{"id":5067,"date":"2026-07-06T07:21:49","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T07:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=5067"},"modified":"2026-07-28T08:45:23","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T08:45:23","slug":"the-integrative-model-of-adjustment-to-continuous-challenges-imacc-understanding-and-supporting-biopsychosocial-adjustment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2026\/07\/the-integrative-model-of-adjustment-to-continuous-challenges-imacc-understanding-and-supporting-biopsychosocial-adjustment\/","title":{"rendered":"Integrat\u012bvais piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s modelis nep\u0101rtrauktiem izaicin\u0101jumiem (IMACC): biopsihosoci\u0101l\u0101s piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s izpratne un atbalst\u012b\u0161ana\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/span>Autori: Lis Dreijers Hammonds (Lis Dreijer Hammond), Alborgas universit\u0101te (D\u0101nija), Kristians Karlsens Hansesn (Christian Karlsen Hansen) un Martins L\u0113mk\u016bls Kristensens (Martin Lehmkuhl Kristensen), B\u0113g\u013cu rehabilit\u0101cijas centrs, Zieme\u013cjitlandes re\u0123ion\u0101lais vesel\u012bbas dienests (D\u0101nija), un \u0160alotte Glintborga (Chalotte Glintborg), Alborgas universit\u0101te (D\u0101nija)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0113c saslim\u0161anas vai citiem noz\u012bm\u012bgiem negat\u012bviem dz\u012bves notikumiem, dz\u012bve bie\u017ei vien vairs neatgrie\u017eas iepriek\u0161\u0113jas slied\u0113s. Cilv\u0113kiem, kuri dz\u012bvo ar ilgsto\u0161iem vesel\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem, izaicin\u0101jums nav tikai simptomu p\u0101rvald\u012b\u0161ana, bet ar\u012b <\/span>piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s cit\u0101dai dz\u012bvei<\/span><\/a>. Ja \u0161is piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s process tiek trauc\u0113ts, tas var veicin\u0101t <\/span>trauksmi, depresiju, slikt\u0101kus fizisk\u0101s vesel\u012bbas galarezult\u0101tus<\/span><\/a> un <\/span>bie\u017e\u0101ku vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes pakalpojumu izmanto\u0161anu<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Apl\u0113ses par to, cik veiksm\u012bgi cilv\u0113ki piel\u0101gojas ilgsto\u0161\u0101m saslim\u0161an\u0101m, b\u016btiski at\u0161\u0137iras atkar\u012bb\u0101 no izmantotaj\u0101m piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas metod\u0113m. Nepietiekamu piel\u0101go\u0161anos sastop no <\/span>16,9%<\/span><\/a> l\u012bdz <\/span>62%<\/span><\/a>, savuk\u0101rt, labu piel\u0101go\u0161anos \u2013 no <\/span>13%<\/span><\/a> l\u012bdz <\/span>36,3%<\/span><\/a>. Pasaul\u0113 <\/span>vair\u0101k nek\u0101 viens miljards cilv\u0113ku dz\u012bvo ar vair\u0101kiem ilgsto\u0161iem vesel\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem vienlaikus<\/span><\/a>. Ja l\u012bdz pat div\u0101m tre\u0161da\u013c\u0101m no vi\u0146iem saskaras ar piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m, ir steidzami nepiecie\u0161ams uzlabot atbalstu piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s procesam ilgsto\u0161u vesel\u012bbas probl\u0113mu gad\u012bjumos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s nav tikai l\u012bdzest\u012bba medic\u012bnisk\u0101m rekomend\u0101cij\u0101m vai vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbas mai\u0146a. <\/span>Integrat\u012bvais piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s modelis nep\u0101rtrauktiem izaicin\u0101jumiem (IMACC) (iepriek\u0161 \u2013 \u201chronisk\u0101m saslim\u0161an\u0101m\u201d)<\/span><\/a> ir teorija par biopsihosoci\u0101lo piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s procesu, k\u0101 to pieredz pats cilv\u0113ks. \u0160is modelis tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts <\/span>p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 par 2. tipa diab\u0113tu<\/span><\/a> un v\u0113l\u0101k <\/span>p\u0101rbaud\u012bts ar\u012b pieaugu\u0161ajiem ar