{"id":2775,"date":"2023-03-22T10:29:02","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T10:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2775"},"modified":"2025-11-04T13:57:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T13:57:02","slug":"effective-risk-communication-is-about-more-than-behaviour-change-lets-talk-about-personal-risk-appraisals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2023\/03\/effective-risk-communication-is-about-more-than-behaviour-change-lets-talk-about-personal-risk-appraisals\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Efekt\u012bva riska komunik\u0101cija ir kas vair\u0101k nek\u0101 uzved\u012bbas mai\u0146a \u2013 parun\u0101sim par person\u012bg\u0101 riska nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Viktorija Vufa (Victoria Woof) un Deivids Fren\u010ds (David French), Man\u010destras Universit\u0101te, AK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tradicion\u0101li medic\u012bn\u0101 un vesel\u012bbas psiholo\u0123ij\u0101 tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi sniedz pacientiem personaliz\u0113tus vi\u0146u slim\u012bbas riska datus ar m\u0113r\u0137i nov\u0113rst slim\u012bbas. Ja komunik\u0101cija par riskiem veicina vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146as, t\u0101 potenci\u0101li var mazin\u0101t slim\u012bbu att\u012bst\u012bbu un diagnostic\u0113t slim\u012bbas \u0101rst\u0113jam\u0101 stadij\u0101. Piem\u0113ram, izgl\u012bto\u0161ana par sirds un asinsvadu slim\u012bbu riskiem tiek sniegta ar m\u0113r\u0137i veicin\u0101t fizisk\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes un uzlabot uzturu, lai \u0161os riskus\u00a0 var\u0113tu samazin\u0101t. Ta\u010du ir iesp\u0113jami v\u0113l citi m\u0113r\u0137i un rezult\u0101ti, kas j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, sniedzot inform\u0101ciju par slim\u012bbas riskiem. V\u0113l vair\u0101k, \u2013 j\u0101atceras, ka vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listu un pacientu vai sabiedr\u012bbas locek\u013cu m\u0113r\u0137i ne vienm\u0113r ir saska\u0146oti. Ir identific\u0113ti vair\u0101ki saist\u012bti riska komunik\u0101cijas m\u0113r\u0137i, tostarp inform\u0101cij\u0101 balst\u012btas izv\u0113les veicin\u0101\u0161ana un <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/article-abstract\/2766214\">atbilsto\u0161u afekt\u012bvu reakciju\u00a0 rad\u012b\u0161ana, k\u0101 ar\u012b uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146u rosin\u0101\u0161ana<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 risku komunik\u0101cijas prakse un sekas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lai atvieglotu skaitliskas inform\u0101cijas izpratni un uzlabotu risku komunik\u0101ciju, ir izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101tas da\u017e\u0101das pieejas datu ataino\u0161anai, piem\u0113ram, tiek izmantots riska vizu\u0101ls att\u0113lojums ar ikonu virkn\u0113m (proti, ikon\u0101m, kas att\u0113lo riskam pak\u013cauto cilv\u0113ku skaitu). Tom\u0113r inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113jiem joproj\u0101m var b\u016bt gr\u016bt\u012bbas izprast skait\u013cos b\u0101z\u0113tus datus un to noz\u012bmi,\u00a0 un <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article\/51\/5\/718\/4648590?login=true\">\u0161\u0101dai riska inform\u0101cijas snieg\u0161anai pa\u0161ai par sevi, \u0161\u0137iet, nav noz\u012bm\u012bgas vai ilgsto\u0161as ietekmes uz uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m<\/a>. Viens no iesp\u0113jamiem izskaidrojumiem ietekmes tr\u016bkumam ir t\u0101ds, ka inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju priek\u0161statu mai\u0146a par vi\u0146u uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bbu pret slim\u012bb\u0101m, izmantojot tikai skaitlisku inform\u0101ciju par risku, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23731175\/\">ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i v\u0101ja intervence; savuk\u0101rt p\u0101rliec\u012bbai par pa\u0161efektivit\u0101ti un sp\u0113ju tikt gal\u0101 ar gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m (t.