{"id":971,"date":"2018-08-30T09:03:38","date_gmt":"2018-08-30T09:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=971"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:36:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:36:18","slug":"how-to-set-goals-that-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ru\/2018\/08\/how-to-set-goals-that-work\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tracy Epton, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/p>\n<p><em>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article\/46\/1\/81\/4563254\">93, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/a><\/u>!). \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u2013 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u201c\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u201d \u2013 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446 \u0441 <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alcoholconcern.org.uk\/what-and-why\">\u042f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f<\/a><\/u>), \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weightwatchers.com\/util\/art\/index_art.aspx?tabnum=1&amp;art_id=52281&amp;sc=3046\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/u> \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 <u><a href=\"https:\/\/runkeeper.com\/\">\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/a><\/u>. \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c <u><a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2017-53491-007\">\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/u> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 384 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e?<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>\u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 (<u><a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2017-53491-007\">\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, <\/a>\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435<\/u>), \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0442.\u0435., \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438) \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0415\u0449\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0447\u044c\u0435\u0439-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0449\u0438) \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mindtools.com\/pages\/article\/smart-goals.htm\">\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 SMART<\/a><\/u>), \u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c <u><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMsa1208051\">\u043c\u0438\u0444<\/a><\/u> \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u2013 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 15-50% \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0451\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435 (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 50%).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u2013 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c). \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/21520704.2010.513411\">\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/u> \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0451\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 1200 \u043a\u043a\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c) \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 (<u><a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2017-53491-007\">\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e<\/a><\/u>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430 5000 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435) \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435 (<u><a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2017-53491-007\">\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c 10000 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/a><\/u>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0435\u043c-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0435\u043c-\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/strong> \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 <\/strong>\u2013 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0435\u0433\u043e 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