epilepsiju<\/span><\/a>. Sadarb\u012bba mode\u013ca izmanto\u0161an\u0101 var pal\u012bdz\u0113t tie\u0161\u0101k izprast cilv\u0113ka individu\u0101lo piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s procesu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s ir norm\u0101ls process visa m\u016b\u017ea garum\u0101<\/span><\/a> \u2013 dz\u012bvei mainoties, main\u0101mies ar\u012b m\u0113s. Ta\u010du negat\u012bv\u0101m dz\u012bves p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m var b\u016bt gr\u016bti piel\u0101goties. Modelis paredz \u2013 lai ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113 funkcion\u0113tu p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas lab\u0101k, da\u017ek\u0101rt nepiecie\u0161ams main\u012bt dom\u0101\u0161anas un uzved\u012bbas mode\u013cus, kas jaunajos apst\u0101k\u013cos vairs nav noder\u012bgi. \u0160\u0101das p\u0101rmai\u0146as sauc par piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s uzdevumiem. Veiksm\u012bga to \u012bsteno\u0161ana veicina lab\u0101ku piel\u0101go\u0161anos, funkcion\u0101l\u0101ku ikdienu un pozit\u012bvas identit\u0101tes p\u0101rmai\u0146as.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Savuk\u0101rt, piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s gr\u016bt\u012bbas var rasties t\u0101du apst\u0101k\u013cu d\u0113\u013c, kas kav\u0113 p\u0101rmai\u0146u procesu. Tas var aptur\u0113t piel\u0101go\u0161anos un ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 novest pie slikt\u0101kas psihisk\u0101s un fizisk\u0101s vesel\u012bbas, k\u0101 ar\u012b negat\u012bv\u0101m identit\u0101tes p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0101 struktur\u0113ts IMACC piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s modelis\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Modelis sast\u0101v no trim savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012btiem l\u012bme\u0146iem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. l\u012bmenis: person\u012bba un dz\u012bves p\u0101rmai\u0146as.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0160is l\u012bmenis ietver iepriek\u0161\u0113jo person\u012bbu, uzskatus un uzved\u012bbas mode\u013cus. Uzman\u012bba tiek piev\u0113rsta aspektiem, kas var ietekm\u0113t piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s procesu \u2013 gan k\u0101 \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013ci, gan k\u0101 resursi. T\u0101pat noz\u012bm\u012bga ir negat\u012bvu dz\u012bves notikumu pieredze, kas izrais\u012bjusi nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu piel\u0101goties. \u0160\u012b pieredze var ietekm\u0113t piel\u0101go\u0161anos gan negat\u012bvi (piem\u0113ram, negat\u012bva pieredze vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bp\u0113), gan pozit\u012bvi (piem\u0113ram, sa\u0146emtais atbalsts).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. l\u012bmenis: nep\u0101rtrauktais piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s cikls.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0160is l\u012bmenis sast\u0101v no piec\u0101m jom\u0101m ar konkr\u0113tiem piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s uzdevumiem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Saskaroties ar ilgsto\u0161\u0101m vesel\u012bbas probl\u0113m\u0101m vai invalidit\u0101ti, cilv\u0113ks s\u0101k ar <\/span>situ\u0101cijas izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu<\/b> (<\/span>Taking Stock<\/span><\/i>). Vi\u0146\u0161 apstr\u0101d\u0101 t\u0101das s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s emocion\u0101l\u0101s reakcijas k\u0101 \u0161oku, dusmas u.c. un p\u0101rdom\u0101, kas dz\u012bv\u0113 b\u016btu j\u0101maina, lai atkal var\u0113tu funkcion\u0113t. Tas ietver piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s motiv\u0101cijas att\u012bst\u012b\u0161anu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      P\u0113c tam cilv\u0113ks p\u0101riet uz <\/span>m\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s<\/b> posmu (<\/span>Learning<\/span><\/i>), ieg\u016bstot zin\u0101\u0161anas par vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli un iesp\u0113j\u0101m, k\u0101 ar\u012b apg\u016bst nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s pa\u0161apr\u016bpes prasmes un emociju p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas strat\u0113\u0123ijas. Tas bie\u017ei noz\u012bm\u0113 ar\u012b jaunu attieksmju veido\u0161anos pret dz\u012bvi un citiem cilv\u0113kiem. Noz\u012bm\u012bga loma ir ar\u012b apk\u0101rt\u0113jiem. \u0122imene, darbs, vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi un pla\u0161\u0101ka soci\u0101l\u0101 vide b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113 piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s procesu, t\u0101pat k\u0101 cilv\u0113ka uztvere par saviem apk\u0101rt\u0113jiem un sav\u0101m lom\u0101m dz\u012bv\u0113.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s gait\u0101 nepiecie\u0161ams ar\u012b \u201c<\/span>atlaist<\/b>\u201d (<\/span>Letting Go<\/span><\/i>) \u2013 pie\u0146emt zaud\u0113jumus, kas saist\u012bti ar iepriek\u0161\u0113jo funkcion\u0113\u0161anu vai n\u0101kotnes pl\u0101niem, kuri vairs nav iesp\u0113jami. Var b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ams atteikties ar\u012b no attieksm\u0113m vai uzved\u012bbas mode\u013ciem, kas jaunaj\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 vairs nedarbojas. Laika gait\u0101 cilv\u0113ks var pie\u0146emt un integr\u0113t (<\/span>Accept and Integrate<\/span><\/i>) jauno dz\u012bvo\u0161anas veidu, iek\u013caujot un uzturot jaun\u0101s attieksmes un uzved\u012bbas mode\u013cus ikdien\u0101.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u016btiski uzsv\u0113rt, ka katr\u0101 jaut\u0101jum\u0101, kas prasa p\u0101rmai\u0146as, cilv\u0113ks iziet cauri \u0161im nep\u0101rtrauktajam\u00a0 adapt\u0101cijas ciklam, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka vair\u0101k\u0101s jom\u0101s piel\u0101go\u0161an\u0101s var norit\u0113t vienlaic\u012bgi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. l\u012bmenis: uzturo\u0161ais cikls.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0160is l\u012bmenis raksturo to, kas notiek \u012bpa\u0161i sare\u017e\u0123\u012btos br\u012b\u017eos. Tas balst\u0101s klasisk\u0101 kognit\u012bvi biheivior\u0101l\u0101 uzturo\u0161aj\u0101 cikl\u0101, ta\u010du ar vienu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu: dom\u0101\u0161anu raksturo konflikts starp situ\u0101cijas izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu vai m\u0101c\u012b\u0161anos (atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, kur\u0101 posm\u0101 adapt\u0101cijas process ir apst\u0101jies), \u201catlai\u0161anu\u201d un apk\u0101rt\u0113jo vidi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Piem\u0113ram, tipisk\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 sievietei var b\u016bt gr\u016bti iem\u0101c\u012bties vair\u0101k r\u016bp\u0113ties par sevi, jo vi\u0146a nesp\u0113j atteikties no savas lomas, k\u0101 t\u0101dam cilv\u0113kam, kur\u0161 gatavo \u0113st un r\u016bp\u0113jas par m\u0101ju, baidoties k\u013c\u016bt par \u201csliktu m\u0101ti\u201d vai \u201csliktu sievu\u201d. Tuvu attiec\u012bbu saglab\u0101\u0161ana soci\u0101laj\u0101 vid\u0113 vi\u0146ai \u0161\u0137iet svar\u012bg\u0101ka nek\u0101 r\u016bpes par sevi, kur b\u016btisku lomu sp\u0113l\u0113 motiv\u0101cija jeb iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 attieksme.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Praktiski ieteikumi \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Nosakiet person\u012bgi noz\u012bm\u012bgu m\u0113r\u0137i:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Pal\u012bdziet cilv\u0113kam p\u0101rdom\u0101t, k\u0101das izmai\u0146as ikdien\u0101 var\u0113tu pozit\u012bvi ietekm\u0113t vi\u0146a dz\u012bvi (piem\u0113ram, vesel\u012bbas paradumu mai\u0146a). P\u0101rrun\u0101jiet, k\u0101 \u0161\u012bs p\u0101rmai\u0146as integr\u0113t ikdien\u0101. Jo konkr\u0113t\u0101ks pl\u0101ns (laiks, vieta u.tml.), jo viegl\u0101k to s\u0101kt \u012bstenot.