{"id":4481,"date":"2025-10-30T13:20:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T13:20:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=4481"},"modified":"2026-03-23T09:48:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T09:48:53","slug":"rethinking-aging-to-stay-active-and-healthy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/2025\/10\/rethinking-aging-to-stay-active-and-healthy\/","title":{"rendered":"Memikirkan Semula Penuaan untuk Kekal Aktif dan Sihat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Oleh: A\u00efna Chalabaev, Grenoble Alpes University, Perancis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seperti yang dinyatakan dalam <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2019\/10\/physical-activity-in-older-age-how-much-is-enough\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">penulisan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> terdahulu, manfaat kesihatan daripada aktiviti fizikal secara berkala telah terbukti dengan jelas bagi individu berumur 65 tahun ke atas. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241599979\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (WHO) telah menetapkan garis panduan yang jelas mengenai jumlah dan jenis aktiviti yang dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kesihatan. Namun begitu, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673612606461?via%3Dihub\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">warga emas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> masih tergolong antara kumpulan yang paling tidak aktif di seluruh dunia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Keterbatasan Pendekatan Seragam untuk Semua<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa meningkatkan kesedaran tentang manfaat aktiviti fizikal sahaja tidak mencukupi; jurang antara niat dan tingkah laku perlu dirapatkan. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-abstract\/46\/1\/81\/4563254?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para penyelidik psikologi kesihatan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> telah membangunkan pelbagai teknik berasaskan teori untuk menggalakkan tingkah laku sihat. Namun, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24648017\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sesetenga teknik<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> yang berkesan untuk golongan muda mungkin tidak berkesan, malah boleh mendatangkan kesan negatif kepada warga emas, sekali gus menekankan keperluan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37076243\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pendekatan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> yang disesuaikan<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ageisme: Halangan Tersembunyi terhadap Aktiviti Fizikal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ageisme ialah halangan khusus bagi warga emas. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doiLanding?doi=10.1027%2F1901-2276.61.3.4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ia termasuk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> stereotaip (kepercayaan), prasangka (emosi) dan\/atau diskriminasi (tingkah laku). Walaupun stereotaip boleh bersifat positif, ia lazimnya negatif \u2014 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0117086\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">satu tren yang semakin meningkat<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> semenjak abad ke-20. Stereotaip seperti ini menyumbang kepada diskriminasi. Lebih kurang <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/10635079.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dari orang dewasa berumur 65 tahun ke atas melaporkan mengalami diskriminasi dalam kehidupan harian, dan satu daripada 17 orang dewasa berumur 50 tahun ke atas mengalaminya dalam <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-015-3233-6?utm_source=getftr&amp;utm_medium=getftr&amp;utm_campaign=getftr_pilot&amp;getft_integrator=wiley\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dalam penjagaan kesihatan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Profesional kesihatan sering dididik mengenai penuaan melalui lensa penyakit dan kemerosotan. Keadaan ini, ditambah pula dengan pendedahan harian kepada warga emas yang lemah, boleh mengukuhkan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/opn.12457\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sikap ageist<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Untuk menanganinya, kajian intervensi <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0098628312465867\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">membentangkan data yang menentang stereotaip<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(contohnya mengenai peratusan warga emas yang menjadi sukarelawan, bekerja, atau mempelajari kemahiran baharu). Mereka juga menggalakkan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/article\/61\/7\/1164\/5939854\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hubungan antara generasi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> untuk mengubah persepsi \u2014 iaitu interaksi bermakna antara golongan muda dan tua<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selain menjadi mangsa diskriminasi, warga emas juga boleh menginternalisasi stereotaip usia. Pasukan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20802838\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Becca Levy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mencadangkan satu model di mana stereotaip yang dipelajari lebih awal dalam kehidupan membentuk persepsi kendiri, kesihatan dan jangka hayat warga emas. Sebagai contoh, orang muda yang mempunyai stereotaip negatif tentang penuaan lebih berisiko mengalami masalah kardiovaskular 30 tahun kemudian. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0273229716300880\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peranan utama<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> terhadap penuaan ini memainkan peranan penting kerana ia mempengaruhi tingkah laku kesihatan \u2014 mereka yang mempunyai sikap positif terhadap penuaan diri lebih cenderung untuk kekal aktif dan mengamalkan gaya hidup sihat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Intervensi untuk Menangani Ageisme dan Kesan-kesannya<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03273963v1\/file\/Knight%20et%20al_BJHP_accepted.