{"id":2485,"date":"2022-06-01T11:38:22","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T11:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2485"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:02:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:02:20","slug":"linking-the-elephant-to-the-rider-the-role-of-motivation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2022\/06\/linking-the-elephant-to-the-rider-the-role-of-motivation\/","title":{"rendered":"Spojenie slona s jazdcom: \u00daloha motiv\u00e1cie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ant\u00f3nio Labisa Palmeira, CIDEFES – Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Portugalsko; ISBNPA V\u00fdkonn\u00fd riadite\u013e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dlhodob\u00e1 motiv\u00e1cia pre spr\u00e1vanie s\u00favisiace so zdrav\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee poch\u00e1dza\u0165 z r\u00f4znych zdrojov. Vedci zaoberaj\u00faci sa spr\u00e1van\u00edm sa st\u00e1le sna\u017eia zisti\u0165, ako tieto zdroje do seba zapadaj\u00fa. Napr\u00edklad beh\u00e1vam takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 a rob\u00edm to u\u017e viac ako 30 rokov. Ako a pre\u010do som si zachoval tento n\u00e1vyk?<\/span><\/p>\n

Daniel Kahnemann<\/span><\/a> by nazna\u010dil, \u017ee v hre s\u00fa du\u00e1lne motiva\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my: syst\u00e9m 1, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 in\u0161tinktmi a em\u00f3ciami, a syst\u00e9m 2, ktor\u00fd je poradn\u00fd a vedom\u00fd. Mohol by argumentova\u0165, \u017ee syst\u00e9m 2 ma vyz\u00fdva, aby som behal, preto\u017ee som si vedom\u00fd zdravotn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod cvi\u010denia. Na druhej strane, <\/span>Ed Deci<\/span><\/a> by mohol nazna\u010di\u0165, \u017ee som vn\u00fatorne motivovan\u00fd beha\u0165 a robi\u0165 to, preto\u017ee je to v s\u00falade s mojimi hodnotami a preto\u017ee ma to bav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ktor\u00e1 z t\u00fdchto mo\u017enost\u00ed je spr\u00e1vna? Tvrdil by som, \u017ee spr\u00e1vne s\u00fa obe a \u017ee nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch te\u00f3ri\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e kritick\u00fdch pri vysvet\u013eovan\u00ed udr\u017eiavania spr\u00e1vania. Ako tieto te\u00f3rie spolupracuj\u00fa a ako ich m\u00f4\u017eeme vyu\u017ei\u0165 v ka\u017edodennej praxi? Napr\u00edklad, ako m\u00f4\u017eu syst\u00e9my 1 a 2 efekt\u00edvne navz\u00e1jom zdie\u013ea\u0165 inform\u00e1cie? Pochopen\u00edm t\u00fdchto mechanizmov m\u00f4\u017eeme pom\u00f4c\u0165 pacientom v snahe udr\u017ea\u0165 si zdrav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Budem tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee tu hr\u00e1 \u00falohu vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 motiv\u00e1cia a na presk\u00famanie tejto my\u0161lienky pou\u017eijem Haidtov pr\u00edbeh <\/span>Slon a jazdec<\/span><\/a>. Haidtova metafora je v s\u00falade s vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdm modelom du\u00e1lneho spracovania, v ktorom sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee slon je n\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m 1, fyziologicky riaden\u00fd, in\u0161tinkt\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje spr\u00e1vanie a vyu\u017e\u00edva implicitn\u00e9 (podvedom\u00e9) inform\u00e1cie. Jazdec je n\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m 2, poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd kladmi vs. z\u00e1pormi, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva explicitn\u00e9 (vedom\u00e9) inform\u00e1cie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ke\u010f je jazdec zm\u00e4ten\u00fd v tom, ktor\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia je najlep\u0161ia, slon vtrhne dovn\u00fatra a in\u0161tinkt\u00edvne urob\u00ed svoju vec. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f\u017ee sa slon vyvinul v \u00e9re nedostatku, bude v\u00e1s to n\u00fati\u0165 vyu\u017ei\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na konzum\u00e1ciu vysokokalorick\u00fdch jed\u00e1l alebo obmedzi\u0165 n\u00e1mahu na minimum. Dnes, v dobe hojnosti, je to problematick\u00e9, preto\u017ee jazdec je zavalen\u00fd protichodn\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami o tom, ako riadi\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie s\u00favisiace so zdrav\u00edm. Len si pomyslite, ko\u013eko r\u00f4znych di\u00e9t je k dispoz\u00edcii… Tento prebytok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed prispieva k rozvoju nezdrav\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov, ako je prejedanie sa a fyzick\u00e1 ne\u010dinnos\u0165. N\u00e1vyky s\u00fa automatickou odpove\u010fou na pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 podnety a zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u00falohu v <\/span>behavior\u00e1lnej v\u00fd\u017eive a fyzickej aktivite<\/span><\/a>. Napr\u00edklad, s viac ako <\/span>220 rozhodnutiami denne o samotnom jedle<\/span><\/a>, lep\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvame n\u00e1vyky, aby sme sa vyhli paral\u00fdze rozhodovania (t. j. \u017eiadnemu rozhodnutiu kv\u00f4li mno\u017estvu dostupn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed) a nak\u0155mili sa nie\u010d\u00edm, aj ke\u010f to nie je t\u00e1 najzdrav\u0161ia vo\u013eba.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u013ekou ot\u00e1zkou teda je, ako si m\u00f4\u017eeme vytvori\u0165 zdrav\u0161ie n\u00e1vyky?<\/b><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru n\u00e1m digit\u00e1lne zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 vytvori\u0165 zdrav\u0161ie n\u00e1vyky. Napr\u00edklad v r\u00e1mci <\/span>projektu NoHoW<\/span><\/a> na\u0161a skupina vyvinula aplik\u00e1ciu prepojen\u00fa s inteligentn\u00fdmi hodinkami a in\u00fdmi nosite\u013en\u00fdmi zariadeniami, ktor\u00e9 neust\u00e1le zbierali \u00fadaje o \u201eslo\u0148om \u201c (t. j. telesnom) stave \u013eud\u00ed. Aplik\u00e1cia potom tieto inform\u00e1cie explicitne a priamo spr\u00edstupnila \u013eu\u010fom na zobrazenie. V\u00fdsledkom bolo, \u017ee to dalo \u201cjazdcovi\u201d nov\u00fd zdroj: sebamonitorovanie d\u00e1t streamovan\u00fdch z telesn\u00fdch stavov. Tento zdroj mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na obohatenie samoregula\u010dn\u00fdch procesov a <\/span>motiv\u00e1cie<\/span><\/a> k zdrav\u0161iemu spr\u00e1vaniu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pon\u00faknu\u0165 jazdcovi z prvej ruky inform\u00e1cie o tom, \u010do slon za\u017e\u00edva, umo\u017e\u0148uje \u013eu\u010fom vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 prepojenia medzi ich vlastn\u00fdm spr\u00e1van\u00edm a ich hodnotami, presved\u010deniami a cie\u013emi. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f beh\u00e1m, moje telo mi hovor\u00ed, \u017ee sa c\u00edtim siln\u00fd a pln\u00fd energie. Ke\u010f potom po behu skontrolujem svoje inteligentn\u00e9 hodinky, vid\u00edm, \u017ee som za ten de\u0148 urobil 10 000 krokov. V tomto pr\u00edpade m\u00f4j jazdec c\u00edti, \u017ee m\u00e1 situ\u00e1ciu pod kontrolou, ke\u010f\u017ee slon a jazdec s\u00fa zos\u00faladen\u00ed a moja myse\u013e vytv\u00e1ra spojenie medzi pocitom sily a energie a podnikan\u00edm \u010fal\u0161\u00edch krokov. To posil\u0148uje vzorec spr\u00e1vania.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prepojenie \u00fadajov z nosite\u013en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed s vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi somatick\u00fdmi a emocion\u00e1lnymi stavmi \u013eud\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 tieto \u00fa\u010dinky:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Jazdec a slon bud\u00fa viac zos\u00faladen\u00ed, a t\u00fdm u\u013eah\u010dia udr\u017eiavanie spr\u00e1vania.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Ke\u010f jazdec a slon nie s\u00fa zos\u00faladen\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee to podnieti\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, aby prehodnotili (\u00fa\u010dinky) svojich vzorcov spr\u00e1vania.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Zdrav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 viac internalizovan\u00fdm (t. j. toto spr\u00e1vanie sa stane s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou va\u0161ej identity a bude integrovan\u00e9 s t\u00fdm, \u010do ste a \u010do rob\u00edte).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    S oh\u013eadom na to je odpove\u010f na to, ako a pre\u010do som si udr\u017eal beh viac ako 30 rokov, jasnej\u0161ia: Beh\u00e1m, preto\u017ee m\u00f4j slon a m\u00f4j jazdec s\u00fa po\u010das m\u00f4jho behu zos\u00faladen\u00ed. V portugal\u010dine sa hovor\u00ed: \u201eQuem corre por gosto, n\u00e3o cansa\u201c \u2013 veci, ktor\u00e9 rob\u00ed\u0161 r\u00e1d, \u0165a neunavuj\u00fa. Pre m\u0148a je to dokonal\u00fd pr\u00edklad toho, ako vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 motiv\u00e1cia sp\u00e1ja slona a jazdca.<\/span><\/p>\n

