{"id":709,"date":"2017-08-30T07:14:54","date_gmt":"2017-08-30T07:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=709"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:44:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:44:47","slug":"using-health-psychology-in-your-everyday-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/2017\/08\/using-health-psychology-in-your-everyday-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum ne ajut\u0103 psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u00een practic\u0103?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Karen Morgan, Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia \u0219i Robbert Sanderman, University of Groningen, Health and Technology University of Twente, Olanda.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>De ce este psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii o disciplin\u0103 aplicativ\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii este un domeniu nou \u0219i dinamic al psihologiei, care se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o continu\u0103 dezvoltare. Psihologii care lucreaz\u0103 \u00een domeniul psihologiei s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii aplic\u0103 teoriile \u0219i rezultatele cercet\u0103rilor psihologice pentru a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Promova s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i preveni bolile<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen\u021belege experien\u021ba de boal\u0103 \u0219i cum fac pacien\u021bii fa\u021b\u0103 bolii sau cum se recupereaz\u0103 dup\u0103 tratament<\/li>\n<li>Personaliza tratamentele \u0219i interven\u021biile<\/li>\n<li>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bii sistemele de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i politicile de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii se ocup\u0103 cu \u00eentreb\u0103ri precum: ce motiveaz\u0103 oamenii s\u0103 adopte comportamente sanogene \u0219i cum putem modifica comportamentele de risc? Cum se rela\u021bioneaz\u0103 emo\u021biile \u0219i cogni\u021biile cu comportamentele de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i conseciin\u021bele acestora?<\/p>\n<p>Grupurile \u021bint\u0103 cu care lucreaz\u0103 psihologii \u00een domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii sunt numeroase \u0219i includ pacien\u021bi, apar\u021bin\u0103tori, personal medical, sisteme de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i institu\u021bii. Prin urmare, unele concepte de baz\u0103 sunt relevante pentru oricine lucreaz\u0103 cu pacien\u021bi sau promoveaz\u0103 modific\u0103ri comportamentale \u00een practic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Promovarea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u0219i preven\u021bia \u00eemboln\u0103virilor <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La nivel global, prevalen\u021ba bolilor cornice este \u00een cre\u0219tere, dar multe dintre afec\u021biunile cronice pot s\u0103 fie prevenite. Cercet\u0103ri epidemiologice au demonstrat c\u0103 preven\u021bia primar\u0103 (de ex. reducerea riscului factorilor care determin\u0103 boala cardiovascular\u0103) este mai eficient\u0103 dec\u00e2t preven\u021bia secundar\u0103 pentru a reduce mortalitatea \u00een cazul afec\u021biunilor cardiace. Psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii are o contribu\u021bie major\u0103 \u00een identificarea factorilor de risc pentru boli la nivelul popula\u021biei prin identificarea comportamentelor specifice de risc (de ex. Fumatul, alimenta\u021bia nes\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, lipsa exerci\u021biului fizic, evitarea controalelor medicale) \u0219i modificarea acestora.<\/p>\n<p>Psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii se focalizeaz\u0103 pe mecanismele psihologice (de ex. Cuno\u0219tiin\u021be, atitudini, cogni\u021bii) \u0219i influen\u021be sociale care pot s\u0103 \u00eempiedice schimbarea comportamentelor de risc. \u00cen\u021belegerea acestor procese ajut\u0103 la identificarea unor metode optime de a ajuta persoanele s\u0103 renun\u021be la rutinele nes\u0103n\u0103toase, de exemplu s\u0103 renun\u021be la fumat. Dezvoltarea \u0219i utilizarea aplica\u021biilor de tip E s\u0103n\u0103tate s-a dezvoltat treptat pentru a oferi modalit\u0103\u021bi de modificare comportamental\u0103 prin intermediul aplica\u021bilor pe telefonul mobil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00cen\u021belegerea reac\u021biilor la boal\u0103, a mecanismelor de coping \u0219i recuperare dup\u0103 boal\u0103 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bolile au efecte psihologice care influen\u021beaz\u0103 vindecarea. Personale pot s\u0103 fie stresate, anxioase, deprimate sau s\u0103 lupte cu seminifca\u021bia bolii pentru identitatea de sine. Psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii dore\u0219te s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 cum pot s\u0103 fie ajuta\u021bi pacien\u021bii s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 bolii \u0219i s\u0103 examineze leg\u0103turile dintre convingeri, coping \u0219i comportamente sanogene (de