{"id":3183,"date":"2024-05-24T11:08:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T11:08:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=3183"},"modified":"2025-11-04T09:13:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T09:13:24","slug":"understanding-what-influences-organ-donation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2024\/05\/understanding-what-influences-organ-donation\/","title":{"rendered":"Izpratne par to, kas ietekm\u0113 org\u0101nu ziedo\u0161anu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr. L\u012b \u0160eph\u0113rds (<\/span>Lee Shepherd<\/span><\/i>), Nortumbrijas Universit\u0101te, prof. Ronans E. O’Kerols (<\/span>Ronan E. O\u2019Carroll<\/span><\/i>), St\u0113rlingas Universit\u0101te, prof. Eimons F\u0113rgusons (<\/span>Eamonn Ferguson<\/span><\/i>), Notingemas Universit\u0101te, Apvienot\u0101 Karaliste<\/span><\/p>\n

Ir daudz st\u0101stu par to, k\u0101 miru\u0161a cilv\u0113ka org\u0101nu transplant\u0101cija ir <\/span>pal\u012bdz\u0113jusi cilv\u0113kiem izdz\u012bvot<\/span><\/a>. Patiesi, katrs miru\u0161ais org\u0101nu donors var main\u012bt <\/span>pat devi\u0146u cilv\u0113ku dz\u012bvi<\/span><\/a>. Tom\u0113r transplant\u0101cijai pieejamo org\u0101nu ir p\u0101r\u0101k maz. \u0160\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c veidojas garas rindas uz donoru org\u0101niem un daudzi pacienti mirst, nesagaid\u012bju\u0161i org\u0101nu. T\u0101p\u0113c mums ir j\u0101saprot, k\u0101di faktori ietekm\u0113 cilv\u0113ku gatav\u012bbu ziedot savus org\u0101nus p\u0113c n\u0101ves.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Piekri\u0161anas ties\u012bbu akti<\/b><\/p>\n

Da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s valst\u012bs ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi ties\u012bbu akti attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz org\u0101nu donoru gribas izteik\u0161anu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Piekri\u0161anas izv\u0113les sist\u0113ma.<\/i><\/b> \u2013 \u0160aj\u0101 variant\u0101 tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka cilv\u0113ks nav piekritis ziedot savus org\u0101nus, pirms vi\u0146\u0161 ir speci\u0101li nor\u0101d\u012bjis, ka neiebilst pret ziedo\u0161anu. Cilv\u0113kam ir kaut k\u0101 j\u0101r\u012bkojas (piem\u0113ram, j\u0101re\u0123istr\u0113jas), lai nor\u0101d\u012btu, ka vi\u0146\u0161 v\u0113las, lai vi\u0146a org\u0101ni p\u0113c n\u0101ves tiktu transplant\u0113ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113ma.<\/i><\/b> \u2013 \u0160aj\u0101 variant\u0101 cilv\u0113kam ir kaut k\u0101 j\u0101r\u012bkojas, lai nor\u0101d\u012btu, ka vi\u0146\u0161 nev\u0113las, lai vi\u0146a org\u0101ni p\u0113c n\u0101ves tiktu transplant\u0113ti. Piem\u0113ram, cilv\u0113ks var re\u0123istr\u0113t savu v\u0113lmi neb\u016bt par donoru vai ar\u012b inform\u0113t savus radiniekus par \u0161\u0101du savu izv\u0113li. Da\u017e\u0101s atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s ir ar\u012b izv\u0113les re\u0123istri, kuros cilv\u0113ki var speci\u0101li re\u0123istr\u0113ties par org\u0101nu donoriem. Atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101 tiek pie\u0146emts, ka ikvienam, kur\u0161 nav \u012bpa\u0161i izteicis savu v\u0113lmi neb\u016bt par donoru, neb\u016btu iebildumu pret savu org\u0101nu ziedo\u0161anu. T. s. \u201cm\u012bkstaj\u0101s\u201d atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s \u0123imenes locek\u013ciem tiek jaut\u0101ts, vai vi\u0146i piekr\u012bt miru\u0161\u0101 org\u0101nu transplant\u0101cijai. T. s. \u201cstingraj\u0101s\u201d atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s transplant\u0101cija var notikt bez \u0123imenes at\u013caujas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Da\u017eos p\u0113t\u012bjumos, <\/span>tostarp m\u016bsu veiktaj\u0101<\/span><\/a>, ir konstat\u0113ts, ka miru\u0161u donoru ziedojumu \u012bpatsvars <\/span>atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s ir augst\u0101ks nek\u0101 piekri\u0161anas izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s<\/span><\/a>. Tom\u0113r <\/span>da\u017ei p\u0113t\u012bjumi to nav atkl\u0101ju\u0161i<\/span><\/a>. Atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s tik un t\u0101 past\u0101v rindas uz donoru org\u0101niem. Turkl\u0101t dz\u012bvu donoru \u012bpatsvars ar\u012b ir <\/span>zem\u0101ks atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s nek\u0101 piekri\u0161anas izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s<\/span><\/a>. Atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113mu gad\u012bjum\u0101 cilv\u0113kiem var rasties ar\u012b izj\u016bta, ka <\/span>valsts kontrol\u0113 vi\u0146u org\u0101nus<\/span><\/a>. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka ties\u012bbu akti, kas paredz atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113li, visticam\u0101k, neatrisin\u0101s org\u0101nu tr\u016bkuma probl\u0113mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0122imenes loma<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0122imenes locek\u013ciem bie\u017ei tiek jaut\u0101ts, vai dr\u012bkst transplant\u0113t miru\u0161\u0101 org\u0101nus. Tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgi \u201cm\u012bkstaj\u0101s\u201d atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s. Ja miru\u0161ais ir re\u0123istr\u0113jis savu gribu, \u0123imenes locek\u013ciem ir viegl\u0101k <\/span>izlemt par transplant\u0101ciju<\/span><\/a>. Ta\u010du, ja miru\u0161ais nav re\u0123istr\u0113jis vai nav p\u0101rrun\u0101jis savu izv\u0113li ar \u0123imeni, \u0123imenes locek\u013ciem var b\u016bt \u013coti gr\u016bti pie\u0146emt l\u0113mumu. Pat atteik\u0161an\u0101s izv\u0113les sist\u0113m\u0101s \u0123imenes locek\u013ci bie\u017e\u0101k apstiprina transplant\u0101ciju tad, ja miru\u0161ais ir <\/span>\u012bpa\u0161i piekritis tai sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar gad\u012bjumiem, kad miru\u0161ais nav re\u0123istr\u0113jis savu l\u0113mumu<\/span><\/a>. Rosinot cilv\u0113kus re\u0123istr\u0113t savu izv\u0113li, svar\u012bgi atg\u0101din\u0101t, ka tad \u0123imenes locek\u013ci var\u0113s saprast vi\u0146u gribu. Tas var palielin\u0101t potenci\u0101lo donoru skaitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Faktori, kas nosaka re\u0123istr\u0113\u0161an\u0101s varb\u016bt\u012bbu<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

