{"id":1299,"date":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","slug":"telling-stories-about-caring-for-others","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/sk\/2019\/05\/telling-stories-about-caring-for-others\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozpr\u00e1vanie pr\u00edbehov o starostlivosti o\u00a0druh\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center, Sofia, Bulharsko<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Starostlivos\u0165 o starn\u00facich bl\u00edzkych, ktor\u00fdch zdravie je u\u017e pravdepodobne ve\u013emi krehk\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 komplikovan\u00fd a m\u00e4t\u00faci z\u00e1\u017eitok, ktor\u00fd je uspokojuj\u00faci aj frustruj\u00faci. Lek\u00e1rska veda pom\u00e1ha \u013eu\u010fom \u017ei\u0165 dlh\u0161ie, zdrav\u0161ie a v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee spomali\u0165 kognit\u00edvny pokles, ktor\u00fd \u010dasto prich\u00e1dza s vekom. Sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm sa rodiny staraj\u00fa o star\u0161\u00edch \u010dlenov, ako aj v\u00fdznam starnutia, demencie a opatrovate\u013eskej starostlivosti sa v jednotliv\u00fdch kult\u00farnych kontextoch l\u00ed\u0161ia. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed starne doma ako pr\u00e1voplatn\u00fd \u010dlenovia svojich komun\u00edt, \u010do m\u00e1 psychosoci\u00e1lne v\u00fdhody pre star\u0161iu osobu, ako aj pre r\u00f4zne gener\u00e1cie rodinn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov. Starostlivos\u0165 o \u013eud\u00ed s klesaj\u00facim zdravotn\u00fdm stavom je z\u00e1rove\u0148 sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 fyzickou n\u00e1mahou, psychickou n\u00e1mahou, z\u00e1rmutkom s\u00favisiacim s pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facou stratou a mo\u017en\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami opatrovate\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Cie\u013eom narat\u00edvnej psychol\u00f3gie zdravia je pochopi\u0165 pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti a v\u00fdznamy \u013eud\u00ed v ich ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch kontextoch prostredn\u00edctvom rozpr\u00e1vania, najm\u00e4 ch\u00e1panie zdravia a choroby a s\u00favisiacich zmien identity. Prostredn\u00edctvom rozpr\u00e1vania sa m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eudia pok\u00fasi\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 zmysel v ne\u010dakan\u00fdch \u201ebiografick\u00fdch naru\u0161eniach\u201c a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 s\u00favislosti medzi minulos\u0165ou, pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou a bud\u00facnos\u0165ou, ako aj kontinuitu v zmenenom vn\u00edman\u00ed seba a\u00a0svojich vz\u0165ahov. Spojen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch udalost\u00ed do plynul\u00e9ho pr\u00edbehu \u013eudia vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa vysvetlenia, \u010do sa stalo, \u010do to znamen\u00e1 a\u00a0k\u00fdm sa v\u010faka tomu stali. Ako sme videli v na\u0161om v\u00fdskume o starostlivosti, pr\u00edbehy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa opatrovate\u013eom n\u00e1js\u0165 zmysel v tom, ako sa ich vz\u0165ah s ich bl\u00edzkymi men\u00ed s \u010dasom. Narat\u00edvna psychol\u00f3gia zdravia zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee pr\u00edbehy maj\u00fa viacero \u00farovn\u00ed, ako napr\u00edklad osobn\u00e9, soci\u00e1lne a kult\u00farne, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu osvetli\u0165 rozdiely v zdrav\u00ed. Pr\u00edbehy pacientov, ich form\u00e1lnych a neform\u00e1lnych opatrovate\u013eov sa zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa aj v medic\u00edne, vr\u00e1tane lek\u00e1rskej praxe a medic\u00ednskeho vzdel\u00e1vania.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Starostlivos\u0165 o opatrovate\u013ea: V\u00fdskumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci a odborn\u00edci sa zauj\u00edmali o podporu opatrovate\u013eov. Hodnotiace \u0161t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 r\u00f4zne pr\u00edstupy, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno zhrn\u00fa\u0165 do nasleduj\u00facich skup\u00edn:<br \/>\n\u25cf Vzdel\u00e1vanie a odborn\u00e1 pr\u00edprava &#8211; zvy\u0161ovanie vedomost\u00ed o starnut\u00ed a demencii, ich \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch a sympt\u00f3moch;<br \/>\n\u25cf Soci\u00e1lna podpora &#8211; poskytovan\u00e1 rovesn\u00edkmi v podporn\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch alebo on-line form\u00e1toch; rodinou a priate\u013emi;<br \/>\n\u25cf Od\u013eah\u010denie &#8211; soci\u00e1lne siete alebo organiz\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 od\u013eah\u010denie od starostlivosti, aby sa zmiernila \u00fanava opatrovate\u013ea;<br \/>\n\u25cf Zdravie podporuj\u00face spr\u00e1vanie opatrovate\u013eov, ako je fyzick\u00e1 aktivita, postupy a aktivity na zn\u00ed\u017eenie stresu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mus\u00edme tie\u017e zd\u00f4razni\u0165 v\u00fdznam presadzovania polit\u00edk na podporu neform\u00e1lnych opatrovate\u013eov, pacientov a ich rod\u00edn. Napr\u00edklad z\u00e1konodarn\u00fd zbor v Massachusetts v reakcii na podnety rod\u00edn a zdravotn\u00edckych odborn\u00edkov a podporovan\u00e1 miestnou Alzheimerovou asoci\u00e1ciou ned\u00e1vno prijala z\u00e1kon o Alzheimerovej chorobe a demencii. T\u00e1to legislat\u00edva podporuje vzdel\u00e1vanie poskytovate\u013eov