{"id":4677,"date":"2026-01-26T08:59:57","date_gmt":"2026-01-26T08:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=4677"},"modified":"2026-03-27T07:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T07:53:38","slug":"supporting-health-workers-in-addressing-vaccine-hesitancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/2026\/01\/supporting-health-workers-in-addressing-vaccine-hesitancy\/","title":{"rendered":"Wspieranie pracownik\u00f3w ochrony zdrowia w obliczu w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci\u00a0 i niech\u0119ci\u00a0 wobec szczepie\u0144"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Dawn Holford, University of Bristol, Wielka Brytania, Linda Karlsson, University of Turku, Finlandia, Frederike Taubert, Erfurt University, Niemcy, Emma C. Anderson, University of Bristol, Wielka Brytania, Virginia C. Gould, University of Bristol, Wielka Brytania<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Korygowanie b\u0142\u0119dnych przekona\u0144 na temat szczepie\u0144<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Szczepienia s\u0105 jednym z najskuteczniejszych narz\u0119dzi zdrowia publicznego &#8211;\u00a0 szacuje si\u0119, \u017ce <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/24-04-2024-global-immunization-efforts-have-saved-at-least-154-million-lives-over-the-past-50-years\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">co minut\u0119 ratuj\u0105 \u017cycie 6 osobom<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Jednak szczepionki spotykaj\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c z oporem spo\u0142ecznym, a uporczywa dezinformacja podwa\u017ca zaufanie publiczne do szczepie\u0144 i stanowi wyzwanie dla pracownik\u00f3w ochrony zdrowia zajmuj\u0105cych si\u0119 szczepieniami. Jak pracownicy systemu opieki zdrowotnej radz\u0105 sobie z zalewem fa\u0142szywych informacji na temat szczepionek? Co mog\u0105 powiedzie\u0107 pacjentom, kt\u00f3rzy powo\u0142uj\u0105 si\u0119 na te informacje jako pow\u00f3d, aby nie szczepi\u0107 siebie lub swoich dzieci?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chocia\u017c kusz\u0105ce mo\u017ce by\u0107 reagowanie poprzez przytaczanie fakt\u00f3w, korygowanie b\u0142\u0119dnych przekona\u0144 na temat szczepionek \u2013 cz\u0119sto podsycanych przez dezinformacj\u0119 \u2013<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangecommunication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DebunkingHandbook2020.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> nie jest tak proste, jak dzielenie si\u0119 wi\u0119ksz\u0105 ilo\u015bci\u0105 informacji opartych na faktach<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We\u017amy na przyk\u0142ad <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5789217\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dawno obalony mit dotycz\u0105cy szczepionek i autyzmu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: pomimo dziesi\u0119cioleci bada\u0144 i obszernych dowod\u00f3w wskazuj\u0105cych na brak takiego zwi\u0105zku, pracownicy ochrony zdrowia nadal spotykaj\u0105 si\u0119 z tego typu obawami w\u015br\u00f3d rodzic\u00f3w. Mity takie jak ten s\u0105 wyj\u0105tkowo \u201eprzylepne\u201d, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2023-92406-002.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">poniewa\u017c odwo\u0142uj\u0105 si\u0119 do ukrytych l\u0119k\u00f3w, wykorzystuj\u0105c silne narracje<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, kt\u00f3re na pierwszy rzut oka wydaj\u0105 si\u0119 intuicyjnie prawdziwe. Mog\u0105 one by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c u\u017cywane <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/counterhate.com\/research\/the-anti-vaxx-industry\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">przez osoby realizuj\u0105ce cele polityczne<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, zainteresowane utrzymywaniem tych mit\u00f3w w obiegu publicznym.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co wi\u0119c mog\u0105 powiedzie\u0107 pracownicy ochrony zdrowia osobie, kt\u00f3ra ma b\u0142\u0119dne przekonania na temat szczepie\u0144? Najpierw nale\u017cy zrozumie\u0107, co motywuje dan\u0105 osob\u0119 do takich przekona\u0144. Wyobra\u017amy sobie dwoje rodzic\u00f3w, Tin\u0119 i Toma. Oboje obawiaj\u0105 si\u0119, \u017ce uk\u0142ad odporno\u015bciowy ich dzieci nie poradzi sobie ze wszystkimi zalecanymi szczepieniami. Jest to kolejne powszechne b\u0142\u0119dne przekonanie: w rzeczywisto\u015bci szczepionki zawieraj\u0105 jedynie niewielk\u0105 dawk\u0119 w por\u00f3wnaniu z prawdziw\u0105 chorob\u0105. W przypadku Toma obawy wynikaj\u0105 z l\u0119ku przed niepo\u017c\u0105danymi skutkami, jakie mo\u017ce wywo\u0142a\u0107 szczepionka. W przypadku Tiny obawy wynikaj\u0105 z jej preferencji, aby jej dziecko mia\u0142o siln\u0105 \u201enaturaln\u0105\u201d odporno\u015b\u0107 na choroby. Te g\u0142\u0119bsze przyczyny obaw s\u0105 znane w psychologii jako \u201e<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2017-29745-009.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">korzenie postawy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d i mog\u0105 motywowa\u0107 ludzi do uporczywego trwania przy swoich b\u0142\u0119dnych przekonaniach nawet w obliczu mo\u017cliwo\u015bci korekty opartej na faktach.