{"id":4677,"date":"2026-01-26T08:59:57","date_gmt":"2026-01-26T08:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=4677"},"modified":"2026-03-27T07:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T07:53:38","slug":"supporting-health-workers-in-addressing-vaccine-hesitancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2026\/01\/supporting-health-workers-in-addressing-vaccine-hesitancy\/","title":{"rendered":"Podpora zdravotn\u00edckych pracovn\u00edkov pri rie\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1havosti oh\u013eadne o\u010dkovaniu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Dawn Holford, University of Bristol, UK; Linda Karlsson, University of Turku, F\u00ednsko; Frederike Taubert, Erfurt University, Nemecko; Emma C. Anderson, University of Bristol, UK; Virginia C. Gould, University of Bristol, UK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vyvracanie myln\u00fdch predst\u00e1v o o\u010dkovan\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O\u010dkovanie je jedn\u00fdm z naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov verejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edctva \u2013 odhaduje sa, \u017ee <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/24-04-2024-global-immunization-efforts-have-saved-at-least-154-million-lives-over-the-past-50-years\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ka\u017ed\u00fa min\u00fatu zachr\u00e1ni 6 \u017eivotov<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Napriek tomu v\u0161ak vakc\u00edny \u010delia aj odporu verejnosti, pri\u010dom pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00face dezinform\u00e1cie podkop\u00e1vaj\u00fa d\u00f4veru v o\u010dkovanie a predstavuj\u00fa v\u00fdzvu pre zdravotn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed sa o\u010dkovaniu venuj\u00fa. Ako m\u00f4\u017eu zdravotn\u00edci dr\u017ea\u0165 krok so z\u00e1plavou nepravdiv\u00fdch narat\u00edvov o vakc\u00ednach? \u010co m\u00f4\u017eu poveda\u0165 pacientom, ktor\u00ed tieto narat\u00edvy cituj\u00fa ako d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do nechc\u00fa da\u0165 zao\u010dkova\u0165 seba alebo svoje deti?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hoci m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 l\u00e1kav\u00e9 reagova\u0165 uv\u00e1dzan\u00edm faktov, vyvracanie myln\u00fdch predst\u00e1v o o\u010dkovan\u00ed \u2013 ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u010dasto \u017eiven\u00e9 dezinform\u00e1ciami \u2013 nie je tak\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangecommunication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DebunkingHandbook2020.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nie je len o tom poskytn\u00fa\u0165 viac faktick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vezmime si napr\u00edklad <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5789217\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d\u00e1vno vyvr\u00e1ten\u00fd m\u00fdtus o vakc\u00ednach a autizme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: napriek desa\u0165ro\u010diam v\u00fdskumu a rozsiahlym d\u00f4kazom, \u017ee medzi nimi neexistuje \u017eiadna s\u00favislos\u0165, zdravotn\u00edci sa s touto obavou u rodi\u010dov na\u010falej stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Tak\u00e9to m\u00fdty s\u00fa \u201elepkav\u00e9\u201c, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2023-92406-002.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">preto\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa podvedom\u00e9 obavy \u013eud\u00ed a siln\u00e9, intuit\u00edvne znej\u00face pr\u00edbehy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tie\u017e <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/counterhate.com\/research\/the-anti-vaxx-industry\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed sleduj\u00fa politick\u00e9 ciele<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, aby tieto m\u00fdty udr\u017eiavali v obehu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010co teda m\u00f4\u017eu zdravotn\u00edci poveda\u0165 \u010dloveku, ktor\u00fd ver\u00ed zav\u00e1dzaj\u00facej predstave o o\u010dkovan\u00ed? Za\u010d\u00edna treba porozumen\u00edm toho, \u010do motivuje presved\u010denie dan\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Predstavme si dvoch rodi\u010dov \u2013 Tinu a Toma. Obaja sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ich det\u00ed nezvl\u00e1dne v\u0161etky odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 o\u010dkovania. Toto je \u010fal\u0161ia be\u017en\u00e1 myln\u00e1 predstava: v skuto\u010dnosti je d\u00e1vka v o\u010dkovacej l\u00e1tke zanedbate\u013en\u00e1 v porovnan\u00ed so skuto\u010dn\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm. Tomovu obavu motivuje strach z ne\u017eiaducich \u00fa\u010dinkov, ktor\u00e9 by mohla vyvola\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 vakc\u00edna. Tinu naopak motivuje jej preferencia, aby si die\u0165a vytvorilo \u201eprirodzen\u00fa\u201c odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di chorob\u00e1m. Tieto hlb\u0161ie d\u00f4vody nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa v pozad\u00ed povrchovej obavy sa v psychol\u00f3gii ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2017-29745-009.