{"id":2526,"date":"2022-08-25T11:45:13","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T11:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2526"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:00:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:00:49","slug":"2526","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2022\/08\/2526\/","title":{"rendered":"Straten\u00e9 (a n\u00e1jden\u00e9) v preklade: Efekt\u00edvna komunik\u00e1cia s pacientmi\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zuzana Dankulincov\u00e1, Univerzita Pavla Jozefa \u0160af\u00e1rika v Ko\u0161iciach, Slovensko<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov si uvedomuje, \u017ee \u0161\u00edrenie v\u00fdsledkov v\u00fdskumu je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ich etickej zodpovednosti vo\u010di \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom v\u00fdskumu (a \u017eel\u00e1 si, aby v\u00fdsledky ich v\u00fdskumu mali jasn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky), posun od povedomia k rozsiahlej <\/span>implement\u00e1cii vedeck\u00fdch poznatkov m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 dlho<\/span><\/a>. Vedeck\u00e9 poznatky nie s\u00fa v\u017edy aplikovan\u00e9 v ka\u017edodennej praxi; a ak s\u00fa, zvy\u010dajne sa to nerob\u00ed d\u00f4sledne alebo systematicky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa to deje? Obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed, intervenci\u00ed a odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 treba dodr\u017eiava\u0165, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre poskytovate\u013eov zdravotnej starostlivosti zahlcuj\u00face. Pri prehodnocovan\u00ed d\u00f4kazov a odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed myslite na to, nako\u013eko <\/span>relevantn\u00e9 s\u00fa d\u00f4kazy pre va\u0161e podmienky<\/span><\/a>. Je kontext op\u00edsan\u00fd v odpor\u00fa\u010daniach z v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed porovnate\u013en\u00fd s va\u0161\u00edm? M\u00e1te to, \u010do potrebujete na implement\u00e1ciu odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed, alebo v\u00e1m ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 zdroje a zru\u010dnosti? Maj\u00fa va\u0161i pacienti to, \u010do potrebuj\u00fa na implement\u00e1ciu odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed? Ani t\u00e1 najlep\u0161ie navrhnut\u00e1 a najs\u013eubnej\u0161ia intervencia nebude \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, ak nebude \u201epasova\u0165\u201c va\u0161im pacientom a prostrediu. Napr\u00edklad by mohlo by\u0165 problematick\u00e9 odporu\u010di\u0165 online intervenciu pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa smartf\u00f3ny \u010di po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, alebo pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa n\u00edzku digit\u00e1lnu gramotnos\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm rozhoduj\u00facim aspektom pri transfere poznatkov je interakcia medzi t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed poznatky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa (napr. pacienti) a t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed poznatky vlastnia a zdie\u013eaj\u00fa (napr. zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci). Bez oh\u013eadu na to, ako dobre komunikujeme na\u0161e odpor\u00fa\u010dania, nepovedie to k po\u017eadovan\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku, ak to nebude pre pacienta relevantn\u00e9 alebo u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9. Po\u010d\u00favanie je z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou transferu vedomost\u00ed. \u010clovek, ktor\u00fd je vypo\u010dut\u00fd, m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017ei\u0165 svoje poznatky a vidie\u0165 veci z novej perspekt\u00edvy. <\/span>\u010c\u00edm lep\u0161ie na\u010d\u00favame pacientom a klientom<\/span><\/a>, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie budeme schopn\u00ed naplni\u0165 ich potreby a t\u00fdm viac zvy\u0161uje \u0161anca, \u017ee bud\u00fa na\u0161e poznatky prij\u00edman\u00e9, akceptovan\u00e9 a \u017ee sa pod\u013ea nich bude v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku i kona\u0165. Aby ste to dosiahli, akt\u00edvne po\u010d\u00favajte, \u010do v\u00e1\u0161 pacient hovor\u00ed, bez toho, aby ste mu vnucovali vlastn\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1vania, a poskytnite pacientovi dostatok \u010dasu bez preru\u0161enia. Ak je to mo\u017en\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvajte otvoren\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, prisp\u00f4sobte sa \u00farovni zdravotnej gramotnosti v\u00e1\u0161ho pacienta a vyhnite sa pou\u017e\u00edvaniu lek\u00e1rskej terminol\u00f3gie. Ak je potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 lek\u00e1rsky \u017earg\u00f3n, skontrolujte, \u010di mu pacient rozumie, a ak nie, vysvetlite pou\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Okrem toho by ste sa mali <\/span>sp\u00fdta\u0165 seba<\/span><\/a> a <\/span>svojho pacienta alebo klienta<\/span><\/a> na faktory, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu br\u00e1ni\u0165 v \u00faspe\u0161nom vykonan\u00ed konkr\u00e9tnej intervencie alebo m\u00f4\u017eu br\u00e1ni\u0165 pacientovi v \u00faspe\u0161nej implement\u00e1cii intervencie. Ak chcete \u00faspe\u0161ne