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Jaut\u0101jiet: Ko \u0161\u012bs p\u0101rmai\u0146as noz\u012bm\u0113tu jums? Kas notiktu, ja p\u0101rmai\u0146as netiktu veiktas?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Noz\u012bm\u012bgi m\u0113r\u0137i stiprina motiv\u0101ciju.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Str\u0101d\u0101jiet ar \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013ciem:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Kop\u012bgi p\u0101rskatiet iepriek\u0161\u0113jos m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumus ieviest p\u0101rmai\u0146as un normaliz\u0113jiet gr\u016bt\u012bbas. P\u0101rrun\u0101jiet nesen\u0101kos m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumus ieviest p\u0101rmai\u0146as un m\u0113\u0123iniet saklaus\u012bt, k\u0101di uzskati un v\u0113rt\u012bbas sl\u0113pjas aiz cilv\u0113ka teikt\u0101, piem\u0113ram: \u201cMan vispirms j\u0101pal\u012bdz citiem, p\u0113c tam sev\u201d vai \u201cEs nedr\u012bkstu atp\u016bsties, kam\u0113r darbs nav pabeigts\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Izv\u0113rt\u0113jiet apk\u0101rt\u0113jo cilv\u0113ku noz\u012bmi:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Jaut\u0101jiet cilv\u0113kam, k\u0101 p\u0101rmai\u0146as ietekm\u0113s tuv\u0101s attiec\u012bbas. Piem\u0113ram, k\u0101das var\u0113tu b\u016bt sekas, ja j\u0101palielina pa\u0161apr\u016bpe, un tas noz\u012bm\u0113tu maz\u0101kas iesp\u0113jas dar\u012bt kaut ko citu lab\u0101? Ko tas noz\u012bm\u0113tu vi\u0146a identit\u0101tei (k\u0101 cilv\u0113ks uztver izmai\u0146as dz\u012bves lom\u0101m?) Ko, vi\u0146apr\u0101t, dom\u0101s vai dar\u012bs citi?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Atbalstiet p\u0101rrunas par p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Ko cilv\u0113kam b\u016btu nepiecie\u0161ams p\u0101rrun\u0101t ar citiem? B\u016btu nepiecie\u0161ams ieg\u016bt iesp\u0113ju jaut\u0101t, ko \u0161\u012bs p\u0101rmai\u0146as noz\u012bm\u0113 citiem, nepa\u013caujoties tikai uz saviem pie\u0146\u0113mumiem. Var\u0113tu b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ams vienoties par ikdienas rut\u012bnas piel\u0101go\u0161anu vai att\u012bst\u012bt prasmes komunic\u0113t par sav\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, par main\u012bgu s\u0101pju l\u012bmeni, ko citi var\u0113tu sagaid\u012bt no cilv\u0113ka sp\u0113jas kaut ko \u0161odien paveikt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Veiciniet<\/strong> sp\u0113ju apzin\u0101ties savu \u0137ermeni<\/b><\/a>:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

        Pal\u012bdziet cilv\u0113kam lab\u0101k izprast \u0137erme\u0146a simptomus un saj\u016btas, to noz\u012bmi un izmanto\u0161anu pa\u0161apr\u016bpes vad\u012b\u0161anai. Atbalstiet ar\u012b stresa p\u0101rvald\u012b\u0161anas apg\u016b\u0161anu, kas saist\u012bta ar uzved\u012bbas mai\u0146u un t\u0101s ietekmi uz tuv\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Tulkojusi: Ieva \u0112rgle, Gunta Freimane, Zane Gulbe<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        By Lis Dreijer Hammond, Aalborg University (DK), Christian Karlsen Hansen & Martin Lehmkuhl Kristensen, Rehabilitation Centre for Refugees, North Jutland Regional Health Services (DK) and Chalotte Glintborg, Aalborg University (DK) When illness or major negative life events occur, life often […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5115,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,13,36,24,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory","category-interventions","category-mental-health","category-self-regulation","category-stress-and-coping"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","et","sv","tr","uk","hi","sw","ta"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"et":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sw":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ta":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t