{"id":1849,"date":"2020-12-15T09:43:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T09:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1849"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:13:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:13:40","slug":"helping-pregnant-women-quit-smoking-sharing-best-practice-from-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/2020\/12\/helping-pregnant-women-quit-smoking-sharing-best-practice-from-the-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum ajut\u0103m femeile gravide s\u0103 renun\u021be la fumat: bune practici din UK"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Felix Naughton, University of East Anglia, UK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen jur de 25\/50% din femei renun\u021b\u0103 la fumat dup\u0103 ce afl\u0103 c\u0103 sunt gravide. Dar de ce restul continu\u0103 s\u0103 fumeze?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oare nu \u0219tiu c\u0103 fumatul este d\u0103un\u0103tor \u00een timpul sarcinii? Deobicei \u0219tiu acest lucru. Unul din studiile moastre din UK, care a inclus femei gravide motivate \u0219i nemotivate s\u0103 renun\u021be la fumat, a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 99% erau de accord c\u0103 \u201dfumatul \u00een timpul sarcinii poate s\u0103 fie d\u0103un\u0103tor pentru bebelu\u0219\u201d iar 75% au fost foarte de accord cu aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie. Dar mai pu\u021bin de 10% din aceste femei renun\u021baser\u0103 la fumat 12 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni mai t\u00e2rziu. \u00cen timp ce \u00eencercarea a renun\u021ba la fumat este mai probabil\u0103 pentru cele care au credin\u021be puternice c\u0103 fumatul este d\u0103un\u0103tor, nu pare s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219ansele de success.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sumar: credin\u021bele dspre efectele d\u0103un\u0103toare ale fumatului joac\u0103 un rol minor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sunt motivate s\u0103 renun\u021be? \u00cen unele cazuri e adev\u0103rat. La \u00eenceputul sarcinii majoritatea femeilor spun c\u0103 inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 renun\u021be \u00een urm\u0103taorele 30 de zile \u0219i un procent similar chiar fac o \u00eencercare. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce sarcina progrezeaz\u0103, motiva\u021bia de a renun\u021ba pare s\u0103 coboare. Astfel, a fii motivat\u0103 nu cre\u0219te \u0219ansele de success pentru a renun\u021ba. La fel este \u0219i \u00een cazul femeilor care nu sunt gravide. Mai mult, rezultate de la studii randomizate au evaluat eficien\u021ba unor intereven\u021bii bazate pe interviul motivational, o metod\u0103 de consiliere care ajut\u0103 oamenii s\u0103 creasc\u0103 motiva\u021bia de schimbare. Rezultatele arat\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 nu este eficient\u0103 pentru a renun\u021ba la fumat \u00een timpul sarcinii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sumar: motiva\u021bia cre\u0219te \u0219ansele ca femeile s\u0103 \u00eencerce s\u0103 renun\u021be la fumat dar nu sufficient s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la abstinen\u021b\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nu sunt interesate s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 ajutor? La fel, acest lucru este adev\u0103rat \u0103n anumite cazuri, dar nu \u00een toate. Studiile noastre au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 jumate din femeile \u00eens\u0103rcinate doresc ajutor pentru a renun\u021ba la fumat la \u00eenceputul sarcinii. Nivelul de interes pentru sprijin r\u0103m\u00e2ne crescut p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul sarcinii. Cu toate acestea, doar una din zece femei raporteaz\u0103 c\u0103 au apelat la sprjin \u00een timpul sarcinii. Cele care au f\u0103cut asta spun c\u0103 erau interesate de a renun\u021ba la fumat deja de la \u00eenceputul sarcinii. S\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 cu un specialist \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tate s\/a asociat \u00een cazul lor cu un interes \u00een accesa forme existente de suport. Astfel, este important s\u0103 cre\u0219tem accesul la forme de suport.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sumar; s\u0103 discut\u0103m cu femeile gravide despre renun\u021batul la fumat poate s\u0103 creasc\u0103 intersul pentru a primi sprijin \u0219i ar putea s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219ansele s\u0103 acceseze o form\u0103 de suport.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exsit\u0103 metode eficiente de ajuta gravidele s\u0103 renun\u021be la fumat?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Din fericire, da exist\u0103. Studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 interven\u021biile comportamentale, sfaturile structurate, ajut\u0103 la managementul aspectelor comportamentale ale renun\u021batului la fumat (dar nu interviul motivational). Acestea pot s\u0103 fie de tip conversa\u021bie, self help, \u00een form\u0103 printat\u0103 sau digital\u0103. Dac\u0103 se adaug\u0103 \u0219i terapia de \u00eennlocuire a nicotinei (NRT) la sprijinul comportamental pentru femeile cu dependen\u021b\u0103 moderat\u0103 sau crescut\u0103 asta poate s\u0103 creasc\u0103 eficien\u021ba sprijinului. Totu\u0219i nu avem \u00eenc\u0103 multe date, mai ales c\u0103 studiile existente arat\u0103 o aderen\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 la NRT. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 oarecum grijilor c\u0103 nicotina este d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru bebelu\u0219. Cu toate acestea, un review care include cele mai de calitate studii pe maim ult de zece mii de femei \u0219i bebelu\u0219i a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 eviden\u021be pentru efectele d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru utilizarea NRT pe parcursul sarcinii. Bazat pe aceste rezultate, femeile pot s\u0103 fie sigure c\u0103 orice risc de utilizare a NRT este mic, relativ cu fumatul. Un alt lucru care este mai pu\u021bin \u0219tiut este c\u0103 femeile gravide prelucreaz\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori mai repede nicotina \u00een corpul lor comparative cu femeile care nu sunt \u00eens\u0103rcinate. Acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 datorit\u0103 metabolismului accelerat. Astfel femeile gravide au devoie de maim ult NRT ca deobicei pentru a reduce sindromul de sevraj. Tipic, femeile \u0219i medicii prefer\u0103 s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 mai pu\u021bin NRT dec\u00e2t deobicei.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alte forme de a reduce nicotina ca \u021big\u0103rile elctronice, pot s\u0103 fie eficiente \u00een timpul sarcinii ca \u00eenafara acesteia, dar nu avem eviden\u021be care s\u0103 sprijine aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie. Efectul \u021big\u0103rilor electronice este mai pu\u021bin s\u0103un\u0103tor ca cel al tabacului. Dac\u0103 femeile gravide utilizeaz\u0103 \u021big\u0103ri electronice pentru a renun\u021ba la fumat, atunci \u00een UK este recomandat s\u0103 se fac\u0103 acest lucru. O alt\u0103 abordare eficient\u0103 este s\u0103 se ofere recompense financiare pentru a ajunge la abstinen\u021b\u0103, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 suportul comportamental. Studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 recompensele sunt cele mai eficiente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sumar: sprijinul comportamental, mai ales \u00een combina\u021bie cu \u00eennlocuitorul de nicotin\u0103 pentru cei care au dependen\u021b\u0103 de nicotin\u0103 cu \u0219i \u00eempreun\u0103 cu recompensele financiare este eficient.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cine are nevoie cel mai tare de suport? Exist\u0103 mul\u021bi factori asocia\u021bi cu renun\u021batul la fumat \u00een timpul sarcinii, mai ales nivelul de educa\u021bie \u0219i nivelul financiar. Dar factorii mai practici sunt cei leg\u021bi de a avea sau nu un partener care fumeaz\u0103, sau dependen\u021ba moderat\u0103 sau mare de nicotin\u0103, acestea sunt bariere importante pentru femei ca s\u0103 renun\u021be. Al\u021bi factori sunt depresia sau stresul crescut \u00een timpul sarcinii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sumar: femeile cu caracteristicile enumerate mai sus au nevoie de sprijin intensiv.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Recomand\u0103ri practice<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oferi\u021bi femeilor gravide fum\u0103toare, informa\u021bii despre riscurile fumatului pentru copil, \u0219i indifierent de motiva\u021bia lor pentru a renun\u021ba la fumat, oferi\u021bi sprijin pentru renun\u021bare la fumat. Pentru cele care refuz\u0103, continua\u021bi s\u0103 oferi\u021bi sprijin pe toat\u0103 perioada sarcinii.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oferi\u021bi sprijin comportamental structuat, conversa\u021bii fa\u021b\u0103 \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 sau self help, \u00een variant\u0103 print sau digital, pentru cele care accept\u0103 suportul, dar nu interviul motiva\u021bional.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eficien\u021ba sprijinului comportamental va cre\u0219te cu oferirea de NRT pentru femeile care au un nivel moderat sau mare de dependen\u021b\u0103 de nicotin\u0103. Cu toate acestea, femeile trebuie s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 eficient NRT \u0219i s\u0103 creasc\u0103 aderen\u021ba. Fac\u0103 femeile vor s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 \u021big\u0103ri electronice pentru a renun\u021ba la fumat, acest lucru le va ajuta \u0219i poate s\u0103 fie considerat\u0103 o metod\u0103 de a reduce efectele d\u0103un\u0103toare.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 se recomand\u0103 NRT atunci \u00eencuraja\u021bi femeile s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 dou\u0103 forme (o terapie combinat\u0103, de ex. Gum\u0103 sau patch) pentru a maximiza efectele subsitutelor de nicotin\u0103 \u0219i a reduce simptomele de sevraj.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 resursele permit, oferi\u021bi recompense financiare pentru abstinen\u021b\u0103, dup\u0103 ce se face o vrificare , de exemplu un test de respira\u021bie care monitorizeaz\u0103 nivelul de monoxid de carbon (CO)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conflict de itnerese: Dr. Felix Naughton nu este sponsorizat de fabrican\u021bii de sustitute de nicotin\u0103 sau de \u021big\u0103ri electronice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tradus de Dr. Irina Catrinel Cr\u0103ciun\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Felix Naughton, University of East Anglia, UK \u00a0Between 25-50% of female smokers quit smoking after they discover they are pregnant. But why do the remainder continue to smoke throughout their pregnancy? \u00a0Do they not know that smoking during pregnancy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-financial-incentives","category-smoking-cessation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ro","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Felix Naughton, University of East Anglia, UK Between 25-50% of female smokers quit smoking after they discover they are pregnant. 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