implementova\u0165 zmenu, opatrenie alebo intervenciu, mali by ste vopred zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 mo\u017en\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry. Aj ke\u010f pravdepodobne nebudete m\u00f4c\u0165 vymenova\u0165 v\u0161etky z nich, uistite sa, \u017ee m\u00e1te s pacientom dostatok \u010dasu na to, aby ste prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eali o tom, \u010do sa m\u00f4\u017ee pokazi\u0165, pre\u010do a ako tomu mo\u017eno pred\u00eds\u0165 alebo ako dan\u00fd probl\u00e9m vyrie\u0161i\u0165. Napr\u00edklad, ak sa v\u00e1\u0161 pacient rozhodne uskuto\u010dni\u0165 zmeny v svojom stravovan\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 sa o tom, \u010di si pacient priprav\u00ed jedlo alebo \u010di sa bude stravova\u0165 v re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch alebo jed\u00e1l\u0148ach. Ak si bude jedlo pripravova\u0165 doma, m\u00e1 na to dostatok \u010dasu? Ak m\u00e1 \u010dasu m\u00e1lo, ako sa to d\u00e1 vyrie\u0161i\u0165? Ak sa pl\u00e1nuje stravova\u0165 v re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch alebo jed\u00e1l\u0148ach, m\u00e1 r\u00f4zne vhodn\u00e9 jedl\u00e1? V\u017edy je dobr\u00e9 spolo\u010dne zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 r\u00f4zne scen\u00e1re, \u00fa\u010delne pos\u00fadi\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my alebo povzbudi\u0165 pacienta, aby to urobil s\u00e1m ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 pl\u00e1novania.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ke\u010f je pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 intervencia vybran\u00e1 a prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 tak, aby vyhovovala v\u00e1\u0161mu pacientovi a kontextu, ber\u00fac do \u00favahy potenci\u00e1lne bari\u00e9ry, je \u010das ju implementova\u0165. Pl\u00e1nujte intervenciu \u010do najjasnej\u0161ie a najstru\u010dnej\u0161ie. Napr\u00edklad, ak chcete povzbudi\u0165 pacienta, aby vytvoril ak\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na cvi\u010denie, povzbu\u010fte ho, aby \u0161pecifikoval, kedy, kde a ako to urobi\u0165. D\u00f4kazy nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee k zmene pravdepodobnej\u0161ie d\u00f4jde v <\/span>pr\u00edpade pl\u00e1novanej\u0161\u00edch a cielenej\u0161\u00edch intervenci\u00ed<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Implement\u00e1cia nie je koniec, mus\u00edte vedie\u0165, \u010di intervencia funguje. Posledn\u00fdm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm krokom je z\u00edskanie sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby spolu s hodnoten\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 by ste mohli vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy v bud\u00facnosti. Uistite sa, \u017ee sledujete svojich pacientov, p\u00fdtajte sa ich na ich pokrok, na to, \u010do pre nich funguje, a ak maj\u00fa probl\u00e9my s dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed alebo dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm intervenci\u00ed, prediskutujte s nimi, \u010do by mohlo sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 probl\u00e9my a ak\u00e9 rie\u0161enia by mohli zavies\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. N\u00e1jdite poznatky relevantn\u00e9 pre va\u0161e prostredie<\/b> \u2013 n\u00e1jdite svoj zdroj relevantn\u00fdch a platn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a pos\u00fa\u010fte relevantnos\u0165 a vhodnos\u0165 zisten\u00ed pre va\u0161ich pacientov a v\u00e1\u0161 kontext.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Komunikujte efekt\u00edvne<\/b> \u2013 otvorte efekt\u00edvnu interakciu a komunika\u010dn\u00fd kan\u00e1l so svojimi pacientmi a po\u010d\u00favajte bez toho, aby ste im vnucovali svoje predstavy o tom, \u010do va\u0161i pacienti potrebuj\u00fa.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Zamyslite sa a p\u00fdtajte sa na prek\u00e1\u017eky<\/b> \u2013 spolu s pacientom prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eajte o tom, \u010do sa m\u00f4\u017ee pokazi\u0165, pre\u010do a ako sa tomu d\u00e1 predch\u00e1dza\u0165.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Pl\u00e1nujte svoju intervenciu jasne a stru\u010dne<\/b> \u2013 zmena nastane sk\u00f4r, ak je intervencia pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 a konkr\u00e9tne zameran\u00e1.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Z\u00edskajte sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu<\/b> \u2013 zbierajte inform\u00e1cie o tom, ako intervencia prebieha, a uistite sa, \u017ee ju pou\u017eijete na zlep\u0161enie v bud\u00facnosti.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [Prelo\u017eila Zuzana Dankulincov\u00e1]<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Zuzana Dankulincova, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Slovakia While most researchers are aware that disseminating study results is part of their ethical responsibility to research participants (and wish for their research findings to have clear, practical implications), the transition from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2530,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2526"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4557,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526\/revisions\/4557"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}