\u00a0i., cik\u00a0 indiv\u012bda uzskatam, ka vi\u0146am piem\u012bt sp\u0113ja r\u012bkoties), iesp\u0113jams, ir pozit\u012bv\u0101ka ietekme uz uzved\u012bbas mai\u0146u<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Tom\u0113r, k\u0101 min\u0113ts iepriek\u0161, risku komunik\u0101cijai ir ar\u012b citi m\u0113r\u0137i. P\u0113t\u012bjumos par v\u0113\u017ea risku noskaidrots, ka indiv\u012bdi saprot un sp\u0113j atsaukt atmi\u0146\u0101 sava riska prognozes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6919334\/\">Tom\u0113r, neskatoties uz prec\u012bziem skaidrojumiem, \u0161ie cilv\u0113ki ne vienm\u0113r tic, ka riska nov\u0113rt\u0113jums atspogu\u013co vi\u0146u uztverto risku, un vairums no vi\u0146iem p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113 savu risku<\/a>. \u0160\u0137iet, ka indiv\u012bdiem jau iepriek\u0161 ir izveidojies priek\u0161stats par savu risku, kas nemain\u0101s, kad tiek sniegts skaitlisks kl\u012bniskais nov\u0113rt\u0113jums. Kas to var\u0113tu izrais\u012bt?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Risku komunik\u0101cija un person\u012bgo risku izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Person\u012bg\u0101 pieredze saist\u012bb\u0101 ar \u0123imenes slim\u012bb\u0101m, person\u012bgo gaidu un kl\u012bnisko apl\u0113\u0161u sakrit\u012bba un person\u012bg\u0101s idejas par c\u0113lo\u0146iem ietekm\u0113 to, k\u0101 tiek uztverts un internaliz\u0113ts kl\u012bnisk\u0101 riska nov\u0113rt\u0113jums \u2013 \u012bpa\u0161i kr\u016bts v\u0113\u017ea. <a href=\"https:\/\/research.manchester.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/psychological-impact-of-risk-stratified-screening-as-part-of-the-\">Kl\u012bnisk\u0101 riska apl\u0113ses snieg\u0161anai ir maza ietekme uz emocion\u0101laj\u0101m reakcij\u0101m, bet jau eso\u0161\u0101s emocijas (izv\u0113rt\u0113tas pirms riska pazi\u0146o\u0161anas) ir sp\u0113c\u012bgs riska apr\u0113\u0137inu uztveres un reakcijas prognoz\u0113t\u0101js<\/a>. Ja m\u0113s neatz\u012bsim \u0161\u0101da veida faktus, m\u016bsu izmantot\u0101s riska komunik\u0101cijas metodes nepal\u012bdz\u0113s pie\u0146emt\u00a0 inform\u0101cij\u0101 balst\u012btus l\u0113mumus un prec\u012bzi nov\u0113rt\u0113t riskus.<\/p>\n<p>Nesen public\u0113t\u0101 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41416-022-01944-x\">kvalitat\u012bvo p\u0113t\u012bjumu sistem\u0101tisk\u0101 p\u0101rskat\u0101<\/a> m\u0113s esam uzsv\u0113ru\u0161i, ka \u0123imen\u0113 piedz\u012bvot\u0101 kr\u016bts v\u0113\u017ea smagums ietekm\u0113 sievie\u0161u iesaist\u012b\u0161anos profilaktiskaj\u0101 uzved\u012bb\u0101. Ja kr\u016bts v\u0113zis nav galven\u0101 priorit\u0101te sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar cit\u0101m slim\u012bb\u0101m, iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s profilakses pas\u0101kumos var tikt atst\u0101ta nov\u0101rt\u0101, jo citas slim\u012bbas \u0123imen\u0113 rada liel\u0101ku satraukumu. T\u0101pat, ja iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s prognozes par risku nesakr\u012bt ar kl\u012bnisk\u0101 riska apl\u0113si, sievietes var rea\u0123\u0113t ar \u0161aub\u0101m un \u0161oku, un uztic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s nov\u0113rt\u0113jumam var mazin\u0101ties. Ja kl\u012bniskais nov\u0113rt\u0113jums neatbilst iepriek\u0161\u0113jiem uzskatiem un gaid\u0101m, ieteikumi veikt izmai\u0146as uztur\u0101 vai lietot profilaktiskos medikamentus\u00a0 var netikt \u0146emti v\u0113r\u0101.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Virz\u012bba uz personisk\u0101ku pieeju riska komunik\u0101cijai<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Indiv\u012bds, kas sa\u0146em personaliz\u0113tu slim\u012bbas riska nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu, nav pas\u012bvs \u0161\u012bs inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113js. Tas ir cilv\u0113ks, kas izmanto savu soci\u0101lo kontekstu, person\u012bgos aizspriedumus, v\u0113rt\u012bbas un pieredzi, lai izprastu inform\u0101ciju par savu risku, un \u0161\u012b izpratne var neatbilst inform\u0101cijas sniedz\u0113ja m\u0113r\u0137im vai statistiskajam riskam.