{"id":2103,"date":"2021-03-23T10:18:06","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T10:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2103"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:12:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:12:07","slug":"how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2021\/03\/how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako nau\u010di\u0165 odborn\u00edkov v prvej l\u00ednii zdravo konverzova\u0165 o zdrav\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Autor: Wendy Lawrence, Southamptonsk\u00e1 univerzita<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na\u0161e hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny \u00famrtia a chor\u00f4b v dne\u0161nej spolo\u010dnosti s\u00fa ovplyvnen\u00e9 na\u0161im \u017eivotn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom. \u010coraz viac sa zameriavame na sp\u00f4soby, ako zlep\u0161i\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie so zdrav\u00edm s\u00favisiace. Odborn\u00edci v prvej l\u00ednii, najm\u00e4 t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pracuj\u00fa v zdravotn\u00fdch, soci\u00e1lnych a komunitn\u00fdch poz\u00edci\u00e1ch, s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm zdrojom na podporu zmeny spr\u00e1vania. Rutinn\u00e9 sch\u00f4dzky pon\u00fakaj\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na za\u010datie rozhovorov o zmene spr\u00e1vania ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148, ale mnoho odborn\u00edkov m\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee im ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa vedomosti a zru\u010dnosti potrebn\u00e9 na poskytnutie podpory pri zmene spr\u00e1vania. To m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 na\u0161u sebad\u00f4veru na rozhovor s klientom alebo pacientom o potenci\u00e1lne citliv\u00fdch t\u00e9mach vr\u00e1tane faj\u010denia, chudnutia alebo pitia alkoholu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Program Zdrav\u00e9 konverza\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti <\/a>je vzdel\u00e1vac\u00ed program zalo\u017een\u00fd na s<\/a>oci\u00e1lne kognit\u00edvnej te\u00f3rii<\/u> \u00a0a technik\u00e1ch zmeny spr\u00e1vania<\/a>. Podporuje posilnenie postavenia pacienta a starostlivos\u0165 zameran\u00fa na pacienta. Bol vyvinut\u00fd multidisciplin\u00e1rnym t\u00edmom na univerzite v Southamptone po konzult\u00e1cii s miestnymi organiz\u00e1ciami zdravotnej a soci\u00e1lnej starostlivosti. Zdrav\u00e9 konverza\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti s\u00fa efekt\u00edvnym<\/a> pr\u00edstupom zalo\u017een\u00fdm na d\u00f4kazoch, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva praktick\u00e9 a \u013eahko pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti a pom\u00e1ha \u013eu\u010fom identifikova\u0165 ich vlastn\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a rie\u0161enia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa zmeny spr\u00e1vania. V\u0161etci zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Zdrav\u00e9 konverza\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, a to aj pri kr\u00e1tkych konzult\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u013dudia si neosvojuj\u00fa alebo nemenia spr\u00e1vanie v izol\u00e1cii. Ovplyv\u0148uje ich spolo\u010densk\u00fd svet, ich fyzik\u00e1lne prostredie a \u010fal\u0161ie prvky mimo ich kontroly. Mus\u00edme porozumie\u0165 t\u00fdmto faktorom, aby sme podporili efekt\u00edvnu zmenu spr\u00e1vania. Ak sa s\u00fastred\u00edme na zis\u0165ovanie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o \u017eivotoch a okolnostiach \u013eud\u00ed, z\u00edskame lep\u0161ie predpoklady na to, aby sme pon\u00fakli primeran\u00fa podporu a efekt\u00edvne presadzovali zmeny v spr\u00e1van\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdka zdravia. Jedn\u00fdm princ\u00edpom Zdrav\u00fdch konverza\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed je preto za\u010da\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa \u013eud\u00ed op\u00fdtate na ich priority, pochop\u00edte ich motiv\u00e1ciu<\/a> a \u0165a\u017ekosti a op\u00fdtate sa ich, \u010do pova\u017euj\u00fa za d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, na \u010do je potrebn\u00e9 sa najviac s\u00fastredi\u0165.<\/p>\n

Program taktie\u017e povzbudzuje odborn\u00edkov v praxi, aby uva\u017eovali nad hodnotou kladenia ot\u00e1zok, po\u010d\u00favania a podpory stanovovania cie\u013eov<\/a>, na rozdiel od toho, aby \u013eu\u010fom hovorili, \u010do maj\u00fa robi\u0165, radili alebo poskytovali inform\u00e1cie. \u010cas, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii na podporu jednotlivcov pri zlep\u0161ovan\u00ed ich zdravia a pohody, m\u00f4\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165\u00a0 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie – \u00a0a to pomocou podporn\u00fdch rozhovorov. Tieto si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u010das na po\u010d\u00favanie, pozn\u00e1vanie a sk\u00famanie svetov a \u017eivotov \u013eud\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klade tohto spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho porozumenia napl\u00e1nujeme prv\u00e9 kroky k zmene spr\u00e1vania. Ni\u017e\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzame nieko\u013eko praktick\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed so Zdrav\u00fdmi konverza\u010dn\u00fdmi zru\u010dnos\u0165ami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete dnes pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Objavujte pomocou otvorene polo\u017een\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok<\/strong>.