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201ekorene postojov\u201c (attitude roots)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k tomu, \u017ee \u013eudia zotrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri svojich myln\u00fdch presved\u010deniach aj napriek faktick\u00fdm oprav\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010casto m\u00e1me prirodzen\u00fd impulz okam\u017eite opravova\u0165 nepresnosti, ktor\u00e9 po\u010dujeme od in\u00fdch. V\u00fdskum v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee ke\u010f najprv validujeme z\u00e1klad postojov, ich tzv. korene, \u013eudia s\u00fa <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vn\u00edmavej\u0161\u00ed vo\u010di vyvracaniu m\u00fdtov o o\u010dkovan\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 ich akcept\u00e1ciu vakc\u00edn. Pri Tomovi by sme teda mohli za\u010da\u0165 uisten\u00edm, \u017ee je norm\u00e1lne chcie\u0165 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 svoje die\u0165a. Naopak pri Tine m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 za\u010da\u0165 uznan\u00edm, \u017ee je vo v\u0161eobecnosti dobr\u00e9 vyh\u00fdba\u0165 sa zbyto\u010dn\u00fdm liekom. A\u017e po nadviazan\u00ed spojenia a budovan\u00ed d\u00f4very sa m\u00f4\u017eeme venova\u0165 samotnej mylnej predstave a poskytova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o o\u010dkovan\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako m\u00f4\u017eeme pripravi\u0165 zdravotn\u00edkov na rozhovory o o\u010dkovan\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najlep\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom rie\u0161enia myln\u00fdch predst\u00e1v o vakc\u00ednach je pr\u00edstup zalo\u017een\u00fd na prisp\u00f4sobenej, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017142\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dial\u00f3govej komunik\u00e1cii<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ke\u010f maj\u00fa \u013eudia mo\u017enos\u0165 hovori\u0165 so zdravotn\u00edkmi, ktor\u00fdm d\u00f4veruj\u00fa, je to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010038.pub3\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mimoriadne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pri zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed miery o\u010dkovania<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pr\u00edkladom tak\u00e9hoto pr\u00edstupu je <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">empatick\u00fd refuta\u010dn\u00fd rozhovor (Empathetic Refutational Interview)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 \u0161tvorkrokov\u00fd r\u00e1mec na vedenie rozhovorov o o\u010dkovan\u00ed pomocou met\u00f3d zalo\u017een\u00fdch na d\u00f4kazoch, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa budova\u0165 d\u00f4veru a rie\u0161i\u0165 myln\u00e9 predstavy s re\u0161pektom k ich z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kore\u0148om t\u00fdchto postojov. Tento typ rozhovoru bol vytvoren\u00fd v r\u00e1mci <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">projektu JITSUVAX<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a nadv\u00e4zuje aj na \u010fal\u0161ie dial\u00f3gov\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy, napr\u00edklad <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32281992\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">motiva\u010dn\u00e9 rozhovory (Motivational Interviewing)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dial\u00f3g so samotn\u00fdmi pacientmi v\u0161ak nie je v\u017edy jednoduch\u00fd. Zdravotn\u00edci sa m\u00f4\u017eu <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/10497323251320921\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ob\u00e1va\u0165 vyvolania konfliktu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Mnoh\u00ed z nich <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11265004\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nedost\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u0161kolenie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> na vedenie tak\u00fdchto rozhovorov. A tam, kde \u0161kolenie alebo usmernenie existuje, \u010dasto sa spolieha na <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21645515.2024.2397875\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pr\u00edstup zameran\u00fd na poskytnutie faktov<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v skuto\u010dnosti kontraprodukt\u00edvne. Projekt JITSUVAX uskuto\u010dnil rozhovory so zdravotn\u00edkmi, ktor\u00ed opisovali svoju potrebu konkr\u00e9tnej podpory a strat\u00e9gi\u00ed na rie\u0161enie myln\u00fdch predst\u00e1v pacientov o vakc\u00ednach.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Projekt JITSUVAX<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> vyvinul n\u00e1stroje na podporu zdravotn\u00edkov pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed Empatick\u00e9ho refuta\u010dn\u00e9ho rozhovoru v komunik\u00e1cii o o\u010dkovan\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/welcome\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Webov\u00e9 zdroje<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> na porozumenie 11 kore\u0148ov postojov, ktor\u00e9 stoja za myln\u00fdmi predstavami o\u00a0vakc\u00ednach.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Jitsuvax-prospectus_english_digital_PDF-03-04-25.