{"id":1299,"date":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","slug":"telling-stories-about-caring-for-others","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/2019\/05\/telling-stories-about-caring-for-others\/","title":{"rendered":"Nara\u021biuni despre \u00eengrijire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center in Sofia, Bulgaria<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A avea grij\u0103 de membrii familiei sau de prietenii bolnavi reprezint\u0103 o experien\u021b\u0103 care este \u00een acela\u0219i timp gratificant\u0103 \u0219i frustrant\u0103. Medicina \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe oameni s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 mai mult \u0219i mai bine, \u00een unele cazuri ajut\u0103 la \u00eencetinirea declinului cognitiv care poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta. Modul \u00een care familiile au grij\u0103 de membrii mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, la fel precum \u0219i modul \u00een care percep \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea sau demen\u021ba \u0219i \u00eengrijirea \u00een sine difer\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de <u>contextul cultural. <\/u><\/p>\n<p>Mul\u021bi oameni \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc acas\u0103, \u00een comunit\u0103\u021bile lor, cee ace aduce beneficii psihosociale at\u00e2t pentru v\u00e2rstnici c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru cel\u0103lalte genera\u021bii din familie. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, \u00eengrijirea v\u00e2rsnicului cere efort fizic, psihologic \u0219i implic\u0103 suferin\u021ba de a pierde pesoane dragi sau dificult\u0103\u021bile financiare asociate \u00eengijirii.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Psihologia narativ\u0103 a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii <\/u><\/strong>\u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 experien\u021bele \u0219i semnifica\u021biile experine\u021belor umane \u00een contextul vie\u021bii de zi cu zi prin pove\u0219ti, mai ales acele pove\u0219ti prin care d\u0103m sens experien\u021bei de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i de boal\u0103 \u0219i modific\u0103rilor aferente. Prin nara\u021biuni oamenii confer\u0103 un sens &#8220;experien\u021belor disruptive&#8221; \u0219i creeaz\u0103 conexiuni \u00eentre trecut, prezent \u0219i viitor, sau asigur\u0103 o contiunitate a sinelui aflat \u00een schimbare \u0219i a rela\u021biilor cu ceilal\u021bi. Prin legarea mai multor evenimente \u00eentr-o poveste, oamenii g\u0103sesc explica\u021bii pentru ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat, ce \u00eenseman\u0103 sau ce au devenit \u00een prezent. Rezultatele cercet\u0103rilor noastre pe \u00eengrijirea v\u00e2rstnicului arat\u0103 c\u0103 nara\u021biunile dau ocazia \u00eengrijitorilor s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 un sens pentru modul \u00een care rela\u021biile cu v\u00e2rstnicul \u00eengrijit se modific\u0103 \u00een timp. Psihologia narativ\u0103 sus\u021bine c\u0103 pove\u0219tile au mai multe nivele, cum ar fi cel personal, cel social, cel cultural, care pot s\u0103 elucideze inegalit\u0103\u021bile de s\u0103n\u0103tate. Nara\u021biunile pacien\u021bilor, a \u00eengrijitorilor formali \u0219i informali sunt puse \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 \u00een medicin\u0103, inclusive practica medical\u0103 \u0219i educa\u021bia medical\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cum s\u0103 avem grij\u0103 de \u00eengrijtori: <\/strong>cercet\u0103torii \u0219i practicienii au fost mereu interesa\u021bi de cum pot s\u0103 fie sprijini\u021bi \u00eengrijitorii.\u00a0 Studiile de evaluare au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 diferite abord\u0103ri pot s\u0103 fie de ajutor \u0219i pot s\u0103 fie sumarizate astfel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Educa\u021bie \u0219i training<\/em>&#8211; oferirea de cuno\u0219tiin\u021be despre \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire \u0219i demen\u021b\u0103, stadii \u0219i simptome.<\/li>\n<li><em>Suport social<\/em>\u2013 oferit de cei apropia\u021bi \u0219i de grupuri de suport online, de familie, de prieteni<\/li>\n<li><em>Ocazia de deta\u0219are <\/em>\u2013 re\u021belele sociale \u0219i organiza\u021biile pot s\u0103 ofere o ocazie de deta\u0219are care s\u0103 previn\u0103 oboseala \u00eengrijitorului.