{"id":1683,"date":"2020-05-18T15:57:50","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T15:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1683"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:18:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:18:37","slug":"stop-being-an-ostrich-the-benefits-of-helping-people-to-monitor-their-progress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/pl\/2020\/05\/stop-being-an-ostrich-the-benefits-of-helping-people-to-monitor-their-progress\/","title":{"rendered":"Nie chowaj g\u0142owy w piasek! Korzy\u015bci z pomagania ludziom w monitorowaniu w\u0142asnych post\u0119p\u00f3w"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Thomas L. Webb, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Wielka Brytania<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jak osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 sw\u00f3j cel: zmniejszy\u0107 ilo\u015b\u0107 zjadanego cukru i straci\u0107 10 kilogram\u00f3w? Prawdopodobnie tak naprawd\u0119 nie wiesz, a nawet nie chcesz wiedzie\u0107, w jaki spos\u00f3b to zrobi\u0107. W takich sytuacjach bowiem ludzie zazwyczaj zachowuj\u0105 si\u0119 jak strusie i chowaj\u0105 g\u0142ow\u0119 w piasek, celowo unikaj\u0105c lub odrzucaj\u0105c informacje, kt\u00f3re pomog\u0142yby im w monitorowaniu post\u0119p\u00f3w w realizacji celu. Badania nad <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/spc3.12071\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;problemem strusia&#8221; <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce ludzie nie sprawdzaj\u0105 swoich post\u0119p\u00f3w (np. wa\u017cenie si\u0119, sprawdzanie sk\u0142adu produkt\u00f3w \u017cywno\u015bciowych) przynajmniej cz\u0119\u015bciowo z powodu dyskomfortu, jaki mo\u017ce si\u0119 z tym wi\u0105za\u0107 (np. zdaj\u0105 sobie spraw\u0119, \u017ce wa\u017c\u0105 wi\u0119cej ni\u017c si\u0119 spodziewali i \u017ce nadal jedz\u0105 za du\u017co cukru). Z kolei teoria i badania empiryczne wskazuj\u0105, \u017ce \u015bledzenie post\u0119p\u00f3w pomaga u\u015bwiadomi\u0107 sobie rozbie\u017cno\u015b\u0107 pomi\u0119dzy obecnym a po\u017c\u0105danym stanem, co sprzyja podj\u0119ciu dzia\u0142a\u0144. Wynika z tego, \u017ce unikanie monitorowania utrudnia sformu\u0142owanie\u00a0 zar\u00f3wno potrzeby, jak\u00a0 i sposobu dzia\u0142ania. Zidentyfikowanie \u201eproblemu strusia\u201d stanowi zatem dla pracownik\u00f3w s\u0142u\u017cby zdrowia (i innych profesjonalist\u00f3w) doskona\u0142\u0105 okazj\u0119 do wspierania efektywnego monitorowania. Tym bardziej, \u017ce pomaga ono w osi\u0105ganiu cel\u00f3w w r\u00f3\u017cnych dziedzinach, co potwierdzaj\u0105 wyniki licznych bada\u0144.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitorowanie polega na opisie obecnej sytuacji (np. ile, kiedy i gdzie jad\u0142e\u015b cukier danego dnia) i por\u00f3wnaniu jej z konkretnym celem lub warto\u015bci\u0105 odniesienia (np. maksymalnie 6 \u0142y\u017ceczek cukru dziennie). Mo\u017cna to robi\u0107 w specjalnym dzienniczku lub po prostu na kartce papieru albo te\u017c korzystaj\u0105c z narz\u0119dzi cyfrowych \u2013 ich dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 sprawia, \u017ce m\u00f3wi si\u0119 ju\u017c nawet o ruchu zwanym \u201eja ilo\u015bciowym\u201d. Na przyk\u0142ad, telefony automatycznie zapisuj\u0105 liczb\u0119 krok\u00f3w, zegarki wskazuj\u0105 d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 i jako\u015b\u0107 snu, a aplikacje pozwalaj\u0105 na skanowanie kod\u00f3w kreskowych na opakowaniach, informuj\u0105c o w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bciach od\u017cywczych produkt\u00f3w. Wiele z tych urz\u0105dze\u0144 nawet same zwraca si\u0119 do u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w z pro\u015bb\u0105 o ustalenie celu, by nast\u0119pnie informowa\u0107 o post\u0119pach w jego osi\u0105ganiu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wykorzystanie narz\u0119dzi do monitorowania u\u0142atwia zaplanowanie czasu i sposobu dzia\u0142ania. Na przyk\u0142ad, skanowanie kod\u00f3w kreskowych na opakowaniach produkt\u00f3w spo\u017cywczych u\u015bwiadamia, ile cukru faktycznie znajduje si\u0119 w szklance soku pomara\u0144czowego lub misce p\u0142atk\u00f3w kukurydzianych, a tak\u017ce pomaga odnale\u017a\u0107 (i przej\u015b\u0107 na) produkty alternatywne o mniejszej zawarto\u015bci cukru. Monitoring mo\u017ce zatem stanowi\u0107 podstaw\u0119 interwencji prozdrowotnych. Co wi\u0119cej, istniej\u0105 dowody, \u017ce monitorowanie jest skuteczniejsze, je\u015bli \u0142\u0105czy si\u0119 je z technikami <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2018\/08\/how-to-set-goals-that-work\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">okre\u015blania odpowiednich cel\u00f3w<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, w oparciu o kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna monitorowa\u0107 post\u0119py i podejmowa\u0107 dzia\u0142ania, je\u015bli s\u0105 potrzebne i wtedy kiedy s\u0105 jest potrzebne (np. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2017\/04\/the-power-of-planning\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">planowanie \u201eJE\u015aLI-WTEDY\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ludzie mog\u0105 si\u0119 jednak broni\u0107 si\u0119 przed otrzymywanymi informacjami, sugeruj\u0105c, na przyk\u0142ad, \u017ce nie odzwierciedlaj\u0105 one ich typowego zachowania lub \u017ce urz\u0105dzenie monitoruj\u0105ce musi by\u0107 niedok\u0142adne. W\u00f3wczas trafniejszej ocenie i wykorzystaniu tych informacji mog\u0105 sprzyja\u0107 techniki psychologiczne takie jak autoafirmacja, czyli potwierdzanie cenionych w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci samego siebie<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Wskaz\u00f3wki praktyczne\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitorowanie post\u0119p\u00f3w polega na okre\u015bleniu metody monitorowania zachowa\u0144 i\/lub wynik\u00f3w (np. poprzez aplikacj\u0119 w telefonie lub dzienniczek w formie papierowej) i zobowi\u0105zaniu si\u0119 do jej stosowania. Jednak\u017ce, jak opisano wy\u017cej, ludzie cz\u0119sto chowaj\u0105 g\u0142ow\u0119 w piasek i nie monitoruj\u0105 swoich post\u0119p\u00f3w. W zwi\u0105zku z tym:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pomagaj ludziom identyfikowa\u0107,\u00a0 co warto\u00a0 monitorowa\u0107. Na przyk\u0142ad, je\u015bli staraj\u0105 si\u0119 schudn\u0105\u0107, nale\u017cy rozwa\u017cy\u0107, czy lepiej by\u0142oby obserwowa\u0107 konkretne zachowania, tj. aktywno\u015b\u0107 fizyczn\u0105 i spo\u017cywane posi\u0142ki, czy raczej wska\u017aniki, tj. wag\u0119 lub obw\u00f3d w talii, czy te\u017c stosowa\u0107 kombinacj\u0119 obu podej\u015b\u0107? Nasze badania sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce nale\u017cy zach\u0119ca\u0107 ludzi do<\/span><b> monitorowania tego, co sami najbardziej chc\u0105 zmieni\u0107<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pomagaj ludziom w analizie rezultat\u00f3w monitorowania. Wyniki bada\u0144 wskazuj\u0105, \u017ce techniki autoafirmacji zmniejszaj\u0105 unikanie informacji. Je\u015bli s\u0105dzisz, \u017ce dana osoba mo\u017ce reagowa\u0107 defensywnie na informacje uzyskane z monitorowania, zach\u0119caj j\u0105 do<\/span><b> autoafirmacji cenionych aspekt\u00f3w siebie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (np. \u017ce jest osob\u0105 uprzejm\u0105 i troskliw\u0105) <\/span><b>przed prowadzeniem samoobserwacji<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wspieraj ludzi w dokonywaniu zmian, kt\u00f3re w wyniku monitoringu mog\u0105 okaza\u0107 si\u0119 potrzebne. Zidentyfikowanie koniecznych dzia\u0142a\u0144 i motywacja do ich podj\u0119cia to tylko pierwsze kroki w procesie wprowadzania zmian. Ludzie mog\u0105 potrzebowa\u0107 pomocy w prze\u0142o\u017ceniu swoich\u00a0 intencji na dzia\u0142anie, zach\u0119caj ich zatem do <\/span><b>tworzenia plan\u00f3w okre\u015blaj\u0105cych kiedy, gdzie i jak b\u0119d\u0105 dzia\u0142a\u0107<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Na przyk\u0142ad, osoba po obserwacji, \u017ce zjada za du\u017co cukru, mo\u017ce sformu\u0142owa\u0107 plan &#8220;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiedy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> b\u0119d\u0119 jad\u0142a \u015bniadanie, to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wtedy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> zjem p\u0142atki owsiane zamiast\u00a0 kukurydzianych\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Thomas L. Webb, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, the UK How are you getting on with your goal to reduce the amount of sugar that you eat and lose 10kg? Chances are that you don\u2019t really know [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1687,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-self-regulation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pl","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Thomas L. 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