    D\u00f4kazy pre t\u00fato my\u0161lienku s\u00fa pomerne slab\u00e9 (<\/span>tu<\/span><\/a> a <\/span>tu<\/span><\/a>) a v\u00fdskum je st\u00e1le v po\u010diato\u010dnom \u0161t\u00e1diu. S\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 lep\u0161ie senzory a obsah aplik\u00e1cie mus\u00ed by\u0165 zalo\u017een\u00fd na d\u00f4kazoch. Projekt NoHoW bol navrhnut\u00fd s oh\u013eadom na tieto obavy, ale vy\u017eaduje si ove\u013ea viac v\u00fdskumu. Mus\u00edme si by\u0165 vedom\u00ed aj probl\u00e9mov vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich z <\/span>APPtimizmu<\/span><\/a>: m\u00f4\u017eete n\u00e1js\u0165 \u201eaplik\u00e1ciu pre\u2026\u201c takmer v\u0161etko, ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee aplik\u00e1cia bude efekt\u00edvna.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/b><\/p>\n

    Pri zva\u017eovan\u00ed toho, ako m\u00f4\u017ee aplik\u00e1cia alebo z\u00e1sah zmeny digit\u00e1lneho spr\u00e1vania ovplyvni\u0165 interakciu slona a jazdca pri podpore zdravotn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania majte na pam\u00e4ti nasledovn\u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Z\u00edskajte inform\u00e1cie o nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch<\/b> \u2013 Sledujte nov\u00e9 vylep\u0161enia a inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii. Potom sa zamerajte na to, \u010do znamenaj\u00fa \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 zbieraj\u00fa, a ako m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 udr\u017ea\u0165 si zdrav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie.<\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u013eadajte \u0161trukt\u00faru<\/b> \u2013 Ak\u00e1 je variabilita srdcovej frekvencie? \u010co je to kardiorespira\u010dn\u00e1 zdatnos\u0165? Jazdec miluje pocit kompetentnosti; tieto \u010dasti inform\u00e1ci\u00ed poskytuj\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru kompetencie, o ktor\u00fa sa treba sna\u017ei\u0165. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed vysvet\u013euje tieto pojmy, h\u013eadajte ich a dozviete sa o nich nie\u010do viac.<\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u013eadajte podporn\u00e9 prostredia, ktor\u00e9 je emocion\u00e1lne a vz\u0165ahovo bezpe\u010dn\u00e9<\/b> \u2013 Zistite, \u010di aplik\u00e1cie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa nosite\u013en\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie v podpornom prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nie je hodnotiace, zlep\u0161uje auton\u00f3mne rozhodovanie a vn\u00fatorn\u00fa motiv\u00e1ciu. Zatia\u013e \u010do \u00fadaje z nosite\u013en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 ako platidlo pre s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9 duely (napr. moja variabilita srdcovej frekvencie je ni\u017e\u0161ia ako va\u0161a), \u00faloha konkurencie ako hnacej sily spr\u00e1vania je nejasn\u00e1 a medzi jednotlivcami existuje ve\u013ek\u00e1 variabilita.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa dvojse\u010dn\u00e1 zbra\u0148<\/b> \u2013 Bu\u010fte ostra\u017eit\u00ed, inform\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k nadmern\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu. Pou\u017eite inform\u00e1cie ako zdroj, nie ako jedin\u00fd hnac\u00ed motor spr\u00e1vania.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Prelo\u017eila [Zuzana Dankulincov\u00e1]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Ant\u00f3nio Labisa Palmeira, CIDEFES – Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Portugal; ISBNPA Executive Director Long-term motivation for health-related behaviors can come from different sources. Behavioral scientists are still trying to work out how these sources fit together. For example, I go running […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,14,9,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory","category-e-health","category-habit","category-motivation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2485"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4561,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2485\/revisions\/4561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}