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cz\u0119sto mamy naturaln\u0105 potrzeb\u0119, \u017ceby od razu prostowa\u0107 b\u0142\u0119dne przekonania u innych. Jednak badania pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce kiedy najpierw uznamy \u201ckorzenie\u201d postawy danej osoby, b\u0119dzie ona bardziej otwarta na korekt\u0119 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mit\u00f3w dotycz\u0105cych szczepionek<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, co mo\u017ce zwi\u0119kszy\u0107 jej akceptacj\u0119 dla szczepie\u0144. Aby wi\u0119c odpowiedzie\u0107 na obawy Toma, powinni\u015bmy najpierw zapewni\u0107 go, \u017ce ch\u0119\u0107 ochrony swojego dziecka jest czym\u015b normalnym. Natomiast aby odpowiedzie\u0107 na obawy Tiny, lepiej by\u0142oby zacz\u0105\u0107 od uznania, \u017ce og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, dobrze jest unika\u0107 niepotrzebnych lek\u00f3w. Po nawi\u0105zaniu kontaktu i zbudowaniu zaufania mo\u017cemy przej\u015b\u0107 do wyja\u015bniania b\u0142\u0119dnych przekona\u0144 i przekazywania wi\u0119kszej porcji\u00a0 informacji na temat szczepie\u0144.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak przygotowa\u0107 pracownik\u00f3w ochrony zdrowia do rozm\u00f3w na temat szczepie\u0144?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najlepszym sposobem w obliczu b\u0142\u0119dnych przekona\u0144 na temat szczepie\u0144 jest indywidualne <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017142\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">podej\u015bcie oparte na dialogu<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Kiedy ludzie maj\u0105 mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 rozmowy o szczepieniach z pracownikami ochrony zdrowia, kt\u00f3rym ufaj\u0105, mo\u017ce to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010038.pub3\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">naprawd\u0119 pom\u00f3c w zwi\u0119kszeniu liczby szczepie\u0144<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Przyk\u0142adem takiego podej\u015bcia jest <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">empatyczny wywiad \u201cobalaj\u0105cy\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, czyli czteroetapowa strukturalizacja rozm\u00f3w na temat szczepie\u0144, wykorzystuj\u0105ca opisane powy\u017cej techniki oparte na dowodach naukowych, maj\u0105ce na celu budowanie zaufania i zwalczanie b\u0142\u0119dnych przekona\u0144, przy jednoczesnym poszanowaniu \u201ckorzeni\u201d indywidualnych postaw. Zosta\u0142a ona stworzona w ramach<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> projektu JITSUVAX<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> i opiera si\u0119 na innych podej\u015bciach opartych na dialogu, takich jak <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32281992\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wywiad motywuj\u0105cy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jednak prowadzenie pe\u0142nego szacunku dialogu z pacjentami na temat szczepie\u0144 nie zawsze jest \u0142atwe. Pracownicy ochrony zdrowia mog\u0105 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/10497323251320921\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obawia\u0107 si\u0119 wywo\u0142ania konfliktu podczas rozmowy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Wielu z nich <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11265004\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nie przechodzi szkole\u0144<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> przygotowuj\u0105cych do takich rozm\u00f3w. A nawet je\u015bli przechodz\u0105 takie szkolenia lub otrzymuj\u0105 stosowne wytyczne, zazwyczaj dotycz\u0105 one <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21645515.2024.2397875\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">podej\u015bcia opartego na przekazywaniu pacjentom fakt\u00f3w<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, co w rzeczywisto\u015bci mo\u017ce przynosi\u0107 skutki odwrotne do zamierzonych. W projekcie JITSUVAX przeprowadzono wywiady z pracownikami ochrony zdrowia, kt\u00f3rzy opisali swoje potrzeby w zakresie konkretnego wsparcia i gotowych do wykorzystania sposob\u00f3w w radzeniu sobie z b\u0142\u0119dnymi przekonaniami pacjent\u00f3w na temat szczepie\u0144.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na tej podstawie w\u00a0 ramach <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">projektu JITSUVAX<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> opracowane zosta\u0142y narz\u0119dzia wspieraj\u0105ce pracownik\u00f3w ochrony zdrowia w stosowaniu empatycznego wywiadu \u201cobalaj\u0105cego\u201d obejmuj\u0105ce:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/welcome\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zasoby internetowe<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pomagaj\u0105ce pracownikom s\u0142u\u017cby zdrowia zrozumie\u0107 11 kluczowych postaw le\u017c\u0105cych u podstaw b\u0142\u0119dnych przekona\u0144 na temat szczepie\u0144.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Jitsuvax-prospectus_english_digital_PDF-03-04-25.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wytyczne<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dotycz\u0105ce stosowania empatycznego wywiadu \u201cobalaj\u0105cego\u201d w celu efektywnej rozmowy na temat szczepie\u0144.