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beberapa kajian<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> telah menguji cara untuk memupuk persepsi diri yang positif terhadap penuaan, khususnya berkaitan aktiviti fizikal. Sebagai contoh, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/08870446.2018.1556273\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyer et al. (2019)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> menjalankan ujian rawak terkawal melibatkan 84 warga emas yang lemah dan tidak aktif (purata umur ~77 tahun). Satu kumpulan menerima aktiviti fizikal adaptif standard (APA), manakala kumpulan satu lagi menerima APA berserta modul persepsi kendiri. Modul ini merangkumi empat sesi dalam tempoh 12 minggu yang memberi tumpuan kepada mencabar stereotaip, memahami penuaan, dan mengubah persepsi negatif terhadap diri. Kumpulan intervensi melaporkan persepsi yang lebih positif terhadap penuaan dan peningkatan kesihatan mental.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satu lagi kesan halus stereotaip dikenal pasti melalui kajian eksperimental. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2015-02669-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kajian ini menunjukkan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bahawa pendedahan kepada stereotaip negatif semasa ujian klinikal boleh menjejaskan prestasi dalam tugas melibatkan memori atau kekuatan genggaman. Satu kajian mendapati bahawa apabila identiti \u201cwarga emas\u201d diaktifkan, kekuatan genggaman menurun hampir <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/2\/3\/e001064.short\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pengaktifan ini boleh berlaku secara tidak langsung \u2014 seperti melalui interaksi dengan profesional kesihatan muda, menandakan umur pada borang sebelum ujian klinikal, atau diberitahu bahawa ujian tersebut mengukur keupayaan yang sensitif terhadap usia. Cabaran bagi profesional kesihatan ialah memastikan persekitaran klinikal bebas daripada petunjuk ageisme, contohnya dengan mengelak meminta warga emas menyatakan umur mereka sebelum menjalani ujian klinikal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secara keseluruhan, memerangi ageisme memerlukan usaha bersama: meningkatkan kesedaran dan mengubah pandangan masyarakat, sambil memperkasakan warga emas untuk membentuk semula persepsi mereka terhadap penuaan. Bagi mencapai matlamat ini, intervensi yang berasaskan pengetahuan saintifik yang kukuh adalah sangat penting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cadangan Praktikal<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fikir dan nilai semula andaian anda tentang warga emas serta sentiasa kemas kini pengetahuan saintifik untuk membentuk tanggapan yang tidak berat sebelah.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pertimbangkan bagaimana anda boleh menyampaikan mesej positif tentang penuaan dalam sesi perundingan, dengan menekankan bahawa warga emas masih boleh meningkatkan kekuatan dan mempelajari kemahiran baharu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terangkan bagaimana pandangan positif terhadap penuaan menyokong aktiviti dan kesihatan jangka panjang.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elakkan petunjuk negatif berkaitan usia seperti menyifatkan ujian sebagai \u201csensitif terhadap usia\u201d atau membandingkan mereka dengan golongan muda.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Galakkan pesakit warga emas untuk menyertai program antara generasi di mana golongan muda dan tua bekerjasama dalam tugasan yang sama.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Translated by: Dr Anne Jamaludin (Malaysia)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By A\u00efna Chalabaev, Grenoble Alpes University, France As outlined in a previous post, the health benefits of regular physical activity are well established for people aged 65 and over. Clear guidelines have been set by the World Health Organization on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"<strong>By A\u00efna Chalabaev, Grenoble Alpes University, France<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As outlined in a previous <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2019\/10\/physical-activity-in-older-age-how-much-is-enough\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">post<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the health benefits of regular physical activity are well established for people aged 65 and over. Clear guidelines have been set by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241599979\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Health Organization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the amount and type of activity associated with health gains. However, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673612606461?via%3Dihub\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">older people<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> remain among the most inactive segment of the population worldwide.<\/span>\n\n<!--more-->\n\n<strong>The limits of one-size-fits-all interventions<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This highlights that raising awareness about physical activity benefits is not sufficient; bridging the intention\u2013behavior gap is necessary. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-abstract\/46\/1\/81\/4563254?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Health psychology researchers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have developed a range of theory-based techniques to promote healthy behaviors. However, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24648017\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">some techniques<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> effective in younger adults may be ineffective, or even harmful, for older adults, stressing the need for tailored <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37076243\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">approaches<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<strong>Ageism: A hidden barrier to physical activity<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ageism is a barrier specific to older adults. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doiLanding?doi=10.1027%2F1901-2276.61.3.4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It includes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> stereotypes (beliefs), prejudice (affects) and\/or discrimination (behaviors). Although stereotypes can be positive, they tend to be predominantly negative, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0117086\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a trend that has intensified<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during the 20<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> century. Such stereotypes contribute to discrimination. About <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/10635079.