{"id":807,"date":"2018-01-07T20:10:20","date_gmt":"2018-01-07T20:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=807"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:41:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:41:48","slug":"social-support-and-health-behavior-how-to-move-from-well-intentioned-to-skilled-support","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2018\/01\/social-support-and-health-behavior-how-to-move-from-well-intentioned-to-skilled-support\/","title":{"rendered":"Soci\u0101lais atbalsts un vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bba: K\u0101 no labiem nodomiem p\u0101riet uz prasm\u012bgu atbalst\u012b\u0161anu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Urte \u0160olcs, C\u012brihes Universit\u0101te &amp; \u0122ertr\u016bde (Tjuru) Stedlere, Aberd\u012bnas Universit\u0101te<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Var\u0113tu \u0161\u0137ist, ka soci\u0101lo atbalstu vienm\u0113r j\u0101uztver k\u0101 kaut ko \u012bpa\u0161i pozit\u012bvu. K\u0101du \u013caunumu gan var\u0113tu nodar\u012bt neliela pal\u012bdz\u012bba? Piem\u0113ram, ja ir k\u0101ds, kur\u0161 gatavo vesel\u012bgas malt\u012btes tad, kad m\u0113\u0123iniet \u0113st lab\u0101k vai mierina, kad j\u016btaties slikti p\u0113c p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 neveiksm\u012bg\u0101 m\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma atmest sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anu? \u0160ie nedaudzie piem\u0113ri tom\u0113r rada izj\u016btu, ka atbalsta snieg\u0161anai nepietiek ar labiem nodomiem vien. Partneris, kur\u0161 gatavo jums vesel\u012bgu malt\u012bti, vai m\u0101sa, kura sniedz labus padomus par di\u0113tu, var rad\u012bt izj\u016btu, ka vi\u0146i zina lab\u0101k, kas jums ir vajadz\u012bgs. Vai j\u016bs vi\u0146iem l\u016bdz\u0101t pal\u012bdz\u012bbu? Vai vi\u0146i piln\u012bb\u0101 neuzticas j\u016bsu pa\u0161a sp\u0113jai \u0113st vesel\u012bgi? T\u0101tad, vai pal\u012bdz\u012bbas snieg\u0161ana otram uzved\u012bbas izmai\u0146u veik\u0161anai vienm\u0113r ir laba? \u0160\u012b teksta m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t speci\u0101listiem sniegt padomu klientiem par to, k\u0101 mekl\u0113t noder\u012bgu soci\u0101lo atbalstu. S\u0101kum\u0101 noskaidrosim, kas ir un kas nav soci\u0101lais atbalsts.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kas ir soci\u0101lais atbalsts?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Soci\u0101lais atbalsts ir otra cilv\u0113ka pal\u012bdz\u012bba k\u0101dam, kur\u0161 ir sask\u0101ries ar probl\u0113mu vai izaicin\u0101jumu, piem\u0113ram, m\u0113\u0123ina uzs\u0101kt vesel\u012bg\u0101ku di\u0113tu. Atbalsta m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t risin\u0101t \u0161o probl\u0113mu vai vismaz samazin\u0101t stresu, kas saist\u012bts ar probl\u0113mu. Ir tr\u012bs atbalsta veidi, kas bie\u017ei p\u0101rkl\u0101jas. Pirmk\u0101rt, <strong>emocion\u0101lais atbalsts<\/strong>, proti, mierin\u0101juma snieg\u0161ana, pal\u012bdzot cilv\u0113kam justies m\u012bl\u0113tam, saprastam, apr\u016bp\u0113tam tad, kad vi\u0146\u0161 uzsver to, cik gr\u016bti ir \u0113st lab\u0101k. Otrais veids ir sniegt <strong>praktisku atbalstu<\/strong>, proti, izdar\u012bt kaut konkr\u0113tu, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu, piem\u0113ram, ieg\u0101d\u0101ties vesel\u012bgu p\u0101rtiku. Tre\u0161ais veids ir sniegt <strong>informat\u012bvo atbalstu<\/strong>, proti, sniegt padomu par to, k\u0101, piem\u0113ram, uztur\u0101 vair\u0101k lietot d\u0101rze\u0146us. Kaut ar\u012b atbalstu var sniegt gandr\u012bz jebkur\u0161 cilv\u0113ks, p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka visbie\u017e\u0101k atbalstu sniedz tuvinieki, piem\u0113ram, attiec\u012bbu partneri, \u0123imene un draugi. Noz\u012bm\u012bgs atbalsta avots cilv\u0113kiem ar vesel\u012bbas probl\u0113m\u0101m bie\u017ei ir vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi un citi cilv\u0113ki, kuri ir l\u012bdz\u012bgos apst\u0101k\u013cos.