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Szkolenie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dla pracownik\u00f3w ochrony zdrowia w zakresie prowadzenia takiego wywiadu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przeprowadzili\u015bmy warsztaty z pracownikami ochrony zdrowia w r\u00f3\u017cnych krajach Europy, kt\u00f3rzy w efekcie odnotowali znaczn\u0105 i trwa\u0142\u0105 popraw\u0119 umiej\u0119tno\u015bci i pewno\u015bci siebie w rozmowach na temat szczepie\u0144. W Rumunii pracownicy ochrony zdrowia przeszkoleni w zakresie empatycznego wywiadu \u201cobalaj\u0105cego\u201d i wywiadu motywuj\u0105cego mieli po konsultacjach wzrost um\u00f3wionych wizyt w celu szczepie\u0144 w por\u00f3wnaniu do pracownik\u00f3w nie przeszkolonych.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nasze do\u015bwiadczenia odzwierciedlaj\u0105 ustalenia <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\/item\/24-05-2023-new-who-study-shows-health-workers-feel-more-confident-to-recommend-covid-19-vaccination-following-a-training-on-patient-communication\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u015awiatowej Organizacji Zdrowia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, zgodnie z kt\u00f3rymi szkolenia z zakresu umiej\u0119tno\u015bci komunikacyjnych dla pracownik\u00f3w systemu ochrony zdrowotnej pomagaj\u0105 budowa\u0107 ich pewno\u015b\u0107 siebie w rozmowach na temat szczepie\u0144 i s\u0105 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9444894\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">op\u0142acaln\u0105 inwestycj\u0105<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktyczne zalecenia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dla praktyk\u00f3w:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jako pracownik ochrony zdrowia posiadasz wyj\u0105tkowe zaufanie, je\u015bli chodzi o porady medyczne. Pami\u0119taj, \u017ce Twoje rozmowy mog\u0105 mie\u0107 kluczowe znaczenie dla decyzji pacjent\u00f3w dotycz\u0105cych szczepie\u0144.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zrozumienie \u201ckorzeni\u201d postawy pacjent\u00f3w mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c Ci w rozmowie. Mo\u017cesz potraktowa\u0107 to jako diagnoz\u0119 okoliczno\u015bci, aby dowiedzie\u0107 si\u0119, jak podej\u015b\u0107 do obaw pacjenta. Techniki pomocne na tym etapie obejmuj\u0105 zadawanie pyta\u0144 otwartych (np. \u201eJakie informacje pomog\u0142yby Ci podj\u0105\u0107 decyzj\u0119?\u201d) zamiast zamkni\u0119tych (\u201eCzy mog\u0119 udzieli\u0107 Ci kilku informacji?\u201d) oraz aktywne s\u0142uchanie poprzez odzwierciedlanie tego, co m\u00f3wi pacjent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Istniej\u0105 skuteczne, oparte na dowodach sposoby obalania mit\u00f3w dotycz\u0105cych szczepie\u0144 przy jednoczesnym utrzymaniu dobrych relacji. Poszukaj szkole\u0144 z tych technik, aby wzmocni\u0107 pewno\u015b\u0107 siebie i umiej\u0119tno\u015bci prowadzenia takich rozm\u00f3w.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mo\u017cesz obawia\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce rozmowa z pacjentami zajmie wi\u0119cej czasu ni\u017c mo\u017cesz przeznaczy\u0107 na konsultacj\u0119. Podej\u015bcia komunikacyjne, takie jak empatyczny wywiad oparty na obalaniu mit\u00f3w, zapewniaj\u0105 techniki pozwalaj\u0105ce maksymalnie wykorzysta\u0107 rozmow\u0119, nawet je\u015bli masz tylko kilka minut. Lepiej jest budowa\u0107 zaufanie i przygotowa\u0107 grunt pod przysz\u0142e dyskusje ni\u017c przekazywa\u0107 informacje, kt\u00f3re nie zostan\u0105 dobrze przyj\u0119te.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0106wicz nabyte umiej\u0119tno\u015bci i techniki komunikacyjne \u2013 im cz\u0119\u015bciej je stosujesz, tym lepszy si\u0119 w nich stajesz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przet\u0142umaczone przez: Zuzanna Kwissa-Gajewska i Ewa Gruszczy\u0144ska <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dawn Holford, University of Bristol, UK, Linda Karlsson, University of Turku, Finland, Frederike Taubert, Erfurt University, Germany, Emma C. Anderson, University of Bristol, UK, Virginia C. Gould, University of Bristol, UK Correcting misconceptions about vaccination Vaccination is one of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"<strong>By Dawn Holford, University of Bristol, UK, Linda Karlsson, University of Turku, Finland, Frederike Taubert, Erfurt University, Germany, Emma C. Anderson, University of Bristol, UK, Virginia C. Gould, University of Bristol, UK<\/strong>\n\n<strong>Correcting misconceptions about vaccination<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vaccination is one of the most successful tools of public health\u2014they have been estimated to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/24-04-2024-global-immunization-efforts-have-saved-at-least-154-million-lives-over-the-past-50-years\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">save 6 lives every minute<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. But vaccines have also faced public resistance, with persistent disinformation undermining public trust in vaccination, and posing a challenge for health workers with vaccination roles. How do health workers keep up with the flood of false narratives about vaccines? What can they say to patients who cite these narratives as reasons not to vaccinate themselves or their children?