zdravotnej starostlivosti pre diagnostikovanie a poskytovanie starostlivosti o pacientov a rodiny s demenciou; poskytovanie primeran\u00e9ho oznamovania diagn\u00f3zy; a\u00a0zabezpe\u010denie primeranej ak\u00fatnej starostlivosti a ochrany pred zneu\u017eit\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Narat\u00edvna zdravotn\u00edcka prax: Narat\u00edvna prax je zameran\u00e1 na \u010dloveka, je dial\u00f3gov\u00e1 a je zakotven\u00e1 v kult\u00farnych a \u0161truktur\u00e1lnych kontextoch, v ktor\u00fdch prebieha starostlivos\u0165. Narat\u00edvna sk\u00fasenos\u0165 opatrovate\u013eov im samotn\u00fdm pom\u00e1ha n\u00e1js\u0165 zmysel v\u00a0tom, \u010do robia a tie\u017e zvy\u0161uje ich \u201enarat\u00edvnu kompetenciu\u201c &#8211; po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 a by\u0165 naladen\u00fd na pr\u00edbehy a sk\u00fasenosti osoby, o ktor\u00fa sa staraj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z\u00e1verom z metaanal\u00fdz intervenci\u00ed na podporu pohody opatrovate\u013eov je, \u017ee s\u00fa naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie, ke\u010f sa na nich podie\u013eaj\u00fa tak opatrovatelia, ako aj pacienti. Existuje nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov programov na rozpr\u00e1vanie pr\u00edbehov, ktor\u00e9 boli zaveden\u00e9 v \u00fastavoch dom\u00e1cej starostlivosti (napr. \u201epr\u00e1ca o \u017eivotnom pr\u00edbehu\u201c a \u201ereminiscen\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca\u201c). Hoci v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich sa zameriava na star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed, niektor\u00e9 z nich s\u00fa organizovan\u00e9 ako spolo\u010dn\u00e9 postupy rozpr\u00e1vania, medzi ktor\u00e9 patria rodinn\u00ed a neform\u00e1lni opatrovatelia.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Starostlivos\u0165 o die\u0165a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nam\u00e1havou situ\u00e1ciou pre neform\u00e1lnych opatrovate\u013eov a\u00a0je pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom pr\u00edbehov, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa \u00fanavu a\u00a0sm\u00fatok, \u010d\u00edm sl\u00fa\u017ei na prehlbovanie vz\u0165ahov s bl\u00edzkymi. Podpora opatrovate\u013eov v prijat\u00ed vlastn\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 k dosiahnutiu obnoven\u00e9ho zmyslu pre zmysel a \u00fa\u010del.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Z perspekt\u00edvy narat\u00edvnej praxe pon\u00fakame pre praktick\u00fdch lek\u00e1rov nasledovn\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy, ktor\u00e9 by mohli opatrovatelia vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy vo svojich ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch postupoch starostlivosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Povzbu\u010fte (neform\u00e1lnych) opatrovate\u013eov, aby sa podelili o svoje pr\u00edbehy o starostlivosti a meniacom sa vz\u0165ahu so svojou milovanou osobou. P\u00fdtajte sa otvoren\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami (\u201epovedzme o \u010dase, ke\u010f\u2026\u201c) a po\u010d\u00favajte s empatiou a povzbudzujte opatrovate\u013eov, aby sa rozpr\u00e1vali s priate\u013emi alebo sa pripojili k\u00a0podporn\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m, kde sa pr\u00edbehy zdie\u013eaj\u00fa.<br \/>\n\u25cf Povzbu\u010fte opatrovate\u013eov, aby sa venovali p\u00edsaniu denn\u00edkov a aby \u010d\u00edtali a\u00a0rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eali nad literat\u00farou a po\u00e9ziou. Reflexia t\u00fdchto pr\u00edbehov je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom pre opatrovate\u013eov, aby pochopili, \u010do sa deje v ich \u017eivotoch, a to m\u00f4\u017ee prospie\u0165 ich zdraviu mnoh\u00fdmi r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi.<br \/>\n\u2022 Uznajte, \u017ee pr\u00edbehy opatrovate\u013eov s\u00fa rela\u010dn\u00e9, a navrhnite, aby o\u0161etrovatelia a osoby, o ktor\u00e9 sa staraj\u00fa, venovali \u010das spolo\u010dn\u00e9mu rozpr\u00e1vaniu sa o svojej spolo\u010dnej minulosti a pr\u00edtomnosti. Dajte opatrovate\u013eom n\u00e1vrhy, ako vyvola\u0165 a spoji\u0165 spomienky osoby, o\u00a0ktor\u00fa sa staraj\u00fa (napr. pri poh\u013eade na star\u00e9 fotografie, objekty, ktor\u00e9 steles\u0148uj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9 spomienky, pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 kol\u00e1\u017ee).<br \/>\n\u25cf Tieto postupy rozpr\u00e1vania pr\u00edbehov si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das a nemusia vyhovova\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm opatrovate\u013eom. Preto by sa mali prediskutova\u0165 citlivo a opatrne. Ke\u010f\u017ee pr\u00edbehy m\u00f4\u017eu evokova\u0165 viac em\u00f3ci\u00ed, postupy rozpr\u00e1vania sa daj\u00fa robi\u0165 aj v kr\u00e1tkych sedeniach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[Prelo\u017eila Zuzana Dankulincov\u00e1]<\/p>\n<p><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center in Sofia, Bulgaria Taking care of aging loved ones, who are perhaps in frail health, can be a complicated and confusing experience that is both gratifying and frustrating. Medical science is helping people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center in Sofia, Bulgaria Taking care of aging loved ones, who are perhaps in frail health, can be a complicated and confusing experience that is both gratifying and frustrating. 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