<\/p>\n<p>Var izdal\u012bt v\u0113l divus atbalsta veidus: atbalstu, ko j\u016bs sagaid\u0101t n\u0101kotn\u0113 un atbalstu, ko esat sa\u0146\u0113mis pag\u0101tn\u0113. Cilv\u0113ki var dom\u0101t par atbalstu, ko vi\u0146i sagaida, ka stresa situ\u0101cij\u0101 n\u0101kotn\u0113 sa\u0146ems no citiem. Piem\u0113ram, sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101js, kuram ir nodoms atmest sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anu, var\u0113tu iedom\u0101ties par atbalstu, ko var\u0113tu sa\u0146emt no citiem. \u0160o atbalsta veidu sauc par <em>uztverto atbalstu<\/em>. Tas vair\u0101k ir saist\u012bts ar cilv\u0113ku optimistisku n\u0101kotnes redz\u0113jumu, nevis re\u0101li pieejamo atbalstu. Uztvertais atbalsts var b\u016bt p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113ts, jo re\u0101l\u0101 sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 ne vienm\u0113r ir p\u0101rbaud\u012bts. Otrs veids, k\u0101 skat\u012bties uz atbalstu, ir jaut\u0101t par to, k\u0101du atbalstu probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anai cilv\u0113ks ir sa\u0146\u0113mis. Tie ir retrospekt\u012bvie zi\u0146ojumi, kas tiek sniegti par <em>notiku\u0161\u0101m atbalsta transakcij\u0101m (support transactions)<\/em>. Piem\u0113ram, kas pag\u0101ju\u0161aj\u0101 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101 k\u0101dam pal\u012bdz\u0113ja censties \u0113st lab\u0101k? \u0160ie divi atbalsta veidi ne vienm\u0113r ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bti.\u00a0 Piem\u0113ram, j\u016bs sagaid\u0101t, ka m\u012b\u013cotais cilv\u0113ks jums pal\u012bdz\u0113s, tad, kad tas nepiecie\u0161ams, tom\u0113r iesp\u0113jams, ka nesa\u0146\u0113m\u0101t pal\u012bdz\u012bbu nesenaj\u0101 m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jum\u0101 \u0113st lab\u0101k.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prasm\u012bgs atbalsts vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbas main\u012b\u0161anai<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0113t\u012bjumi par soci\u0101lo atbalstu un vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu liecina par atbalsta pozit\u012bvo ietekmi uz vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r, izv\u0113rt\u0113jot r\u016bp\u012bg\u0101k, atkl\u0101jas, ka daudzi no \u0161iem p\u0113t\u012bjumiem ir fokus\u0113ti uz pirmo iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012bto atbalsta veidu \u2013 <em>uztverto atbalstu<\/em>. Pozit\u012bvas atbalsta <em>gaidas<\/em> ir konsekventi saist\u012btas ar lab\u0101ku vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu. Otrais atbalsta veids \u2013 <em>aktu\u0101l\u0101s atbalsta transakcijas<\/em>, ir p\u0113t\u012btas daudz ret\u0101k un pieejamo p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101ti ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160os at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgos rezult\u0101tus da\u017ereiz izraisa tas, ka atbalstu intervenc\u0113s neizdodas iek\u013caut k\u0101 pirmo. Kopum\u0101, \u0161kiet, ka nav garant\u0113ts, ka labi dom\u0101ts soci\u0101lais atbalsts b\u016bs pal\u012bdzo\u0161s, kad cilv\u0113ks m\u0113\u0123ina main\u012bt vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu. Atbalsto\u0161o aktivit\u0101\u0161u pan\u0101kumi ir atkar\u012bgi no \u0161\u0101diem faktoriem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>no personas, kas sniedz atbalstu (da\u017ek\u0101rt drauga pal\u012bdz\u012bba ir lab\u0101ka par dz\u012bvesbiedra pal\u012bdz\u012bbu),<\/li>\n<li>no pal\u012bdz\u012bbas sniedz\u0113ja dzimuma (sievietes sp\u0113j lab\u0101k sniegt atbalstu gan v\u012brie\u0161iem, gan sieviet\u0113m),<\/li>\n<li>no atbilst\u012bbas starp vajadz\u012bbas p\u0113c atbalsta un atbalsta nodro\u0161in\u0101jumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b<\/li>\n<li>saist\u012bb\u0101 ar k\u0101diem apst\u0101k\u013ciem tas notiek (vai cilv\u0113ks atbalstu sniedz un sa\u0146em vienl\u012bdz sabalans\u0113ti vai n\u0113).