{"id":975,"date":"2018-07-30T14:59:54","date_gmt":"2018-07-30T14:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=975"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:37:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:37:31","slug":"self-regulation-from-theory-to-practice-supporting-your-patients-goals-for-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/2018\/07\/self-regulation-from-theory-to-practice-supporting-your-patients-goals-for-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Auto-reglarea comportamentului: cum s\u0103 ne ajut\u0103m pacien\u021bii s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i ating\u0103 scopurile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong> Stan Maes &amp; V\u00e9ronique De Gucht, Leiden University, Olanda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rolul pacien\u021bilor \u00een sistemul de s\u0103n\u0103tate a evoluat de la complain\u021b\u0103 care implic\u0103 obedien\u021b\u0103, la auto-controlul comportamentului care implic\u0103 control \u0219i responsabilitate pentru starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i tratament. Acest concept a evoluat la idea de auto-reglare comportamental\u0103, un process systematic care implc\u0103 s\u0103 formulezi scopuri personale \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi modelezi comportamentul s\u0103 atingi aceste scopuri. Pentru a ilustra auto-reglarea comportamental\u0103 am ales pentru acest blog imaginea lui \u2018ouroboros\u2019 (un \u0219arpe care \u00ee\u0219i m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 coada).<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Auto-reglarea implc\u0103 mai multe etape: 1. Con\u0219tientizarea \u0219i fixarea de scopuri, 2. Urm\u0103rirea active a scopului, 3. Atingerea scopului \u0219i men\u021binerea sau dezangajarea. Mai jos ilustr\u0103m cele trei etape cu exemplul unui caz individual, Ion, care se recupereaz\u0103 dup\u0103 un infarct.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etapa 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prima etap\u0103, indivizii trebuie s\u0103 con\u0219tientizeze uns et de scopuri personal relevante \u0219i care se leag\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate. De exemplu, Ion poate s\u0103 fie \u00eentrebat &#8220;Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 recuperarea pentru tine?&#8221; La care el ar r\u0103spunde s\u0103 fac\u0103 plimb\u0103ri \u00een natur\u0103, s\u0103 se plimbe cu nepotul lui este important pentru el. Ca prim pas, Ion poate formula un scop &#8220;s\u0103 \u00eencep s\u0103 fac plimb\u0103ri scurte \u00een cartier&#8221;. Este important ca acest sop s\u0103 fie formulat individual \u0219i s\u0103 fie realist, s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate a pacientului. Scopurile formulate individual sunt mai u\u0219or de atins dec\u00e2t cele impuse. Tehnicile de interviu motivational pot ajuta s\u0103 sprijine formularea de scopuri la persoanele nemotivate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etapa 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A doua etap\u0103 este cea de urm\u0103rire a scopului. \u00cen aceast\u0103 faz\u0103, indivizii pot s\u0103 fac\u0103 saltul de la cogni\u021bii (inten\u021bii) la ac\u021biune. Este necesar un plan de ac\u021biune bazat pe reflec\u021bie, care specific unde, c\u00e2nd \u0219i cum s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze. De exemplu, &#8220;de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na viitoare, voi merge cu so\u021bia la alimentar\u0103 luni, miercuri \u0219i vineri la ora trei&#8221;. Planurile de ac\u021biune specific au mai mare probabilitate s\u0103 fie puse \u00een practic\u0103, de exemplu pentru exerci\u021biile fizice, m\u00e2ncat s\u0103n\u0103tos sau alte comportamente sanogene.<\/p>\n<p>Trei mecanisme de reglare sunt importante \u00een aceast\u0103 etap\u0103. Primul este <em>feedback-ul<\/em>, care implic\u0103 monitorizarea progresului. De exemplu, Ion poate s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i monitorizeze activitatea pentru a vedea dac\u0103 \u0219i-a atins scopul. Rezultatele ar fi evaluate \u00eempruen\u0103 cu Ion \u0219i s-ar identifica problemele care trebuie adresate pe viitor. Al doilea mecansim este <em>anticiparea <\/em>care implic\u0103 expectane\u021bele cu privire la rezultate (ce crede persoana c\u0103 va fi rezultatul ac\u021biunii) \u0219i convingerile de auto-eficacitate (dac\u0103 persoana crede c\u0103 poate a\u021biona cu success). Expectan\u021bele cu privire la rezultate \u0219i auto-eficacitatea sunt completate de observa\u021bii din exterior \u0219i de \u00eencuraj\u0103ri. Clinicienii trebuie s\u0103 faciliteze contactul cu alte persoane care au atins scopuri similare pentru a cre\u0219te \u0219ansele de atingere a scopului \u0219i a oferi suport social pacientului. Cel de al treilea mecanism este <em>activarea proceselor de control<\/em> pentru a asigura eforturile continue \u00een ciuda obstacolelor. O distragere de la scopuri , de exemplu un eveniment de