{"id":709,"date":"2017-08-30T07:14:54","date_gmt":"2017-08-30T07:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=709"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:44:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:44:47","slug":"using-health-psychology-in-your-everyday-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2017\/08\/using-health-psychology-in-your-everyday-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eitie psychol\u00f3gie zdravia vo va\u0161ej ka\u017edodennej praxi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Karen Morgan, Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Kuala Lumpur, Malajzia a Robbert Sanderman, University of Groningen a Health and Technology University of Twente, Holandsko.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co je praktick\u00e9 na psychol\u00f3gii zdravia?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Psychol\u00f3gia zdravia je mlad\u00e1, dynamick\u00e1 a r\u00fdchlo sa rozv\u00edjaj\u00faca discipl\u00edna v r\u00e1mci psychol\u00f3gie. Psychol\u00f3govia zdravia sa zameriavaj\u00fa na aplik\u00e1ciu psychologickej te\u00f3rie a v\u00fdskumu na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>podporu a udr\u017eiavanie zdravia a predch\u00e1dzanie chorob\u00e1m,<\/li>\n<li>pochopenie toho, ako \u013eudia reaguj\u00fa, zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa a zotavuj\u00fa sa z choroby,<\/li>\n<li>personaliz\u00e1cia lie\u010dby a intervenci\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>zlep\u0161enie syst\u00e9mov zdravotnej starostlivosti a zdravotnej politiky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more-->Psychol\u00f3gia zdravia si kladie ot\u00e1zky ako: \u010co poh\u00e1\u0148a spr\u00e1vanie s\u00favisiace so zdrav\u00edm a ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee toto spr\u00e1vanie zmeni\u0165? Sk\u00fama, ako s\u00fa em\u00f3cie a presved\u010denia spojen\u00e9 s t\u00fdmto spr\u00e1van\u00edm a ich d\u00f4sledkami. Psychol\u00f3govia zdravia preto pracuj\u00fa v mnoh\u00fdch r\u00f4znych prostrediach s r\u00f4znymi skupinami \u013eud\u00ed. Patria medzi ne pacienti, opatrovatelia a rodiny, jednotlivci v komunite, zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci a zdravotn\u00edcke syst\u00e9my a in\u0161tit\u00facie. V d\u00f4sledku toho s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy z oblasti psychol\u00f3gie zdravia d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kto pracuje s pacientmi, alebo podporuje praktick\u00e9 zmeny v spr\u00e1van\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Podpora a udr\u017eiavanie zdravia a predch\u00e1dzanie chorob\u00e1m<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do za\u0165a\u017eenie chronick\u00fdmi ochoreniami sa na celom svete r\u00fdchlo zvy\u0161uje, z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti je mo\u017en\u00e9 mu predch\u00e1dza\u0165. Epidemiologick\u00fd v\u00fdskum preuk\u00e1zal, \u017ee prim\u00e1rna prevencia (napr\u00edklad zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizikov\u00fdch faktorov pre kardiovaskul\u00e1rne choroby) je \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia ako sekund\u00e1rna prevencia na zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u00famrt\u00ed na kardiovaskul\u00e1rne choroby. Psychol\u00f3gia zdravia m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd pr\u00ednos z h\u013eadiska zn\u00ed\u017eenia rizikov\u00fdch faktorov s\u00favisiacich s chorobami v popul\u00e1cii t\u00fdm, \u017ee identifikuje konkr\u00e9tne spr\u00e1vanie (napr. faj\u010denie, zl\u00e1 strava, nedostatok telesnej aktivity, \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na lek\u00e1rskom vy\u0161etren\u00ed) a zameriava sa ich na zmenu.<\/p>\n<p>Psychol\u00f3gia zdravia sa zameriava na psychologick\u00e9 mechanizmy (napr. vedomosti, postoje, uva\u017eovanie) a soci\u00e1lne vplyvy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu br\u00e1ni\u0165 zmen\u00e1m a ved\u00fa k trval\u00e9mu nezdrav\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu. Lep\u0161ie pochopenie t\u00fdchto procesov pom\u00e1ha identifikova\u0165 optim\u00e1lne sp\u00f4soby, ako podpori\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, aby sa vymanili z tak\u00fdchto nezdrav\u00fdch rut\u00edn a napr\u00edklad prestali faj\u010di\u0165 alebo zv\u00fd\u0161ili konzum\u00e1ciu ovocia. V\u00fdvoj a pou\u017e\u00edvanie aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edctva sa v tejto oblasti neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje a poskytovanie techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania prostredn\u00edctvom aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a zariaden\u00ed predstavuje ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 pre psychol\u00f3giu zdravia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pochopenie toho, ako \u013eudia reaguj\u00fa, zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa a zotavuj\u00fa sa z choroby<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Choroba m\u00e1 psychologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 vplyv na zotavovanie sa z nej. Jednotlivci m\u00f4\u017eu pre\u017e\u00edva\u0165 stres, \u00fazkos\u0165 alebo depresiu alebo z\u00e1pasi\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u010do choroba m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 pre ich identitu. Psychol\u00f3govia zdravia sa sna\u017eia lep\u0161ie porozumie\u0165 tomu, ako najlep\u0161ie podporova\u0165 jednotlivcov, ktor\u00ed sa musia vysporiada\u0165 s chorobami, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 presk\u00fama\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 prepojenia medzi uva\u017eovan\u00edm, zvl\u00e1dan\u00edm, v\u00fdsledkami a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm so zdrav\u00edm