<\/p>\n<p>B\u016btu lietder\u012bgs atkl\u0101ts dialogs ar slim\u012bbas riska inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju, aptverot vair\u0101k nek\u0101 tikai skaitlisko apl\u0113si, lai tuvin\u0101tu m\u0113r\u0137us un datus. Lai efekt\u012bvi inform\u0113tu par risku, vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listam vispirms ir j\u0101konstat\u0113, k\u0101das zin\u0101\u0161anas un izpratne par konkr\u0113to slim\u012bbas risku cilv\u0113kam ir pa\u0161reiz. \u0160\u0101di r\u012bkojoties, speci\u0101lists nodro\u0161in\u0101tu sev un inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113jam iesp\u0113ju diskut\u0113t par kop\u012bgu izpratni, lai veiksm\u012bgi atrisin\u0101tu p\u0101rpratumus un saska\u0146otu savus m\u0113r\u0137us. Vair\u0101k laika, kas velt\u012bts individualiz\u0113tas un piel\u0101gotas atgriezenisk\u0101s saites snieg\u0161anai, visticam\u0101k, uzlabotu to, k\u0101 inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ji dom\u0101 par savu risku, palielin\u0101tu abu pu\u0161u p\u0101rliec\u012bbu par kop\u012bgu inform\u0101cij\u0101 balst\u012btu l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu, k\u0101 ar\u012b veicin\u0101tu ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas p\u0101rmai\u0146as vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktiski ieteikumi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u0101di ir j\u016bsu riska komunik\u0101cijas m\u0113r\u0137i <\/strong>\u2013 pirms slim\u012bbas riska inform\u0101cijas snieg\u0161anas ir svar\u012bgi vispirms noteikt, k\u0101ds ir v\u0113lamais inform\u0113\u0161anas m\u0113r\u0137is, \u2013 piem\u0113ram, uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146as vai inform\u0101cij\u0101 balst\u012btas izv\u0113les. Kad m\u0113r\u0137is ir noteikts, speci\u0101listam ir j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 ar\u012b inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja m\u0113r\u0137i un j\u0101sadarbojas, lai atrastu kopsauc\u0113ju.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uzs\u0101ciet dialogu ar inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju <\/strong>\u2013 dodiet iesp\u0113ju inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113jam izteikt savas domas, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu, k\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 uztver savu risku un vai vi\u0146am ir nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anas, lai izdar\u012btu inform\u0101cij\u0101 balst\u012btu izv\u0113li, un pal\u012bdziet vi\u0146am izdar\u012bt izv\u0113li, lai k\u0101da t\u0101 ar\u012b b\u016btu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ar cie\u0146u apstr\u012bdiet p\u0101rpratumus<\/strong> \u2013 sadarbojieties ar inform\u0101cijas sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju, lai apspriestu mald\u012bgas idejas un nov\u0113rstu zin\u0101\u0161anu tr\u016bkumu. Tas rad\u012bs pamatus apzin\u0101t\u0101kai l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anai, ja t\u0101ds ir komunik\u0101cijas m\u0113r\u0137is.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piel\u0101gojiet savu komunik\u0101ciju<\/strong> \u2013 padom\u0101jiet par sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja vajadz\u012bb\u0101m un izveidojiet lab\u0101kos veidus, k\u0101 nodot zin\u0101\u0161anas, lai iesaist\u012btos j\u0113gpiln\u0101 diskusij\u0101. To var izdar\u012bt, sadalot inform\u0101cijas apjomu, proti, vispirms <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0272989X08327066\">sniedzot \u012bsu inform\u0101ciju vai \u201ckopsavilkumu\u201d<\/a> un v\u0113l\u0101k p\u0113c piepras\u012bjuma to papildinot ar detaliz\u0113t\u0101ku materi\u0101lu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Victoria Woof and David French, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK Traditionally in medicine and health psychology, healthcare professionals have provided patients with their personalised disease risks with the aim of preventing disease. Where risk communication [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2775"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4550,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2775\/revisions\/4550"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}