via\u021b\u0103, poate avea un efect negative asupra urm\u0103ririi scopurilor. Lipsa progresului (e\u0219ecul) este frectvent rela\u021bionat\u0103 cu emo\u021biile negative. Dac\u0103 acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 putem s\u0103 \u00eel sprijinim pe Ion s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 acestor emo\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 reinterpreteze e\u0219ecul ca pe o oportunitate de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etapa 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>A treia etap\u0103 <\/em>presupune atingerea scopului, men\u021binerea sau dezangajarea. Atingerea scopului nu este finalul procesului, ci doar un nou \u00eenceput. Pacien\u021bii trebuie \u00eencuraja\u021bi s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 noi scopuri pentru a men\u021bine progresul \u00een timp. Dac\u0103 un scop nu poate s\u0103 fie atins, este mai bine s\u0103 ne dezangaj\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 formul\u0103m un scop mai realist. De exemplu, Ion poate continua cu scopul de activitate fizic\u0103 sau s\u0103 formulize un scop s\u0103 se plimbe cu c\u0103\u021belul s\u0103u zilnic. Cre\u0219terea auto-eficacit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i suportul social sunt importante \u00een aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 de men\u021binere.<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103rile arat\u0103 c\u0103 eficein\u021ba auto-regl\u0103rii este demonstrate pentru pacien\u021bii cu boli cornice, de exemplu pentru pierderea \u00een greutate la diabet, activitate fizic\u0103 la persoane cu artrit\u0103, scimbarea stilului de via\u021b\u0103 \u00een reabilitarea cardiac\u0103, pentru echilibrul dintre activitate \u0219i recuperare la pacien\u021bii cu sindromul de oboseal\u0103 cronic\u0103.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1007\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1007\" style=\"width: 481px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1007\" src=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55-300x255.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"481\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55-768x652.png 768w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55-830x705.png 830w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55-230x195.png 230w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55-350x297.png 350w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55-480x408.png 480w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Screenshot-2018-07-30-17.48.55.png 980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1007\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imagine: ciclul auto-regl\u0103rii.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><em>Recomand\u0103ri practice <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1) ajuta\u021bi persoana s\u0103 formulize scopuri pentru problema de s\u0103n\u0103tate relevant\u0103 (de ex. \u2018ce \u00eenseman\u0103 pentru dvs. recuperarea?\u2019). Aceste sopuri trebuie s\u0103 fie specifice, importante pentru individ, nici prea u\u0219oare nici prea dificile pentru a fi atinse \u00eentr-un interval de timp dat.<\/p>\n<p>2) ajuta\u021bi persoana s\u0103 dezvolte un plan de ac\u021biune cu unde, cum \u0219i c\u00e2nd va realiza comportamentul dorit.<\/p>\n<p>3) cere\u021bi persoanei s\u0103 opera\u021bionalizeze scopul (o scal\u0103 comportamental\u0103) \u00een mai mul\u021bi pa\u0219i de urmat care pot s\u0103 fie evalua\u021bi pentru a vedea progresul.<\/p>\n<p>4) cre\u0219te\u021bi auto-eficacitatea persoanei, da\u021bi exemple de pacien\u021bi care au atins un scop similar, \u00eencuraja\u021bi pacientul \u0219i recompensa\u021bi progresul. Ar\u0103ta\u021bi persoanei cum s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 obstacolelor \u00een atingerea scopului.<\/p>\n<p>5) sprijini\u021bi men\u021binerea scopului, ajuta\u021bi persoana s\u0103 reformuleze scopul dac\u0103 acesta nu poate s\u0103 fie atins.<\/p>\n<p><em>Tradus de: Dr. Irina Catrinel Cr\u0103ciun<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Stan Maes &amp; V\u00e9ronique De Gucht, Leiden University, Netherlands Over the last decades, the role of individuals within the healthcare system has evolved from \u2018compliance with medical regimens\u2019, implying obedience; to \u2018self-management\u2019, denoting responsibility for the control of one\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1029,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-self-regulation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ro","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Stan Maes &amp; V\u00e9ronique De Gucht, Leiden University, Netherlands Over the last decades, the role of individuals within the healthcare system has evolved from \u2018compliance with medical regimens\u2019, implying obedience; to \u2018self-management\u2019, denoting responsibility for the control of one\u2019s own health or disease. 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