{"id":1513,"date":"2019-11-01T14:49:04","date_gmt":"2019-11-01T14:49:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1513"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:24:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:24:18","slug":"n-of-1-studies-what-can-we-learn-by-studying-a-single-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ru\/2019\/11\/n-of-1-studies-what-can-we-learn-by-studying-a-single-case\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u201cN=1\u201d \u2013 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Marie Johnston, Derek Johnston, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430, 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\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Michael_Hufford\/publication\/5340880_Ecolocial_Momentary_Assessment\/links\/0fcfd50ba0b1740ac2000000.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f 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href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17437199.2017.1316672\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/17437199.2017.1343680\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 1 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/348\/bmj.g2674\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0443 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/026921638900300107\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/bjhp.12049\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u0412 \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0451\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 1. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b: \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043d\u0438 (\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439) \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 24 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1514\" src=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"826\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1.png 826w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-500x271.png 500w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-768x416.png 768w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-230x124.png 230w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-350x189.png 350w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-480x260.png 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 2 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f) \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043e \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2013 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c 40 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430) \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1515\" src=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"922\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2.jpg 1082w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-500x212.jpg 500w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-768x326.jpg 768w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-830x352.jpg 830w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-230x98.jpg 230w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-350x148.jpg 350w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-480x204.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/337\/bmj.a1655\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 3, \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 7 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430; \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u041f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.smokinginengland.info\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0442.\u0435., \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.smokinginengland.info\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0432 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 2001 \u043f\u043e 2006 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c. \u0412 2007-2008 \u0433\u0433. \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043a \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/qualitysafety.bmj.com\/content\/20\/11\/974.long\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 3.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 15 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 16 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1516\" src=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"691\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3.jpg 691w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-500x257.jpg 500w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-230x118.jpg 230w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-350x180.jpg 350w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-480x247.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u00abn=1\u00bb \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.experiencesampler.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0434\u043b\u044f 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