\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<!--more-->\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While it can be tempting to respond by citing the facts, correcting misconceptions about vaccines\u2014which are often fuelled by disinformation\u2014is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangecommunication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/DebunkingHandbook2020.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not as simple as sharing more factual information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Take the example of a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5789217\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">long-debunked myth about vaccines and autism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: despite decades of research and extensive evidence that there is no link between the two, health workers continue to encounter this concern among parents. Myths like this are \u201csticky\u201d because <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2023-92406-002.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">they play on people\u2019s underlying fears, using strong narratives that appear intuitive at first glance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They can also be <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/counterhate.com\/research\/the-anti-vaxx-industry\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">weaponised by those with political agendas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to keep these myths circulating in public.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, what can health workers say to someone who holds a misconception about vaccines? It starts with understanding what motivates someone\u2019s beliefs. Let\u2019s imagine two parents, Tina and Tom. Both share a concern that their children\u2019s immune system will not cope with all the recommended vaccinations. This is another common misconception: the fact is that vaccines are only a tiny dose compared to the real disease. For Tom, the concern is motivated by his fear of adverse effects each vaccine might trigger. For Tina, the concern is motivated by her preference for her child to have strong \u201cnatural\u201d resistance to disease. These deeper drivers of the surface concern are known in psychology as \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2017-29745-009.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">attitude roots<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, and they can motivate people to cling to their misconceptions in the face of factual correction.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Often, we have a natural impulse to directly correct misconceptions we hear from others. However, research shows that when we first validate people\u2019s attitude roots, they are more <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">receptive to corrections of vaccine myths<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can increase their acceptance of vaccines. So, to address Tom\u2019s concern, we might want to first reassure him that it\u2019s normal to want to protect his child. In contrast, to address Tina\u2019s concern, it could be better to begin by acknowledging that it is generally good to avoid unnecessary medication. After connecting with them and building trust, we can continue with addressing their misconceptions and sharing more information about vaccination.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<strong>How can we prepare health workers for vaccine conversations?<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best way to address vaccine misconceptions is through tailored, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017142\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dialogue-based approaches<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. When people are able to speak to health workers whom they trust for medical advice, this can be <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010038.pub3\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">highly effective at raising vaccine uptake<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An example of such an approach is the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2024-59360-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Empathetic Refutational Interview<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a four-step framework to structure vaccine conversations using evidence-based techniques described above to build trust and address misconceptions while respecting people\u2019s attitude roots. It was created by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JITSUVAX project<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and builds on other dialogue-based approaches, such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32281992\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motivational Interviewing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, engaging in respectful dialogue with patients about vaccination is not always easy. Health workers may <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/10497323251320921\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">worry