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> na pou\u017e\u00edvanie Empatick\u00e9ho refuta\u010dn\u00e9ho rozhovoru s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 rozhovory o\u00a0o\u010dkovan\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Jitsuvax-prospectus_english_digital_PDF-03-04-25.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0160kolenia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pre zdravotn\u00edkov v tejto met\u00f3de.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zorganizovali sme workshopy so zdravotn\u00edkmi v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch Eur\u00f3py, ktor\u00ed uv\u00e1dzali v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 a trval\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie svojich zru\u010dnost\u00ed a sebad\u00f4very pri rozhovoroch o o\u010dkovan\u00ed po absolvovan\u00ed \u0161kolenia. V Rumunsku zdravotn\u00edci vy\u0161kolen\u00ed v Empatickom refuta\u010dnom rozhovore a motiva\u010dn\u00fdch rozhovoroch zaznamenali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rast po\u010dtu objednan\u00fdch o\u010dkovac\u00edch term\u00ednov po konzult\u00e1cii v porovnan\u00ed s nevy\u0161kolen\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edkmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na\u0161e sk\u00fasenosti s\u00fa v s\u00falade so zisteniami <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\/item\/24-05-2023-new-who-study-shows-health-workers-feel-more-confident-to-recommend-covid-19-vaccination-following-a-training-on-patient-communication\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u017ee tr\u00e9ning komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed zdravotn\u00edkov zvy\u0161uje ich sebad\u00f4veru pri rozhovoroch o o\u010dkovan\u00ed a predstavuje <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9444894\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hodnotn\u00fa invest\u00edciu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ako zdravotn\u00edk m\u00e1te pri poskytovan\u00ed medic\u00ednskych r\u00e1d jedine\u010dn\u00fa poz\u00edciu d\u00f4very. Uvedomte si, \u017ee va\u0161e rozhovory m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ovplyvni\u0165 rozhodnutia pacientov o o\u010dkovan\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pochopenie kore\u0148ov postojov va\u0161ich pacientov v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 v rozhovore. M\u00f4\u017eete si to predstavi\u0165 ako diagnostiku situ\u00e1cie, aby ste vedeli, ako k obave pacienta prist\u00fapi\u0165. U\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 techniky zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa kladenie otvoren\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok (napr. \u201eAk\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie by v\u00e1m pomohli pri rozhodovan\u00ed?\u201c) namiesto uzavret\u00fdch (\u201eM\u00f4\u017eem v\u00e1m poskytn\u00fa\u0165 nejak\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie?\u201c) a akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favanie s reflektovan\u00edm toho, \u010do pacient hovor\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existuj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, d\u00f4kazmi podlo\u017een\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby vyvracania m\u00fdtov o o\u010dkovan\u00ed pri zachovan\u00ed vz\u0165ahu. Vyh\u013eadajte \u0161kolenie t\u00fdchto techn\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 podporia va\u0161u sebad\u00f4veru a zru\u010dnosti pri veden\u00ed rozhovorov o o\u010dkovan\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mo\u017eno sa ob\u00e1vate, \u017ee dial\u00f3g s pacientmi zaberie viac \u010dasu, ne\u017e m\u00e1te k dispoz\u00edcii. Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy ako Empatick\u00fd refuta\u010dn\u00fd rozhovor pon\u00fakaj\u00fa techniky na \u010do najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie vyu\u017eitie rozhovoru aj v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch min\u00fat. Je lep\u0161ie budova\u0165 d\u00f4veru a pripravi\u0165 p\u00f4du pre bud\u00face diskusie, ako poskytova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 nebud\u00fa dobre prijat\u00e9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pravidelne si precvi\u010dujte komunika\u010dn\u00e9 techniky, ktor\u00e9 sa nau\u010d\u00edte \u2013 ich \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 sa zvy\u0161uje pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Translated by: Zuzana Dankulincova<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dawn Holford, University of Bristol, UK, Linda Karlsson, University of Turku, Finland, Frederike Taubert, Erfurt University, Germany, Emma C. Anderson, University of Bristol, UK, Virginia C. Gould, University of Bristol, UK Correcting misconceptions about vaccination Vaccination is one of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"<strong>By Dawn Holford, University of Bristol, UK, Linda Karlsson, University of Turku, Finland, Frederike Taubert, Erfurt University, Germany, Emma C. Anderson, University of Bristol, UK, Virginia C. Gould, University of Bristol, UK<\/strong>\n\n<strong>Correcting misconceptions about vaccination<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vaccination is one of the most successful tools of public health\u2014they have been estimated to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/24-04-2024-global-immunization-efforts-have-saved-at-least-154-million-lives-over-the-past-50-years\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">save 6 lives every minute<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. But vaccines have also faced public resistance, with persistent disinformation undermining public trust in vaccination, and posing a challenge for health workers with vaccination roles. How do health workers keep up with the flood of false narratives about vaccines? What can they say to patients who cite these narratives as reasons not to vaccinate themselves or their children?