spr\u00e1van\u00edm (napr. dodr\u017eiavanie u\u017e\u00edvania liekov v r\u00f4znych popul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch). Psychol\u00f3govia zdravia kriticky zva\u017euj\u00fa defin\u00edciu a meranie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch chor\u00f4b, napr\u00edklad: Ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee mera\u0165 dodr\u017eiavanie u\u017e\u00edvania liekov? \u010co je &#8220;prijate\u013en\u00e1&#8221; \u00farove\u0148 adherencie? Te\u00f3rie a modely sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na vysvet\u013eovanie a predpovedanie chor\u00f4b s\u00favisiacich s chovan\u00edm a v\u00fdsledky a tvoria z\u00e1klad pre navrhovanie intervenci\u00ed, s cie\u013eom dosiahnu\u0165 pozit\u00edvne zmeny v spr\u00e1van\u00ed. Psychol\u00f3govia zdravia sa tie\u017e sna\u017eia zisti\u0165, ako a pre koho s\u00fa tieto intervencie naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Personaliz\u00e1cia lie\u010dby a intervenci\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chceme zisti\u0165, ako napr\u00edklad m\u00f4\u017ee zmena v nastavovan\u00ed cie\u013eov alebo v soci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnostiach vies\u0165 k lep\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledkom ako je zlep\u0161enie v self-managemente alebo vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed soci\u00e1lnej opory. Tieto zistenia s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee n\u00e1m umo\u017enia zlep\u0161i\u0165 na\u0161e intervencie, ke\u010f\u017ee otv\u00e1raj\u00fa tzv. \u201e\u010diernu skrinku\u201c a ukazuj\u00fa, ktor\u00e9 zlo\u017eky \u00fa\u010dinne funguj\u00fa a maj\u00fa vplyv na v\u00fdsledok a kedy ich dok\u00e1\u017eeme zmeni\u0165. Okrem toho je tie\u017e ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 vedie\u0165, \u010do funguje najlep\u0161ie pre koho. Predpokladajme, \u017ee kognit\u00edvno-behavior\u00e1lna terapia pom\u00e1ha pacientom s rakovinou vyrovna\u0165 sa s d\u00f4sledkami tejto choroby, no napriek tomu vid\u00edme, \u017ee niektor\u00ed jedinci na lie\u010dbu, ktor\u00fa dostali nereaguj\u00fa. V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 techniky n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zisti\u0165, \u010di pacienti s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi charakteristikami (ako je pohlavie, vek alebo charakteristika osobnosti) reaguj\u00fa lep\u0161ie alebo hor\u0161ie na niektor\u00fa z foriem lie\u010dby. Pr\u00e1ve to je ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 lie\u010dba je pre koho najlep\u0161ia \u2013 proces, ktor\u00fd sa ozna\u010duje aj ako personaliz\u00e1cia lie\u010dby.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zlep\u0161enie syst\u00e9mov zdravotnej starostlivosti a zdravotnej politiky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sp\u00f4soby, ktor\u00fdmi doktori, zdravotn\u00e9 sestry a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00edcky person\u00e1l interaguj\u00fa s pacientom, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na reakciu pacienta na choroby a lie\u010dbu. Okrem pr\u00e1ce s pacientmi, opatrovate\u013emi a rodinami m\u00f4\u017eu psychol\u00f3govia zdravia spolupracuj\u00fa so zdravotn\u00edckymi pracovn\u00edkmi. Psychol\u00f3gia v oblasti zdravia zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu vo vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed odborn\u00edkov v oblasti zdravotn\u00edctva podporou starostlivosti zameranej na pacienta, ktor\u00e1 u\u013eah\u010duje zv\u00fd\u0161enie sebesta\u010dnosti a umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotlivcom ma\u0165 kontrolu nad svojim zdrav\u00edm a pom\u00e1ha im pri roben\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed. Patr\u00ed sem presk\u00famanie komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu odborn\u00edkov v oblasti zdravotnej starostlivosti a n\u00e1jdenie sp\u00f4sobov, ako lep\u0161ie prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 \u0161t\u00fdl potreb\u00e1m pacientov s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdsledky v oblasti zdravotnej starostlivosti. Tak napr\u00edklad v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch oddelenia psychol\u00f3gie zdravia v univerzitn\u00fdch nemocniciach \u0161kolia \u0161tudentov medic\u00edny pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0rozmanit\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edstupoch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oslovovanie psychol\u00f3gov zdravia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ak sa vo svojej pr\u00e1ci stret\u00e1vate s probl\u00e9my op\u00edsan\u00fdmi vy\u0161\u0161ie a chcete by\u0165 informovan\u00ed o najnov\u0161om v\u00fdvoji v tejto oblasti, odpor\u00fa\u010dame v\u00e1m sledova\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161 Praktick\u00fd blog o Psychol\u00f3gii zdravia. Navy\u0161e, ak potrebujete praktick\u00fa pomoc, nev\u00e1hajte kontaktova\u0165 odborn\u00edkov v r\u00e1mci oddelenia psychol\u00f3gie zdravia vo svojej vlastnej krajine a zisti\u0165, ako v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 \u010doko\u013evek, od odpovede na r\u00fdchlu ot\u00e1zku a\u017e po spolupr\u00e1cu na projekte podpory zdravia.<\/p>\n<p><em>Prelo\u017eila: Zuzana Dankulincov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karen Morgan, Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Robbert Sanderman, University of Groningen and Health and Technology University of Twente, The Netherlands. What is practical about health psychology? Health psychology is a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interventions"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4641,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions\/4641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}