L\u0113mumu re\u0123istr\u0113t savu izv\u0113li ietekm\u0113 daudzi faktori. Demogr\u0101fiskie dati ir saist\u012bti ar re\u0123istr\u0113to izv\u0113\u013cu datiem. Piem\u0113ram, Apvienotaj\u0101 Karalist\u0113 etnisk\u0101s minorit\u0101tes <\/span>ret\u0101k izv\u0113las re\u0123istr\u0113t piekri\u0161anu un bie\u017e\u0101k izv\u0113las re\u0123istr\u0113t atteik\u0161anos<\/span><\/a>, un \u013coti svar\u012bgi b\u016btu veikt p\u0113t\u012bjumus, kas sniegtu izpratni, k\u0101p\u0113c tas t\u0101 ir. Re\u0123istr\u0101ciju ietekm\u0113 ar\u012b soci\u0101lie faktori. T. s. \u201c<\/span>vientu\u013c\u0101 vilka efekts<\/span><\/a>\u201d liecina, ka cilv\u0113ki bie\u017e\u0101k re\u0123istr\u0113 atteik\u0161anos, ja nov\u0113ro, ka to dara citi. Turkl\u0101t re\u0123istr\u0101ciju nosaka ar\u012b <\/span>emocion\u0101l\u0101 p\u0101rliec\u012bba par org\u0101nu ziedo\u0161anu<\/span><\/a>. Tie cilv\u0113ki, kuriem pati doma par ziedo\u0161anu <\/span>izraisa riebumu (\u201cfui\u201d faktors), un tie cilv\u0113ki, kas uzskata, ka \u0137ermenis ir j\u0101saglab\u0101 neskarts (\u0137erme\u0146a integrit\u0101te)<\/span><\/a>, visticam\u0101k, nere\u0123istr\u0113sies k\u0101 donori. P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 ar\u012b konstat\u0113ts, ka cilv\u0113ki bie\u017e\u0101k re\u0123istr\u0113jas k\u0101 donori, ja uzskata, ka ziedo\u0161ana ir lietder\u012bga (piem\u0113ram, ziedo\u0161ana gl\u0101bj dz\u012bv\u012bbas; uztvertie ieguvumi). Da\u017ek\u0101rt past\u0101v at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp cilv\u0113ku <\/span>v\u0113lmi vai gatav\u012bbu veikt k\u0101du darb\u012bbu un vi\u0146u faktisko r\u012bc\u012bbu<\/span><\/a>. Cilv\u0113ks var v\u0113l\u0113ties piekrist savu org\u0101nu ziedo\u0161anai, tom\u0113r savu izv\u0113li t\u0101 ar\u012b nere\u0123istr\u0113t. Pozit\u012bv\u0101ku emociju att\u012bst\u012b\u0161ana pret org\u0101nu ziedo\u0161anu var rosin\u0101t cilv\u0113kus, kuri ir gatavi ziedot, r\u012bkoties un pievienoties org\u0101nu donoru re\u0123istram.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kognit\u012bv\u0101 p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161ana ietver pal\u012bdz\u012bbas snieg\u0161anu pozit\u012bv\u0101kai dom\u0101\u0161anai par k\u0101du tematu, lai main\u012btu cilv\u0113ku emocijas. Nesen\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 m\u0113s aicin\u0101j\u0101m cilv\u0113kus, kuri nebija re\u0123istr\u0113ju\u0161i l\u0113mumu par org\u0101nu ziedo\u0161anu, veikt kognit\u012bvo p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu \u2013 l\u016bdz\u0101m apsv\u0113rt ziedo\u0161anas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas (piem\u0113ram: ziedo\u0161ana izgl\u0101bj dz\u012bv\u012bbas, pie\u0161\u0137ir j\u0113gu tuvinieka n\u0101vei). M\u0113s secin\u0101j\u0101m, ka \u0161\u0101da kognit\u012bv\u0101 p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161ana palielina cilv\u0113ku v\u0113lmi re\u0123istr\u0113ties un nor\u0101d\u012bt savu izv\u0113li. Bet liel\u0101ka gatav\u012bba re\u0123istr\u0113ties paaugstina varb\u016bt\u012bbu, ka cilv\u0113ki apstiprin\u0101s piekri\u0161anu b\u016bt par donoriem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praktiski ieteikumi<\/b><\/p>\n