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Da\u017ei p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka <strong>ar\u012b atbalsta sa\u0146em\u0161ana var nodar\u012bt \u013caunumu<\/strong>. Atbalsts var sekm\u0113t sliktu izj\u016btu vai vienk\u0101r\u0161i nesp\u0113ju pa\u0161am p\u0101rvar\u0113t izaicin\u0101jumu. <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1756-2589.2009.00003.x\/full\">Prasm\u012bgs atbalsts<\/a> ir t\u0101ds, kas sa\u0146emts no uzticamiem citiem, kuri paz\u012bst j\u016bsu vajadz\u012bbas un liek jums justies saprastam, nov\u0113rt\u0113tam un atbalst\u012btam tad, kad j\u016bs main\u0101t savu uzved\u012bbu \u2013 t\u0101 ir lab\u0101k\u0101 izv\u0113le. Prasm\u012bgs atbalsts ir atkar\u012bgs no ab\u0101m komunik\u0101cij\u0101 iesaist\u012bt\u0101m pus\u0113m: cilv\u0113kam, kur\u0161 v\u0113las main\u012bt uzved\u012bbu, j\u0101izv\u0113rt\u0113 savas vajadz\u012bbas un skaidri par t\u0101m j\u0101komunic\u0113, akt\u012bvi mekl\u0113jot atbalstu no tiem, kuriem vi\u0146\u0161 piln\u012bb\u0101 uzticas. Atbalsta sniedz\u0113jam j\u0101cen\u0161as apmierin\u0101t indiv\u012bda vajadz\u012bbas cie\u0146piln\u0101 veid\u0101 un atbilsto\u0161i atbalsta sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja vajadz\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktisk\u0101s rekomend\u0101cijas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kas cilv\u0113kiem ir j\u0101dara, lai efekt\u012bvi atbalst\u012btu k\u0101du citu cilv\u0113ku vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbas izmai\u0146u veik\u0161an\u0101? Speci\u0101lsti iesaka klientiem mekl\u0113t prasm\u012bgu atbalstu un komunic\u0113t par to ar sev noz\u012bm\u012bgiem cilv\u0113kiem un vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes profesion\u0101\u013ciem. Lai efekt\u012bvi atbalst\u012btu m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu main\u012bt vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu, paturiet pr\u0101t\u0101 vair\u0101kus ieteikumus!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Iedro\u0161iniet cilv\u0113ku, kur\u0161 v\u0113las main\u012bties, mekl\u0113t atbalstu, run\u0101t ar sev tuviem un uzticamiem cilv\u0113kiem par to, k\u0101 vi\u0146i re\u0101li var pal\u012bdz\u0113t. Atbalsts var\u0113tu ietvert ar\u012b cilv\u0113ka atst\u0101\u0161anu vienatn\u0113!<\/li>\n<li>Tren\u0113jiet klientus specifisk\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s komunic\u0113t par sav\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m un sniedziet ieteikumus par to, k\u0101 padar\u012bt atbalstu, ko vi\u0146i sa\u0146em, vair\u0101k pal\u012bdzo\u0161u. Piem\u0113ram, var izmantot lomu sp\u0113les, lai izsp\u0113l\u0113tu da\u017e\u0101dus atbalsta l\u016bg\u0161anas scen\u0101rijus. T\u0101s var ietvert apzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s sekm\u0113\u0161anu par to, ka atbalsts ir \u013coti individu\u0101ls un ne vienm\u0113r ir pal\u012bdzo\u0161s. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di cilv\u0113ks var m\u0101c\u012bties sniegt padomu un atgriezenisko saiti atbalsta sniedz\u0113jam, lai sekm\u0113tu atbalsta <em>transakcijas<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Tren\u0113jieties atpaz\u012bt prasm\u012bgu atbalstu! T\u0101 k\u0101 uzved\u012bbas izmai\u0146u veik\u0161ana ir dinamisks process un vajadz\u012bba p\u0113c atbalsta var main\u012bties katru dienu, tad ir j\u0101main\u0101s ar\u012b sniegtajam atbalstam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tulkoja: Gunta Freimane, Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Urte Scholz, University of Zurich and Gertraud (Turu) Stadler, University of Aberdeen Social support seems to be an exclusively positive thing. What can be bad about a little help? Having someone who cooks healthy meals when you try to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":821,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interventions","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=807"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4636,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions\/4636"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}