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of adults aged 65+ report facing discrimination in daily-life, and one in 17 adults aged 50+ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-015-3233-6?utm_source=getftr&amp;utm_medium=getftr&amp;utm_campaign=getftr_pilot&amp;getft_integrator=wiley\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in healthcare<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Healthcare professionals are often educated about aging through a lens of disease and decline. This, coupled with daily exposure to frail older adults, can reinforce<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/opn.12457\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ageist attitudes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. To counteract this, interventional studies <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0098628312465867\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">present counter-stereotypical data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (for example about the proportion of seniors who volunteer, work or develop new skills). They also foster <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/article\/61\/7\/1164\/5939854\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intergenerational contact<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to change <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Hs28FgRxqt0&amp;t=1s\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">perceptions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, i.e., meaningful interactions between people of different generations<\/span><b>, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">especially between younger and older age groups.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to being discriminated, older adults may internalize age stereotypes. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20802838\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Becca Levy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s team proposed a model in which stereotypes learned earlier in life shape older adults\u2019 self-perceptions, health and longevity. For example, young adults with negative age stereotypes are more likely to experience a cardiovascular event 30 years later. This <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0273229716300880\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key role<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of views on aging may notably be explained by their influence on health behaviors, those with a positive attitude toward their own aging are more likely to stay active and adopt healthy habits.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<strong>Interventions to tackle ageism and its impacts<\/strong>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03273963v1\/file\/Knight%20et%20al_BJHP_accepted.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several studies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have tested ways to promote positive self-perceptions of aging, especially in relation to physical activity. For example, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/08870446.2018.1556273\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyer et al. (2019)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conducted a randomized trial with 84 frail, inactive older adults (mean age ~77). One group received standard adapted physical activity (APA); the other received APA plus a self-perception module. This module included four sessions over 12 weeks focused on challenging stereotypes, learning about aging, and modifying negative self-perceptions. The intervention group reported more positive aging perceptions and improved mental health.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An even subtler consequence of stereotypes has been identified in experimental studies. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2015-02669-001.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They show<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that exposing older adults to negative stereotypes during clinical tests impairs performance on tasks involving memory or grip strength. One study found that activating an 'older adult' identity reduced grip strength by nearly <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/2\/3\/e001064.short\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This activation can happen subtly\u2013through interactions with younger healthcare professionals, indicating their age on forms just before clinical testing, or being told they are being tested on age-sensitive abilities. The challenge for healthcare professionals is therefore to guarantee a clinical environment that is free of ageism cues, for example by avoiding asking older adults to indicate their age before they perform a clinical test.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall, combating ageism requires combined efforts: raising awareness and transforming societal views, while empowering seniors to reshape their own perceptions of aging. To reach this objective, interventions based on rigorous scientific knowledge are key.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<strong>Practical recommendations\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actively reflect on your assumptions about older adults and keep up to date with scientific knowledge to form unbiased impressions.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think how you might integrate positive aging messages into consultations, highlighting that older adults can still gain strength and learn new skills.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mention how positive views on aging support long-term activity and health.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid negative age cues like describing a test as \"age-sensitive\" or comparing them with younger adults.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourage older patients to intergenerational programs where younger and older adults collaborate on the same tasks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-e-health","category-mental-health"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"my","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4481"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4780,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481\/revisions\/4780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}