{"id":2828,"date":"2023-05-29T08:57:36","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T08:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2828"},"modified":"2025-11-04T09:18:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T09:18:14","slug":"bringing-behaviour-change-techniques-into-practice-making-use-of-available-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2023\/05\/bringing-behaviour-change-techniques-into-practice-making-use-of-available-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Zavedenie techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania do praxe: Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie dostupn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Marta Moreira Marques, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugalsko<\/strong><\/p>\n

Techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania s\u00fa stavebn\u00fdmi kame\u0148mi intervenci\u00ed na zmenu spr\u00e1vania. \u010ci u\u017e sa sna\u017e\u00edte niekomu pom\u00f4c\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 fyzick\u00fa aktivitu, presta\u0165 faj\u010di\u0165 alebo lep\u0161ie dodr\u017eiava\u0165 lie\u010debn\u00fd re\u017eim, techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania s\u00fa n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1te k dispoz\u00edcii. Be\u017en\u00e9 techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa veci ako stanovovanie cie\u013eov<\/a>, sebamonitorovanie<\/a>, poskytovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o spr\u00e1van\u00ed a zvl\u00e1danie em\u00f3ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci pravdepodobne v praxi pou\u017eili r\u00f4zne techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania bez toho, aby ich takto ozna\u010dili. Aby sme v\u0161ak maxim\u00e1lne efekt\u00edvne pomohli klientom alebo pacientom zmeni\u0165 ich spr\u00e1vanie, je potrebn\u00e9 techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania aplikova\u0165 systematicky a racion\u00e1lne (pozri napr. star\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edspevok v tomto blogu \u201eAko nastavi\u0165 ciele, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa<\/a>\u201c). To predstavuje dve n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky pre zanepr\u00e1zdnen\u00fdch praktizuj\u00facich:<\/p>\n

– Ako zist\u00edm, ak\u00e9 techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania m\u00e1m k dispoz\u00edcii?<\/p>\n

– Ktor\u00e9 techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania s\u00fa pre mojich klientov najvhodnej\u0161ie a ako ich m\u00f4\u017eem aplikova\u0165 v praxi<\/p>\n

Tento pr\u00edspevok poskytuje preh\u013ead niektor\u00fdch bezplatn\u00fdch a dostupn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 odborn\u00edkom rie\u0161i\u0165 tieto ot\u00e1zky a c\u00edti\u0165 sa istej\u0161ie pri poskytovan\u00ed intervenci\u00ed na zmenu spr\u00e1vania v praxi.<\/p>\n

\u010cas\u0165 1. Identifik\u00e1cia dostupn\u00fdch techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania: Klasifika\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preto\u017ee existuje ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010det techn\u00edk na zmenu spr\u00e1vania, z ktor\u00fdch si m\u00f4\u017eete vybra\u0165, behavior\u00e1lni vedci sa sna\u017eili vyvin\u00fa\u0165 klasifika\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my t\u00fdchto techn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Pravdepodobne najkomplexnej\u0161iou a najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161ou klasifik\u00e1ciou je Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy v1<\/a> vyvinut\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00edkmi z Center for Behavior Change. T\u00e1to taxon\u00f3mia obsahuje 93 jedine\u010dn\u00fdch techn\u00edk ozna\u010den\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtkom, defin\u00edciou a praktick\u00fdmi pr\u00edkladmi. Preto\u017ee sa t\u00e1to taxon\u00f3mia vo ve\u013ekej miere pou\u017e\u00edva, je relat\u00edvne \u013eahk\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 synt\u00e9zu naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch a najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch techn\u00edk pre r\u00f4zne zdravotn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vania, kontexty a popul\u00e1cie. T\u00e1to taxon\u00f3mia sa preklad\u00e1 do in\u00fdch jazykov, aby sa u\u013eah\u010dilo jej pou\u017e\u00edvanie odborn\u00edkmi na celom svete. Centrum pre zmenu spr\u00e1vania m\u00e1 online<\/a> datab\u00e1zu intervenci\u00ed pomocou taxon\u00f3mie, online \u0161kolenia<\/a>, aplik\u00e1ciu pre smartf\u00f3ny<\/a> a \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje na z\u00edskanie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho existuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie klasifika\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti od cie\u013ea intervencie. Ak je hlavn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delom podpori\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed pri v\u00fdbere vhodn\u00fdch techn\u00edk, napr\u00edklad v kontexte sebamana\u017ement chronick\u00e9ho ochorenia, m\u00f4\u017eete si pozrie\u0165 preh\u013ead 123 techn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd sa dod\u00e1va so s\u00fapravou n\u00e1strojov<\/a> popisuj\u00facich techniky a sp\u00f4soby ich pou\u017eitia v laickom jazyku.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010cas\u0165 2. Implement\u00e1cia techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania v praxi: R\u00e1mce kompetenci\u00ed a \u0161kolenie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jedna ot\u00e1zka, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165 pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed prvej \u010dasti tohto blogu, je \u201eOK, teraz viem, ako z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k t\u00fdmto n\u00e1strojom, aby som zistil \u010di zistila, ktor\u00e9 techniky s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii, ale ako zist\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 z nich by sa mali pou\u017ei\u0165, a ako ich implementova\u0165?”. V skuto\u010dnosti si poskytovanie podpory zmeny spr\u00e1vania a implement\u00e1cia techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania vy\u017eaduje rovnak\u00fa odbornos\u0165, znalosti a prax\u00a0 ako odpor\u00fa\u010danie a implement\u00e1cia ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek in\u00e9ho typu terapeutick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja.<\/p>\n