<\/strong> Tieto ot\u00e1zky zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa slovami \u201e\u010co\u201c alebo \u201eAko\u201c a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00fa niekoho, aby sa zamyslel nad svojimi vlastn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami, prek\u00e1\u017ekami, rie\u0161eniami a prv\u00fdmi krokmi k zmene. Napr\u00edklad: \u201e\u010co by ste chceli zmeni\u0165? \u010co v\u00e1m prek\u00e1\u017ea v uskuto\u010d\u0148ovan\u00ed tejto zmeny? Ako by ste to mohli prekona\u0165? \u010co by bol pre v\u00e1s dobr\u00fd prv\u00fd krok? \u201c Polo\u017een\u00edm t\u00fdchto ot\u00e1zok m\u00f4\u017eete o niekom zisti\u0165 ve\u013ea a podpori\u0165 ho pri identifik\u00e1cii svojich schopnost\u00ed a zdrojov potrebn\u00fdch na vykonanie zmeny.<\/li>\n
  2. Vyh\u00fdbajte sa <\/strong>d\u00e1vaniu r\u00e1d<\/strong> alebo <\/strong>hovorenia<\/strong>, \u010do maj\u00fa robi\u0165. <\/strong>Okam\u017eit\u00e1 rada m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pochopen\u00e1 tak, \u017ee si o \u013eu\u010foch mysl\u00edte, \u017ee doteraz nevedeli, ak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je urobi\u0165 vo svojom nezdravom spr\u00e1van\u00ed zmenu. \u010clovek to m\u00f4\u017ee vyhodnoti\u0165 ako pov\u00fd\u0161eneck\u00e9 a ak sa nec\u00edti schopn\u00fd zmeny, uberie mu to silu k zmene.<\/li>\n
  3. Po\u010d\u00favajte a <\/strong>prijmite<\/strong> \u013dudia potrebuj\u00fa \u010das na prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie, tak\u017ee ke\u010f ste dali ot\u00e1zku, nepon\u00e1h\u013eajte sa vyplni\u0165 ticho. Namiesto toho dajte dan\u00e9mu \u010dloveku priestor na formulovanie odpovede a pova\u017eujte ticho za prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie. U\u017e len to, \u017ee niekomu poskytnete pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 poveda\u0165 svoj n\u00e1zor, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nesmierne pr\u00ednosn\u00e9. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t, \u010do boli vypo\u010dut\u00ed za dlh\u00fd \u010das, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dloveka ve\u013emi podpori\u0165 a da\u0165 mu silu. Po\u010d\u00favanie ukazuje, \u017ee si ich n\u00e1zory cen\u00edte. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa a nich dozviete ve\u013ea, \u010do v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165.<\/li>\n
  4. P<\/strong>odpor<\/strong>ujte<\/strong> S.M.A.R.T.E.R. <\/strong>syst<\/strong>\u00e9m <\/strong>stanovovania cie\u013eov<\/strong><\/a> (konkr\u00e9tne, merate\u013en\u00e9, uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9, realistick\u00e9, na\u010dasovan\u00e9, hodnoten\u00e9 a presk\u00faman\u00e9).<\/strong> \u013dudia si \u010dasto klad\u00fa ciele s obmedzen\u00fdm pl\u00e1novan\u00edm<\/a> a predstavou, ako ich dosiahnu. Hovor\u00edme: \u201ecie\u013e bez pl\u00e1nu je iba \u017eelanie\u201c! Ak sa o nie\u010do pok\u00fasite a zlyh\u00e1te, \u00a0pravdepodobne to vzd\u00e1te. Ak sa pok\u00fasite dosiahnu\u0165 nie\u010do men\u0161ie a uspejete, pravdepodobne pri tom zostanete. Ke\u010f niekto identifikuje zmenu, ktor\u00fa by chcel urobi\u0165, polo\u017ete mu tieto SMARTER (CHYTREJ\u0160IE, pozn. prekl.) ot\u00e1zky:
    \n\u010co konkr\u00e9tne chcete robi\u0165?
    \nAko \u010dasto alebo ako dlho to chcete robi\u0165?
    \n\u010co mus\u00edte urobi\u0165, aby ste mohli za\u010da\u0165?
    \nSte si ist\u00fd, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017eete dosiahnu\u0165 napr\u00edklad na stupnici od 1 do 10?
    \nKedy chcete za\u010da\u0165?
    \nAko zist\u00edte, \u017ee ste boli \u00faspe\u0161n\u00ed?
    \n\u010co urob\u00edte, ak nedosiahnete svoj cie\u013e?<\/li>\n
  5. Zamyslite sa nad svojimi rozhovormi a nad t\u00fdm, ak\u00e9 <\/strong>posil\u0148uj\u00face s\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/strong> P\u00e1r min\u00fat sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu na to, ako komunikujeme s \u013eu\u010fmi, \u010do funguje a \u010do nie, je cenn\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm \u010dasu. Pom\u00e1ha identifikova\u0165, \u010do rob\u00edme dobre a kde by sme sa mohli zlep\u0161i\u0165, a zaru\u010duje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 d\u00e1vame zo seba to najlep\u0161ie. Polo\u017ete si tieto ot\u00e1zky:
    \nAko dobre som podporil t\u00fato osobu pri h\u013eadan\u00ed rie\u0161enia jej probl\u00e9mu?
    \n\u010co som mohol urobi\u0165 inak?
    \n\u010co budem robi\u0165 nabud\u00face lep\u0161ie?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Preklad: Michal Dankulinec<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Wendy Lawrence, University of Southampton The main causes of death and disease in society today are influenced by our lifestyle choices, and there is a growing focus on ways to improve health behaviours. Front-line practitioners, particularly those working in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2141,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-goal-setting"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2103"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4577,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions\/4577"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}