\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<!--more-->\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While it can be tempting to respond by citing the facts, correcting misconceptions about vaccines\u2014which are often fuelled by disinformation\u2014is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangecommunication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DebunkingHandbook2020.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not as simple as sharing more factual information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Take the example of a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5789217\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">long-debunked myth about vaccines and autism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: despite decades of research and extensive evidence that there is no link between the two, health workers continue to encounter this concern among parents. Myths like this are \u201csticky\u201d because <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2023-92406-002.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">they play on people\u2019s underlying fears, using strong narratives that appear intuitive at first glance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They can also be <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/counterhate.com\/research\/the-anti-vaxx-industry\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">weaponised by those with political agendas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to keep these myths circulating in public.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, what can health workers say to someone who holds a misconception about vaccines? It starts with understanding what motivates someone\u2019s beliefs. Let\u2019s imagine two parents, Tina and Tom. Both share a concern that their children\u2019s immune system will not cope with all the recommended vaccinations. This is another common misconception: the fact is that vaccines are only a tiny dose compared to the real disease. For Tom, the concern is motivated by his fear of adverse effects each vaccine might trigger. For Tina, the concern is motivated by her preference for her child to have strong \u201cnatural\u201d resistance to disease. These deeper drivers of the surface concern are known in psychology as \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2017-29745-009.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">attitude roots<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, and they can motivate people to cling to their misconceptions in the face of factual correction.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Often, we have a natural impulse to directly correct misconceptions we hear from others. However, research shows that when we first validate people\u2019s attitude roots, they are more <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">receptive to corrections of vaccine myths<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can increase their acceptance of vaccines. So, to address Tom\u2019s concern, we might want to first reassure him that it\u2019s normal to want to protect his child. In contrast, to address Tina\u2019s concern, it could be better to begin by acknowledging that it is generally good to avoid unnecessary medication. After connecting with them and building trust, we can continue with addressing their misconceptions and sharing more information about vaccination.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<strong>How can we prepare health workers for vaccine conversations?<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best way to address vaccine misconceptions is through tailored, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017142\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dialogue-based approaches<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. When people are able to speak to health workers whom they trust for medical advice, this can be <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010038.pub3\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">highly effective at raising vaccine uptake<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An example of such an approach is the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Empathetic Refutational Interview<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a four-step framework to structure vaccine conversations using evidence-based techniques described above to build trust and address misconceptions while respecting people\u2019s attitude roots. It was created by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JITSUVAX project<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and builds on other dialogue-based approaches, such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32281992\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motivational Interviewing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, engaging