Identifik\u00e1ciu kompetenci\u00ed potrebn\u00fdch na pou\u017e\u00edvanie r\u00f4znych s\u00faborov techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 v na kompetencie zameran\u00fdch teoretick\u00fdch r\u00e1mcoch. V eur\u00f3pskom kontexte bol vyvinut\u00fd komplexn\u00fd r\u00e1mec medziodborov\u00fdch kompetenci\u00ed<\/a> pre zdravotn\u00edkov a in\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov na podporu zmeny spr\u00e1vania a sebamana\u017ementu chronick\u00fdch chor\u00f4b. Tento r\u00e1mec poskytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00fd s\u00fabor kompetenci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na podporu zmeny spr\u00e1vania a identifik\u00e1ciu naju\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch techn\u00edk na zmenu spr\u00e1vania, ako je strava, fyzick\u00e1 aktivita a dodr\u017eiavanie liekov.<\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci tejto iniciat\u00edvy (projekt Train4Health EU<\/a>) boli vytvoren\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/p>\n

– Online kurz<\/a> na poskytovanie \u0161kolen\u00ed pre zdravotn\u00edkov a in\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov a \u0161tudentov o tom, ako poskytn\u00fa\u0165 podporu pri zmene spr\u00e1vania (vr\u00e1tane pou\u017eitia techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania) na sebamana\u017ement chronick\u00fdch stavov;<\/p>\n

– Webov\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia<\/a> pon\u00fakaj\u00faca bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie na podporu tr\u00e9novania zmeny spr\u00e1vania, v ktorej pou\u017e\u00edvatelia hraj\u00fa rolu zdravotn\u00edka alebo in\u00e9ho profesion\u00e1la a interaguj\u00fa s 2D virtu\u00e1lnymi \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed hraj\u00fa rolu os\u00f4b s chronick\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm;<\/p>\n

– Kniha <\/a>pr\u00edkladov a pokynov na implement\u00e1ciu t\u00fdchto techn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. N\u00e1jdite si \u010das na obozn\u00e1menie sa s technikami zmeny spr\u00e1vania: <\/strong>Zvl\u00e1dnutie pou\u017e\u00edvania techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania vr\u00e1tane toho, ktor\u00e9 techniky by sa mali pou\u017ei\u0165 v r\u00f4znych situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 obrovsk\u00fd vplyv na u\u013eah\u010denie a zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00faspechu podpory zmeny spr\u00e1vania aj pri kr\u00e1tkych stretnutiach s klientmi. Vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte si to vlastn\u00fdm tempom.<\/li>\n
  2. Identifikujte pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na \u0161kolenie o tom, ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 techniky zmeny spr\u00e1vania:<\/strong> Zdroje poskytnut\u00e9 tu v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 za\u010da\u0165, ale t\u00fdm to nekon\u010d\u00ed. Pokra\u010dova\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eete bu\u010f prostredn\u00edctvom organizovania intern\u00e9ho \u0161kolenia, alebo osloven\u00edm profesion\u00e1lnych zdru\u017een\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1s vybav\u00ed zru\u010dnos\u0165ami na pou\u017e\u00edvanie techn\u00edk zmeny spr\u00e1vania v praxi. V niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch u\u017e existuj\u00fa \u0161kolenia a in\u00e9 zdroje dostupn\u00e9 od odborn\u00fdch a akademick\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed. M\u00f4\u017eete sa tie\u017e obr\u00e1ti\u0165 na n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch deleg\u00e1tov Eur\u00f3pskej spolo\u010dnosti pre psychol\u00f3giu zdravia<\/a>, ak chcete z\u00edska\u0165 viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o mo\u017enostiach odbornej pr\u00edpravy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 vo va\u0161ej krajine.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [Prelo\u017eila Zuzana Dankulincov\u00e1]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Marta Moreira Marques, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal Behaviour change techniques are the building blocks of behavior change interventions. Whether you are trying to help someone increase their physical activity, stop smoking or better adhere to a medication regimen, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2828"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4547,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2828\/revisions\/4547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}