{"id":3047,"date":"2023-12-11T09:44:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T09:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=3047"},"modified":"2025-11-04T09:14:54","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T09:14:54","slug":"fancy-a-wee-walk-dyadic-behaviour-change-support-for-walking-after-stroke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2023\/12\/fancy-a-wee-walk-dyadic-behaviour-change-support-for-walking-after-stroke\/","title":{"rendered":"“M\u00e1\u0161 chu\u0165 na mal\u00fa prech\u00e1dzku?” – Dyadick\u00e1 podpora zmeny spr\u00e1vania pri ch\u00f4dzi po m\u0155tvici"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stephan Dombrowski, University of New Brunswick, Kanada<\/span><\/p>\n

Odkr\u00e1\u010da\u0165 smrti<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00f4dza je jednou z najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00edch foriem \u013eudsk\u00e9ho pohybu a je spojen\u00e1 s mno\u017estvom zdravotn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod. <\/span>D\u00f4kazy<\/span><\/a> nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed chodia viac, maj\u00fa men\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 pred\u010dasnej smrti, \u010do nazna\u010duje, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 odkr\u00e1\u010da\u0165 smrti (aspo\u0148 na chv\u00ed\u013eu).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00f4dza a m\u0155tvica<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00f4dza ako forma fyzickej aktivity je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pre jedincov s mozgovou pr\u00edhodou, <\/span>hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou invalidity dospel\u00fdch<\/span><\/a>. Pravideln\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 aktivita po m\u0155tvici m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu m\u0155tvice, pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri zotaven\u00ed a zlep\u0161i\u0165 celkov\u00e9 fungovanie, zdravie a pohodu. \u013dudia s cievnou mozgovou pr\u00edhodou v\u0161ak str\u00e1via pribli\u017ene <\/span>75% bdel\u00e9ho \u010dasu seden\u00edm<\/span><\/a>, \u010do je viac ako ich rovesn\u00edci rovnak\u00e9ho veku. Ch\u00f4dza je v\u0161ak jednou z najdostupnej\u0161\u00edch foriem fyzickej aktivity po mozgovej pr\u00edhode \u2013 <\/span>95% \u013eud\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee chodi\u0165 11 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov po mozgovej pr\u00edhode<\/span><\/a>. Okrem toho je ch\u00f4dza <\/span>preferovanou formou fyzickej aktivity pre \u013eud\u00ed s mozgovou pr\u00edhodou<\/span><\/a>, ktor\u00ed ju pova\u017euj\u00fa za dostupn\u00fa, pr\u00edjemn\u00fa a \u010dasto spolo\u010densk\u00fa. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou je, ako podpori\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed s m\u0155tvicou, aby viac chodili?<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nikdy nebude\u0161 kr\u00e1\u010da\u0165 s\u00e1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ak\u00fatna zdravotn\u00e1 pr\u00edhoda, akou je m\u0155tvica, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 zni\u010duj\u00faci dopad na osobu a jej bl\u00edzkych, vr\u00e1tane man\u017eela \u010di man\u017eelky, rodinn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov a priate\u013eov. V n\u00e1ro\u010dnom \u017eivotnom obdob\u00ed, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad udalosti s\u00favisiace so zdrav\u00edm, sa <\/span>\u013eudia zvy\u010dajne navz\u00e1jom podporuj\u00fa<\/span><\/a>, aby si vz\u00e1jomne pomohli vyrovna\u0165 sa s dopadom udalosti a procesom regener\u00e1cie. <\/span>D\u00f4kazy<\/span><\/a> nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee \u013eudia s m\u0155tvicou, ktor\u00ed po m\u0155tvici \u00faspe\u0161ne (znovu) zaviedli do svojho \u017eivota fyzick\u00fa aktivitu, ako je ch\u00f4dza, mali tendenciu ma\u0165 aj podporu partnera. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee podporn\u00ed partneri \u010dasto intuit\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 techniky, ako je <\/span>stanovovanie cie\u013eov<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>monitorovanie cie\u013eov<\/span><\/a> a sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba, aby pomohli \u013eu\u010fom s mozgovou pr\u00edhodou zapoji\u0165 sa do ch\u00f4dze prostredn\u00edctvom spolo\u010dn\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt. <\/span>Kvalitat\u00edvny v\u00fdskum<\/span><\/a> uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pomocou t\u00fdchto pr\u00edstupov sa partneri sna\u017eia obnovi\u0165 ch\u00f4dzu, aby u\u013eah\u010dili \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na spolo\u010dn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 si spolo\u010dne u\u017e\u00edvali pred mozgovou pr\u00edhodou. Tieto pr\u00edstupy m\u00f4\u017eeme op\u00edsa\u0165 ako \u201edyadick\u00e9 intervencie\u201c, kde sa dvaja \u013eudia (osoba s m\u0155tvicou a rodinn\u00fd pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk) sna\u017eia dosiahnu\u0165 jeden cie\u013e (zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho ch\u00f4dzou). K\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou je, \u010di m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 sp\u00f4sob, ktor\u00fdm zabezpe\u010d\u00edme, \u017ee bud\u00fa dyadick\u00e9 intervencie \u010dastej\u0161ie a systematickej\u0161ie?<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eitie \u201etoho, \u010do funguje\u201c\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Aby sa systematicky vyu\u017eili priazniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky dyadick\u00fdch procesov na podporu zmien, bola vyvinut\u00e1 12-t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov\u00e1 intervencia \u2013 nazvan\u00e1 \u201cWe Walk\u201d \u010di\u017ee \u201cMy kr\u00e1\u010dame\u201d \u2013 zameran\u00e1 na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho ch\u00f4dzou po m\u0155tvici. \u201c<\/span>We Walk\u201d bolo starostlivo vyvinut\u00e9<\/span><\/a> na z\u00e1klade princ\u00edpov zameran\u00fdch na \u010dloveka a psychologickej te\u00f3rie a spojil vy\u0161kolen\u00e9ho facilit\u00e1tora, \u201eprech\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho kamar\u00e1ta\u201c a \u010dloveka s mozgovou pr\u00edhodou, aby sa spolo\u010dne stretli osobne a\/alebo na dia\u013eku cez telef\u00f3n a pre\u0161li \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdmi aktivitami a technikami, ako je <\/span>nastavenie cie\u013ea<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>pl\u00e1novanie akci\u00ed<\/span><\/a> a monitorovanie,. Zistilo sa, \u017ee takto napl\u00e1novan\u00e1 <\/span>intervencia<\/span><\/a> bola pomerne dobre uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e1. Pre \u201eprech\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho kamar\u00e1ta\u201c ako aj \u010dloveka s mozgovou pr\u00edhodou bolo prijate\u013en\u00e9 podporova\u0165 ch\u00f4dzu vonku, \u010do pod\u010diarkuje potenci\u00e1l dyadickej intervencie na podporu zmeny spr\u00e1vania. Ke\u010f\u017ee st\u00e1le prebieha \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum s cie\u013eom spresni\u0165 a otestova\u0165 intervenciu, ak\u00e9 ponau\u010denia mo\u017eno vyvodi\u0165 v tejto f\u00e1ze?<\/span><\/p>\n

Dyadick\u00e9 intervencie \u2013 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 a komplexn\u00e9<\/b><\/p>\n

Dyadick\u00e9 intervencie prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa komplexnos\u0165, preto\u017ee sa zameriavaj\u00fa na viacer\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a zvy\u010dajne stavaj\u00fa na existuj\u00facich vz\u0165ahoch medzi nimi. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie existuj\u00facich vz\u0165ahov m\u00e1 mnoho v\u00fdhod, ale z\u00e1vis\u00ed od typu vz\u0165ahu, ktor\u00fd dy\u00e1dy medzi sebou maj\u00fa. Patria sem aspekty vz\u0165ahov, ako je d\u00f4vera, \u010destnos\u0165, re\u0161pekt a komunika\u010dn\u00e9 vzorce. Tieto stavy s\u00fa \u010dasto mimo kontroly dyadickej intervencie. Napr\u00edklad niektor\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci intervencie \u201cWe Walk\u201d zd\u00f4raznili tenk\u00fa hranicu medzi povzbudzovan\u00edm a otravovan\u00edm \u2013 \u010do mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za opakovan\u00e9 pripomenutie, aby ste vykonali cie\u013eov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie bez hmatate\u013en\u00e9ho pokroku. Hoci otravovanie nie je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou <\/span>taxon\u00f3mie techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania<\/span><\/a>, ani nebolo zahrnut\u00e9 ako technika vo \u201cWe Walk\u201d, strat\u00e9gia poskytovania soci\u00e1lnej opory sa