in respectful dialogue with patients about vaccination is not always easy. Health workers may <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/10497323251320921\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">worry about provoking conflict<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during the discussion. Many health workers <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11265004\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">do not receive training<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to prepare them for such conversations. In fact, where health workers receive training or guidance for this important role, it tends to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21645515.2024.2397875\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rely on an information-based approach<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of providing facts to patients\u2014which can actually be counterproductive. The JITSUVAX project interviewed health workers who described their need for specific support and strategies they can use to deal with patients\u2019 vaccine misconceptions.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JITSUVAX project<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> developed tools to support health workers to use the Empathetic Refutational Interview for vaccine conversations:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/welcome\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web resources<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help health workers understand 11 attitude roots that underlie vaccine misconceptions.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Jitsuvax-prospectus_english_digital_PDF-03-04-25.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guidance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on using the Empathetic Refutational Interview to improve vaccine conversations.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Training<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for health workers in the Empathetic Refutational Interview.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have run workshops with health workers in countries across Europe, who reported strong and lasting improvements after attending training in their skills and confidence for vaccine conversations. In Romania, health workers trained in the Empathetic Refutational Interview and Motivational Interviewing saw a larger increase in the number of vaccination appointments booked after their consultations, compared to untrained health workers.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our experience mirrors findings from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\/item\/24-05-2023-new-who-study-shows-health-workers-feel-more-confident-to-recommend-covid-19-vaccination-following-a-training-on-patient-communication\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Health Organization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that communication skills training for health workers helps build their confidence in having vaccine conversations and is a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9444894\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">worthwhile investment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<strong>Practical recommendations<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For practitioners:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a health worker, you hold a unique position of trust when it comes to medical advice. Recognise that your conversations can make the key difference in patients\u2019 vaccine decisions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding your patients\u2019 attitude roots can help you in the conversation. You might think of this as diagnosing the situation to know how to approach the patient\u2019s concerns. Techniques to help with this diagnostic step include asking questions that are open (e.g., \u201cWhat information would support your decision?\u201d) instead of closed (\u201cCan I give you some information?\u201d) and practising active listening by reflecting what the patient says.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are effective, evidence-based ways to correct vaccination myths while maintaining rapport. Seek out training in these techniques to support your confidence and skills to approach vaccine conversations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may be concerned that dialogue with patients takes more time than you have in a consultation. Communication approaches like the Empathetic Refutational Interview, provide techniques to maximise the conversation even if you only have a few minutes. It is better to build trust and lay the groundwork for future discussions than deliver information that will not be well-received.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep practising the communication skills and techniques you learn \u2013 these tend to improve the more you use them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,28,13,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory","category-communication","category-interventions","category-public-health"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4677"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4792,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4677\/revisions\/4792"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}