u00fa procesy odli\u0161n\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 za n\u00e1sledok rovnak\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Napr\u00edklad &#8211; \u017eena zmenila to, \u010do jed\u00e1va. Mo\u017eno bola informovan\u00e1 o tom, \u017ee je vystaven\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku srdcov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed a rozhodla sa, \u017ee je v jej najlep\u0161om z\u00e1ujme urobi\u0165 zmenu &#8211; to by bol reflekt\u00edvny proces. Alternat\u00edvou by mohlo by\u0165 to, \u017ee zmenila to, \u010do je jednoducho preto, \u017ee na jedlo nemala &#8220;n\u00e1ladu&#8221; alebo nemala &#8220;chute&#8221;, aby jedla rovnak\u00e9 veci ako obvykle &#8211; to by boli automatick\u00e9 procesy.<\/p>\n<p>Automatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 dos\u0165 zl\u00fa reput\u00e1ciu. B\u00fdva ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako zdroj nezdrav\u00e9ho poku\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00ed by\u0165 prekonan\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u00f4\u013eou. Zvy\u010dajne vzdel\u00e1vame \u013eud\u00ed o tom, pre\u010do by mali zmeni\u0165 svoje spr\u00e1vanie a spoliehame sa na tieto inform\u00e1cie s vierou, \u017ee ich dostato\u010dne presved\u010dili o tom, aby si stanovili ciele a pl\u00e1ny na zmenu, starostlivo monitorovali svoje spr\u00e1vanie a na\u0161li sp\u00f4sob, ako ka\u017edodenne efekt\u00edvne sledova\u0165 svoje pl\u00e1ny. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee tieto typy strat\u00e9gi\u00ed zmeny spr\u00e1vania nie v\u017edy funguj\u00fa, a ke\u010f, m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 len na kr\u00e1tky \u010das.<\/p>\n<p>Udr\u017eanie zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu bude nepochybne vy\u017eadova\u0165 prekonanie niektor\u00fdch poku\u0161en\u00ed, existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak aj sp\u00f4soby, ako m\u00f4\u017eeme pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom pracova\u0165 s namiesto proti automatick\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. D\u00f4kazy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee existuj\u00fa sp\u00f4soby, ako u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 odol\u00e1vanie nezdrav\u00fdm automatick\u00fdm vplyvom a dokonca aj sp\u00f4soby, ako zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby automatick\u00e9 vplyvy boli v s\u00falade s dlhodob\u00fdmi cie\u013emi v oblasti zdravia. S jednoduch\u00fdmi zmenami v sp\u00f4sobe, ak\u00fdm poskytujeme poradenstvo v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu, m\u00f4\u017eeme by\u0165 schopn\u00ed pom\u00f4c\u0165 v\u00f4li v boji proti nezdrav\u00fdm poku\u0161eniam alebo dokonca zastavi\u0165 boj \u00faplne tak, aby &#8220;poku\u0161enia&#8221; bojovali na strane zdravia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Navrhujte jednoduch\u00e9 zmeny v ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch rutin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa nezdrav\u00fdm poku\u0161eniam. Zvy\u010dajne existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 miesta, n\u00e1lady, z\u00e1\u017eitky alebo \u010das\u0165 d\u0148a, ke\u010f s\u00fa \u013eudia najviac n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k nezdrav\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu. Uvedomenie si, \u010do vyvol\u00e1va nezdrav\u00e9 poku\u0161enie, umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u0161etri\u0165 v\u00f4\u013eu v naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u010dasoch.\n<ul>\n<li>Pr\u00edklad: Niekto, kto pr\u00e1ve prestane faj\u010di\u0165, m\u00f4\u017ee chcie\u0165 zmeni\u0165 trasu domov z pr\u00e1ce, ak vie, \u017ee si na stanici na ceste domov kupuje bal\u00ed\u010dek cigariet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00ed\u010fte so sp\u00f4sobmi, ako urobi\u0165 zdrav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti spr\u00e1vania jednoduch\u0161ie a pr\u00edjemnej\u0161ie ako nezdrav\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy.\n<ul>\n<li>Pr\u00edklad: Nedr\u017ete v dome nezdrav\u00e9 jedlo. Je menej pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bud\u00fa c\u00edti\u0165 nutkav\u00fa potrebu na nezdrav\u00e9 jedlo, ak to vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdlet do obchodov, a ke\u010f s\u00fa doma zdrav\u0161ie mo\u017enosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Urobte zdrav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vidite\u013enej\u0161\u00edmi ako nezdrav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Reklama funguje prostredn\u00edctvom opakovania a vysokej vidite\u013enosti zna\u010dky. Rovnak\u00e9 techniky mo\u017eno aplikova\u0165 na zdrav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie.\n<ul>\n<li>Pr\u00edklad: Ak je pre \u010dloveka \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si, \u017ee si m\u00e1 zobra\u0165 lieky, po\u017eiadajte ho o umiestnenie lieku na vidite\u013enom a bezpe\u010dnom mieste (kuchynsk\u00e1 doska namiesto skrinky), aby bol v priebehu typick\u00e9ho d\u0148a pravidelne na o\u010diach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Robte zdrav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 je pre v\u00e1s odmenou. Ak je zdrav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie pr\u00edjemn\u00e9, potrebuje sa na jeho dosiahnutie menej v\u00f4le a je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee bude dlhodobo udr\u017eiavan\u00e9. Ak sa s n\u00edm zaobch\u00e1dza ako s nie\u010d\u00edm nepr\u00edjemn\u00fdm, \u010do mus\u00ed by\u0165 tolerovan\u00e9, pravdepodobne nebude trva\u0165 dlho.\n<ul>\n<li>Pr\u00edklad: Ak va\u0161e die\u0165a nem\u00e1 rado dusen\u00fa zeleninu, nen\u00fa\u0165te ho jes\u0165 ju a nepodpl\u00e1cajte ho sladkos\u0165ou po zjeden\u00ed. Namiesto toho zistite ako zeleninu uvari\u0165 tak, aby sa mu p\u00e1\u010dila, a aby sa ju nau\u010dili vychutn\u00e1va\u0165 miesto toho, aby sa jej nau\u010dili vyh\u00fdba\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Prelo<\/em><em>\u017eila<\/em><em>: Zuzana Dankulincova<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Amanda Rebar, Central Queensland University, Australia It will come as no surprise that evidence shows people do not always behave in ways that are best for their long-term health. 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