{"id":1052,"date":"2018-09-18T06:33:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-18T06:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1052"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:35:03","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:35:03","slug":"1052","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/2018\/09\/1052\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu medicamentele c\u00e2nd ele ajung acas\u0103?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Text de Kerry Chamberlain,\u00a0Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ce fac oamenii cu medicamentele dup\u0103 ce le aduc acas\u0103? Surprinz\u0103tor de pu\u021bine cercet\u0103ri au abordat acest subiect de\u0219i majoritatea medicamentelor sunt consumate acas\u0103, sub controlul pacientului. Medicamentele cu prescrip\u021bie sunt oarecum monitorizate, dar dup\u0103 ce re\u021beta a fost colectat\u0103, se presupune c\u0103 pacien\u021bii iau medica\u021bia a\u0219a cum ea a fost prescris\u0103. Oamenii au acces \u0219i la multe medicamente f\u0103r\u0103 re\u021bet\u0103 (de ex. Analgezice), medica\u021bii alternative (ex. Homeopatice) \u0219i alte produse care nu sunt \u00een mod evident medicamente (de ex. Supimentele alimentare). Cu toate acestea, trebuie luat \u00een considerare faptul c\u0103 accesul la medica\u021bie difer\u0103 mult de la o \u021bar\u0103 la alta.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Medicamentele de toate felurile sunt obiecte sociale compelxe, \u0219i este gre\u0219it s\u0103 le consider\u0103m doar ca produse medicale care sunt eficiente pentru a trata bolile \u0219i care trebuie luate dup\u0103 o prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103. Medicamentele au efecte care depind de doza \u00een care sunt consumate. Unele (de ex. Paracetamolul) au un index terapeutic larg (sunt u\u0219or de tolerat \u00een multiple dozaje) pe c\u00e2nd altele (de ex. Levothyroxina) au un indice terapeutic sc\u0103zut ( mici diferen\u021be de dozaj pot cauza probleme, reac\u021bii adeverse). Toate medicamentele pot avea efecte secundare, unele minore care nu sunt observate de majoritatea utilizatorilor, altele majore au chiar poten\u021bial grave. \u00cen timp ce medicamentele au efecte diferite, oamenii difer\u0103 \u0219i ei \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te toleran\u021ba la medicamente. Toleran\u021ba la medica\u021bie poate s\u0103 se schimbe \u00een timp, mai ales dup\u0103 consumul repetat al unui medicament.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 studii care arat\u0103 c\u0103 doar aproximativ jum\u0103tate din medicamente sunt consumate a\u0219a cum au fost prescrise. Acest fapt are mai multe motive ca de exemplu experien\u021bierea unor efecte secundare, temeri legate de dezvoltarea unei dependen\u021be, credin\u021be despre boal\u0103, medica\u021bie \u0219i tratamente \u00een general. De aceea este important s\u0103 \u0219tim ce \u00een\u021beleg oamenii despre medica\u021bie \u00een via\u021ba lor de zi cu zi. Am realizat o cercetare \u00een care am inclus 55 de participan\u021bi din ora\u0219e din Noua Zeeland\u0103. Ne-a interest s\u0103 \u0219tim care este aderen\u021ba lor la tratament \u0219i le-am cerut s\u0103 descrie practicile lor legate de consumul de medicamente. Astfel am putut s\u0103 ne facem o idee despre unde \u00ee\u0219i \u021bin medicamentele acas\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021binem informa\u021bii despre toate medicamentele pe care le aveau la domiciliu.<\/p>\n<p>Printre rezultate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La domiciliu se reg\u0103seau o serie de medicamente de la cele cu re\u021bet\u0103, la cele f\u0103r\u0103 re\u021bet\u0103 \u0219i medicin\u0103 alternativ\u0103. Acestea erau distribuite \u00een toat\u0103 casa. Loca\u021bia lor era organizat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de importan\u021ba lor pentru utilizator. Medica\u021bia pentru toat\u0103 familia era pus\u0103 central (buc\u0103t\u0103rie sau camera de zi), medica\u021bia personal\u0103 \u00een spa\u021bii private (baie, dormitor) \u0219i alte medicamente mai pu\u021bin importante depozitate \u00een debarale sau pod. Acest amplasament reflect rela\u021bia de familie \u0219i practicile medicale din familie\/ de acas\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Oamenii \u00een\u021beleg \u0219i utilizeaz\u0103 medicamentele \u00een moduri diferite, de la rezisten\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de uz la diferite forme de complian\u021b\u0103 la tratament. Participan\u021bii \u00ee\u0219i reglau consumul de medicamente \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de medica\u021bie \u0219i de boal\u0103\n<ul>\n<li>Unii erau aten\u021bi la antibiotice \u201c<em>nu \u00eemi place s\u0103 iau antibiotic\u2026antibioticele trebuie luate \u00een situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103\u201d<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Cei care luau medica\u021bie psihotrop\u0103 reduceau dozele datorit\u0103 efectelor secundare \u0219i a dependen\u021bei \u201c<em>vroiam s\u0103 fun\u021bionez normal, s\u0103 fiu un om normal, un membru normal al societ\u0103\u021bii\u2026ca s\u0103 fiu a\u0219a am renun\u021bat la medica\u021bie\u201d.