about provoking conflict<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during the discussion. Many health workers <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11265004\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">do not receive training<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to prepare them for such conversations. In fact, where health workers receive training or guidance for this important role, it tends to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21645515.2024.2397875\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rely on an information-based approach<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of providing facts to patients\u2014which can actually be counterproductive. The JITSUVAX project interviewed health workers who described their need for specific support and strategies they can use to deal with patients\u2019 vaccine misconceptions.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JITSUVAX project<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> developed tools to support health workers to use the Empathetic Refutational Interview for vaccine conversations:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/welcome\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web resources<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help health workers understand 11 attitude roots that underlie vaccine misconceptions.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Jitsuvax-prospectus_english_digital_PDF-03-04-25.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guidance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on using the Empathetic Refutational Interview to improve vaccine conversations.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsuvax.info\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Training<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for health workers in the Empathetic Refutational Interview.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have run workshops with health workers in countries across Europe, who reported strong and lasting improvements after attending training in their skills and confidence for vaccine conversations. In Romania, health workers trained in the Empathetic Refutational Interview and Motivational Interviewing saw a larger increase in the number of vaccination appointments booked after their consultations, compared to untrained health workers.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our experience mirrors findings from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\/item\/24-05-2023-new-who-study-shows-health-workers-feel-more-confident-to-recommend-covid-19-vaccination-following-a-training-on-patient-communication\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Health Organization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that communication skills training for health workers helps build their confidence in having vaccine conversations and is a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9444894\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">worthwhile investment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<strong>Practical recommendations<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For practitioners:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a health worker, you hold a unique position of trust when it comes to medical advice. Recognise that your conversations can make the key difference in patients\u2019 vaccine decisions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding your patients\u2019 attitude roots can help you in the conversation. You might think of this as diagnosing the situation to know how to approach the patient\u2019s concerns. Techniques to help with this diagnostic step include asking questions that are open (e.g., \u201cWhat information would support your decision?\u201d) instead of closed (\u201cCan I give you some information?\u201d) and practising active listening by reflecting what the patient says.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are effective, evidence-based ways to correct vaccination myths while maintaining rapport. Seek out training in these techniques to support your confidence and skills to approach vaccine conversations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may be concerned that dialogue with patients takes more time than you have in a consultation. Communication approaches like the Empathetic Refutational Interview, provide techniques to maximise the conversation even if you only have a few minutes. It is better to build trust and lay the groundwork for future discussions than deliver information that will not be well-received.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep practising the communication skills and techniques you learn \u2013 these tend to improve the more you use them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,28,13,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory","category-communication","category-interventions","category-public-health"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pl","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4677"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4792,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4677\/revisions\/4792"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}