m\u00f4\u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00fdch kontextoch na otravovanie zmeni\u0165. Preto je potrebn\u00e9, aby intervencie dyadickej zmeny spr\u00e1vania venovali ve\u013ek\u00fa pozornos\u0165 tomu, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee soci\u00e1lna opora nap\u013a\u0148a osobn\u00e9 potreby osoby s cievnou mozgovou pr\u00edhodou, aby sa maximalizoval potenci\u00e1l tohto typu intervencie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ch\u00f4dza k zdraviu a pre\u010d od smrti:<\/b> Ch\u00f4dza ako forma dostupnej fyzickej aktivity je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 u mnoh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa fyzick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, a mohla by by\u0165 jednou z prv\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 treba zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165, najm\u00e4 u t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa neakt\u00edvni.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Venujte sa efekt\u00edvnej praxi \u201ev re\u00e1lnom svete\u201c:<\/b> \u013dudia \u010dasto intuit\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa efekt\u00edvne techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania a venovanie pozornosti tomu, \u010do funguje v \u201ere\u00e1lnom svete\u201c, m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 ostatn\u00fdm.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Systematizovan\u00e1 intu\u00edcia:<\/b> Rozv\u00edjanie intervenci\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na systematizuj\u00facich postupoch, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa ostatn\u00fdm, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0161\u00edri\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie \u010falej. Spolupr\u00e1ca s dy\u00e1dami na dohadovan\u00e9 a ods\u00fahlasen\u00ed spolo\u010dn\u00fdch cie\u013eov v oblasti ch\u00f4dze a spolo\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie toho, ako bud\u00fa ciele dosahovan\u00e9, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom pre zdravotn\u00edckych pracovn\u00edkov pri u\u013eah\u010dovan\u00ed zmeny spr\u00e1vania.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Existuj\u00faci vz\u0165ah m\u00f4\u017ee u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 alebo ohrozi\u0165 pokusy o zmenu: <\/b>Podporn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy ukazuj\u00fa vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa anga\u017eovanos\u0165, podporu a re\u0161pekt jeden k druh\u00e9mu, ochotu spoluvytv\u00e1ra\u0165 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na prech\u00e1dzky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ale zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, flexibiln\u00e9 a schopn\u00e9 prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa schopnostiam osoby s mozgovou pr\u00edhodou .<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Podporujte sa spolo\u010dne:<\/b> \u201ePrech\u00e1dzkov\u00ed kamar\u00e1ti\u201c by v\u00e1m mali pom\u00f4c\u0165 vybra\u0165 si zmyslupln\u00e9 ciele, na ktor\u00fdch by mohli stava\u0165. Napr\u00edklad \u00eds\u0165 pe\u0161o do supermarketu alebo prejs\u0165 sa po parku bolo pre niektor\u00fdch zmysluplnej\u0161ie v porovnan\u00ed so stanoven\u00fdm po\u010dtom krokov za de\u0148 a pomohlo to rozv\u00edja\u0165 a udr\u017eiava\u0165 motiv\u00e1ciu, najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee krokomery a in\u00e9 zariadenia na nosenie \u010dasto pre t\u00fato popul\u00e1ciu nefunguj\u00fa dobre.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [Prelo\u017eila Zuzana Dankulincov\u00e1]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Stephan Dombrowski, University of New Brunswick, Canada Walking away from death Walking is one of the most basic forms of human movement and is associated with a plethora of health benefits. Evidence suggests that those who walk more, are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3069,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,59,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goal-setting","category-physical-activity","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3047"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4543,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047\/revisions\/4543"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}