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Cei care foloseau produse de medicin\u0103 alternative erau foarte rezisten\u021bi la medica\u021bia clasic\u0103 <em>\u201cmai bine a\u0219tept s\u0103 \u00eemi treac\u0103, fac orice numai s\u0103 nu iau medicamente\u201d<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Al\u021bii modificau dozele \u00een func\u021bie de simptome \u201c<em>mi s-a prescris o doz\u0103 mai mare, dar am decis s\u0103 \u00eencerc pe c\u00e2t posibil s\u0103 iau o doz\u0103 mai mic\u0103<\/em>\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consumul de medicamente era reglat de valoarea \u0219i statutul medicamentelor \u00een societate. Medicamentele pot produce un dezechilibru c\u00e2nd teama \u0219i anxietatea sunt crescute de reclamele la medicamente care invocau lipsa controlului sau lipsa de naturale\u021be. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, medicamentele pot s\u0103 confere un echilibru c\u00e2nd sunt v\u0103zute ca un factor care restabile\u0219te ordinea \u0219i controlul. Medicamentele invoc\u0103 \u0219i moralitatea. Ele sunt v\u0103zute ca un r\u0103u necesar, care necesit\u0103 aten\u021bie cu privire la consumul lor sau atunci c\u00e2nd consumul implic\u0103 o boal\u0103 care e v\u0103zut\u0103 ca fiind imoral\u0103 sau o persoan\u0103 este stigmatizat\u0103 din cauza bolii. Aceste situa\u021bii creeaz\u0103 ni\u0219te indentit\u0103\u021bi care trebuiesc gestionate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen loc s\u0103 privim consumul de medicamente ca fiin ira\u021bional sau neinformat, argument\u0103m c\u0103 acesta are o logic\u0103 personal, data de o farmacologie de sim\u021b comun. Astfel, perspectiva pacientului asupra medica\u021biei este situat\u0103 at\u00e2t \u00een motivul pentru care trebuie luat\u0103 medica\u021bia (diagnosticul medical) c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een nara\u021biunea personal asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii. Farmacologia de sim\u021b comun influne\u021beaz\u0103 practicile de consum de medicamente la domiciliu \u0219i ofer\u0103 o nou\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 asupra \u00een\u021belegerii consumului de medicamente. Medicamentele luate la domiciliu au o via\u021b\u0103 social\u0103 proprie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Recomand\u0103ri <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Psihologii din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103, consumul de medicamente reprezint\u0103 o practic\u0103 social \u0219i s\u0103 o abordeze dintr-o perspectiv\u0103 social\u0103 asupra aderen\u021bei la tratament nu doar una biomedical\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Utilizarea medicamentelor poate s\u0103 fie \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 mai bine \u00een contextul temporal \u0219i spatial al practicilor domestice din via\u021ba cotidian\u0103. Psihologia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii care dore\u0219te s\u0103 intervin\u0103 s\u0103 modifice practicile de uz al medicamentelor trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 discute aceste practice \u0219i s\u0103 ofere sfaturi cu privire la contextul social care influen\u021beaz\u0103 consumul cotidian de medicamente al pacien\u021bilor.<\/li>\n<li>Psihologii din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 discute deschis despre consumul de medicamente cu pacien\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 identifice recomand\u0103rile medicale \u00een relat\u0103rile pacien\u021bilor despre boala lor, despre cum v\u0103d ei medica\u021bia \u0219i importan\u021ba acesteia, cum pot s\u0103 fie incluse practicile de consum de medicamente \u00een via\u021ba de zi cu zi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Translated by [Dr. Irina Catrinel Craciun]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Kerry Chamberlain,\u00a0Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand What do people do with medications once they enter the home? Surprisingly, limited research has attempted to answer that question. Yet, it is important \u2013 most medications are consumed at home under the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medication-adherence"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ro","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1052"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4622,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1052\/revisions\/4622"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}