<\/li>\n<li><em>Comportamente sanogene <\/em>pentru \u00eengrijitori cum ar fi exec\u021biul fizic, practici \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi de reducere a stresului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Trebuie s\u0103 accentu\u0103m \u0219i importan\u021ba lobbying-ului petru politici de sprijinire a \u00eengrijitorilor informali, a pacien\u021bilor \u0219i familiilor acestora. De exemplu legislatura Massachusetts a fost creeat\u0103 ca r\u0103spuns la inputul familiilor \u0219i a medicilor \u0219i sprijinit\u0103 de asocia\u021bia local\u0103 de Alzheimer prntr-un act votat recent care se nume\u0219te Actul Mass pentru Demen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Alzheimer. Aceast\u0103 lege sprijin\u0103 trainingul personalului medical care s\u0103 diagnosticheze \u0219i s\u0103 ofere \u00eengrijire pentru pacien\u021bii cu demen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i familiile acestora, s\u0103 ofere informa\u021bii adecvate despre diagnostic \u0219i s\u0103 asigure protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva abuzurilor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Practic\u0103 narativ\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Practicile narative sunt orientate pe persoan\u0103, pe dialog \u0219i sunt ancorate \u00een cultura \u0219i contextele structurale \u00een care are loc \u00eengrijirea. <u>Practica narativ\u0103<\/u> ajut\u0103 \u00eengrijitorii s\u0103 ofere semnifica\u021bii, s\u0103 le creasc\u0103 &#8220;competen\u021ba narativ\u0103&#8221;, s\u0103 asculte \u0219i s\u0103 fie con\u0219tien\u021bi de pove\u0219tile \u0219i experien\u021bele persoanei \u00eengrijite.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Rezultatele unei metaaanlaize pe interven\u021biile de promovare a st\u0103rii de bine la \u00eengrijitori arat\u0103 c\u0103 acestea sunt eficiente c\u00e2nd sunt implica\u021bi at\u00e2t pacien\u021bii c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00eengrijitorii. Exist\u0103 numeroase exemple de programe de storytelling care sunt aplicate \u00een c\u0103minele de v\u00e2rstnici (de exemplu \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dementiauk.org\/for-professionals\/free-resources\/life-story-work\/\">\u2018life story work\u2019<\/a> sau \u2018reminiscence work\u2019). Chiar dac\u0103 acestea sunt focalizare pe v\u00e2rstnici, unele sunt organizare \u00een colaborare, se bazeaz\u0103 pe practice de storytelling colaborativ \u0219i include familiile sau \u00eengrijitorii informali.<\/p>\n<p>Situa\u021bia de a fi \u00eengrijitor informal este una dificil\u0103, \u0219i este tr\u0103it\u0103 prin pove\u0219ti care implic\u0103 oboseal\u0103 sau durere, care ajut\u0103 la rela\u021bionarea cu cei dragi. Dac\u0103 \u00eei ajut\u0103m pe \u00eengrijitori s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i con\u0219tientizeze pove\u0219tie, s\u0103 \u0219i le asume, acest lucru le d\u0103 un nou sentiment de semnifica\u021bie \u0219i un nou scop.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva practicilor narative, \u00een cele ce urmeaz\u0103 oferim c\u00e2teva sugestii pentru practicieni \u0219i pentru \u00eengrijitori ca s\u0103 le implementeze \u00een practica zilnic\u0103 de \u00eengrijire.<\/p>\n<p>Recomand\u0103ri practice:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cencuraja\u021bi \u00eengrijitorii (informali) s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 pove\u0219tile de \u00eengrijire \u0219i cum s-a modificat rela\u021bia cu persoana drag\u0103. Adresa\u021bi \u00eentreb\u0103ri deschise (&#8220;pute\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eemi povesti\u021bi despre \u2026.&#8221;), asculta\u021bi cu empatie, \u00eencuraja\u021bi \u00eengrijitorii s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 cu prietenii sau cu grupurile de suport social despre aceste pove\u0219ti.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cencuraja\u021bi \u00eengrijitorii s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 un jurnal, s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 reflecteze la literature sau poezie. Reflec\u021bia ajut\u0103 la acordarea de semnifica\u021bii \u0219i poate avea multiple beneficii.<\/li>\n<li>Acepta\u021bi fatul c\u0103 pove\u0219tile sunt rela\u021bionale, \u0219i propune\u021bi ca \u00eengrijitorii \u0219i persoanele \u00eengrijite s\u0103 discute despre trecut \u0219i despre prezent. Oferi\u021bi idei \u00eengrijitorilor despre cum s\u0103 evoce \u0219i s\u0103 conecteze amintirile cu persoana \u00eengrijit\u0103 (de exemplu s\u0103 se uite la fotografii, obiecte care induc aminitiri, s\u0103 fac\u0103 cutii de aminitiri sau colaje).<\/li>\n<li>Toate aceste practici narrative iau timp pentru a fii implementate \u0219i s-ar putea ca unii \u00eengrijitori s\u0103 nu rezoneze cu aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103. De aceea trebuie s\u0103 se abordeze subiectul cu pruden\u021b\u0103. Pove\u0219tiile pot s\u0103 evoce multiple emo\u021bii, practicile narative pot s\u0103 fie implementate \u00een \u0219edin\u021be scurte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[translated by Dr. Catrinel Craciun ]<\/p>\n<p><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center in Sofia, Bulgaria Taking care of aging loved ones, who are perhaps in frail health, can be a complicated and confusing experience that is both gratifying and frustrating. Medical science is helping people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ro","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1299"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4791,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions\/4791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}