ex. Aderen\u021ba la tratament). Anumite teme precum defini\u021bia \u0219i m\u0103sur\u0103toarea comportamentelor cheie sunt abordate critic: cum putem m\u0103sura aderen\u021ba la tratament? Ce \u00eenseman\u0103 un nivel acceptabil de aderen\u021b\u0103 la tratament? Teorii \u0219i modele sunt folosite pentru a explica \u0219i prezice comportamentele de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i formeaz\u0103 baza pentru formularea interven\u021biilor de schimbare comportamental\u0103. Deasemenea, psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 identifice cum \u0219i pentru cine sunt eficiente interven\u021biile de modificare comportamental\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Personalizarea tratamentelor \u0219i a interven\u021biilor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dorim s\u0103 afl\u0103m de exemplu cum o schimbare a scopurilor sau a abilit\u0103\u021bilor sociale poate s\u0103 duc\u0103 la rezultate mai bune, s\u0103 creasc\u0103 nivelul de auto-control sau s\u0103 genereze suport social; un astfel de rezultat implic\u0103 un efect de mediere. Aceste rezultate sunt importante pentru c\u0103 ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bim interven\u021biile. Ele deschid cutia neagr\u0103 a interven\u021biilor \u0219i ne arat\u0103 ce ingredient func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Deasemenea, este important s\u0103 \u0219tim ce mecanisme de schimbare func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i pentru ce popula\u021bii. S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 o interven\u021bie cognitiv\u0103 sau de mindfulness \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe pacien\u021bii cu cancer s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 bolii. Vom observa \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 unii pacien\u021bi nu r\u0103spund favorabil la tratament. Tehnicile de cercetare ne permit s\u0103 vedem care sunt caracteristicile pacien\u021bilor (de ex. gen, v\u00e2rst\u0103, personalitate) care r\u0103spund bine la tratament \u0219i care nu. Astfel putem determina ce tratament func\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai bine pentru cine-un tratamen personalizat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea serviciilor medicale \u0219i a politicilor de s\u0103n\u0103tate <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Modul \u00een care doctorii, asistentele \u0219i personalul medical interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu pacien\u021bii influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care pacien\u021bii r\u0103spund la boal\u0103 \u0219i tratament. Speciali\u0219tii \u00een psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii pot lucra cu pacien\u021bii, familiile acestora precum \u0219i cu personalul medical. Ei au un rol important \u00een educa\u021bia pentru s\u0103n\u0103tate a personalului medical. Deoarece promoveaz\u0103 \u00eengrijirea centrat\u0103 pe pacient, psihologii faciliteaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea autonomiei pacien\u021bilor \u0219i le permit acestora s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i gestioneze tratamentul sau s\u0103 ia decizii informate cu privire la propria s\u0103n\u0103tate. Psihologii pot s\u0103 evalueze stilul de comunicare al personalului medical \u0219i s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 modalit\u0103\u021bi de comunicare care se potrivesc pacientului \u0219i conduc la rezultate medicale bune. De exemplu, unele \u021b\u0103ri ofer\u0103 programme de formare \u00een comunicarea cu pacine\u021bii pentru studen\u021bii facult\u0103\u021bilor de medicin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Colaborarea cu psihologii din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 \u00een practica dumneavoastr\u0103 v\u0103 confrunta\u021bi cu unele dintre problemele descrise mai sus \u0219i dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 informa\u021bi cu privire la domeniul psihologiei s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, v\u0103 suger\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi blogul de Psihologia S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii Aplicate. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de ajutor, contacta\u021bi cu \u00eencredere un psiholog din \u021bara dumneavoastr\u0103. Astfel ve\u021bi primi r\u0103spunsuri la \u00eentreb\u0103ri specifice sau ajutor pentru a elabora de exemplu un program de promovare a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p><em>Translated by: Dr. Irina Catrinel Craciun<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karen Morgan, Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Robbert Sanderman, University of Groningen and Health and Technology University of Twente, The Netherlands. What is practical about health psychology? Health psychology is a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interventions"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ro","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4641,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions\/4641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}