{"id":2510,"date":"2022-08-04T07:20:38","date_gmt":"2022-08-04T07:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2510"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:01:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:01:36","slug":"make-or-break-the-importance-of-breaks-in-healthcare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2022\/08\/make-or-break-the-importance-of-breaks-in-healthcare\/","title":{"rendered":"Pan\u0101kumi bez p\u0101rtraukuma: p\u0101rtraukumu noz\u012bme vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bp\u0113"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u017e\u016blija Alana (Julia Allan), Aberd\u012bnas Universit\u0101te, Skotija<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u016bsdienu dz\u012bves ritms ir drud\u017eains. M\u0113s arvien vair\u0101k dz\u012bvojam digit\u0101l\u0101 pasaul\u0113, kur esam vienm\u0113r \u201cpiesl\u0113gu\u0161ies\u201d un kur patiesas atelpas periodi p\u0113c darba ir reti. Daudzi cilv\u0113ki regul\u0101ri str\u0101d\u0101 garas darba stundas, un tas jo \u012bpa\u0161i attiecas uz vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem, kas str\u0101d\u0101 prim\u0101rajos vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes dienestos. Vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes kontekst\u0101 darba laiks un pras\u012bbas m\u0113dz b\u016bt augstas, tipiska darba mai\u0146a parasti p\u0101rsniedz 8 stundas, un nebeidzamais darba apjoms rada spriedzi. Ja pacientiem, kas ierodas nep\u0101rtraukti, nepiecie\u0161ama neatliekama pal\u012bdz\u012bba, vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem ir pien\u0101kums to nodro\u0161in\u0101t neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, cik noslogoti vi\u0146i ir biju\u0161i vai cik ilgi vi\u0146i ir str\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i. \u0160o augsto pras\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c atp\u016btas p\u0101rtraukumu ignor\u0113\u0161ana vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes iest\u0101d\u0113s ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi izplat\u012bta \u2013 piem\u0113ram, tiek zi\u0146ots, ka <\/span>1 no 10 medm\u0101s\u0101m nekad ne\u0146em pien\u0101c\u012bgu p\u0101rtraukumu, un 1 no 3 reti vai nemaz neizmanto pusdienu p\u0101rtraukumu savu mai\u0146u laik\u0101<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Neizmantotajiem atp\u016btas p\u0101rtraukumiem ir virkne negat\u012bvu seku \u2013 s\u0101kot ar praktisku diskomfortu, ko rada nesp\u0113ja doties uz tualeti vai <\/span>pa\u0113st vesel\u012bgi<\/span><\/a>, l\u012bdz <\/span>demoraliz\u0101cijas un neapmierin\u0101t\u012bbas izj\u016btai<\/span><\/a> un kognit\u012bv\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m, ko var rad\u012bt ilgsto\u0161i darba periodi bez pien\u0101c\u012bgiem p\u0101rtraukumiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kognit\u012bv\u0101s izmai\u0146as, kas rodas, str\u0101d\u0101jot ilgas stundas bez p\u0101rtraukuma, ir viens no galvenajiem argumentiem par labu regul\u0101r\u0101m atp\u016btas pauz\u0113m. Mums visiem ir pieredze, ka garas darba dienas beig\u0101s j\u016btamies noguru\u0161i un iztuk\u0161oti, mums ir gr\u016bti pie\u0146emt l\u0113mumus un m\u0113s nesp\u0113jam koncentr\u0113ties uz m\u016bsu priek\u0161\u0101 eso\u0161o uzdevumu. \u0160is kognit\u012bv\u0101s veiktsp\u0113jas kritums ir piln\u012bgi dabisks un atspogu\u013co faktu, ka cilv\u0113ka pr\u0101ts vienk\u0101r\u0161i nav paredz\u0113ts, lai ilgsto\u0161i koncentr\u0113tos uz vienu un to pa\u0161u uzdevumu. Paties\u012bb\u0101 no kognit\u012bv\u0101 viedok\u013ca zi\u0146\u0101 nogurums ir <\/span>adapt\u012bvs sign\u0101ls<\/span><\/a> \u2013 z\u012bme, ka esam p\u0101r\u0101k ilgi nodarboju\u0161ies ar k\u0101du uzdevumu un mums ir nepiecie\u0161ams p\u0101rtraukums, pirms s\u0101kam pie\u013caut k\u013c\u016bdas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jau vair\u0101k nek\u0101 pirms gadsimta tika noskaidrots, k\u0101das negat\u012bv\u0101s sekas rodas, ilgsto\u0161i str\u0101d\u0101jot bez p\u0101rtraukuma. Vien\u0101 no varon\u012bg\u0101kajiem piem\u0113riem <\/span>Tsuro Arai<\/span><\/a>, pirm\u0101 jap\u0101niete, kas ieguvusi doktora gr\u0101du, piespieda sevi veikt koncentr\u0113\u0161anos praso\u0161u darba uzdevumu (risinot sare\u017e\u0123\u012btus reizin\u0101\u0161anas uzdevumus) nep\u0101rtraukti 12 stundas vair\u0101kas dienas p\u0113c k\u0101rtas bez atp\u016btas. Nav p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161i, ka, palielinoties uzdevuma izpildes laikam, vi\u0146as sniegums k\u013cuva l\u0113n\u0101ks un maz\u0101k prec\u012bzs, t\u0101 pirmo reizi emp\u012briski pier\u0101dot, ka optim\u0101lu kognit\u012bvo funkciju nevar uztur\u0113t 12 stundas bez p\u0101rtraukuma. Neraugoties uz to, m\u016bsdienu vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes darbinieki bie\u017ei str\u0101d\u0101 \u0161\u0101du periodu bez atbilsto\u0161iem atp\u016btas p\u0101rtraukumiem. <\/span>Noz\u012bm\u012bgs p\u0113t\u012bjums, kur\u0101 piedal\u012bj\u0101s aptuveni 400 medm\u0101sas vair\u0101k nek\u0101 5000 mai\u0146u laik\u0101<\/span><\/a>, par\u0101d\u012bja, ka \u2013 l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Arai eksperiment\u0101 \u2013 medm\u0101sas, kuras str\u0101d\u0101ja vair\u0101k nek\u0101 12 stundas vienlaikus (apm\u0113ram 40 % no atlas\u012btaj\u0101m mai\u0146\u0101m), pie\u013c\u0101va iev\u0113rojami vair\u0101k k\u013c\u016bdu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Papildus k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m, kas saist\u012btas ar uzman\u012bbas un atmi\u0146as trauc\u0113jumiem, arvien vair\u0101k pier\u0101d\u012bjumu liecina, ka l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161ana paredzami main\u0101s ilgos darba periodos, un \u0161o par\u0101d\u012bbu sauc par \u201cl\u0113mumu nogurumu\u201d. T\u0101 k\u0101 cilv\u0113ki arvien vair\u0101k nep\u0101rtraukti pie\u0146em l\u0113mumus, vi\u0146i s\u0101k pak\u0101peniski p\u0101riet uz t\u0101du l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu, kas kaut k\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 ir kognit\u012bvi viegl\u0101ki (piem\u0113ram, pie\u0146emot autom\u0101tiskus jeb standarta l\u0113mumus, nododot l\u0113muma pie\u0146em\u0161anu citai personai vai pie\u0146emot \u0101trus l\u0113mumus, balstoties vien praktiskaj\u0101 pieredz\u0113, ta\u010du ignor\u0113jot teoriju). Vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bp\u0113 m\u0113s redzam skaidrus pier\u0101d\u012bjumus tam, analiz\u0113jot darba mai\u0146as. Piem\u0113ram, jo ilg\u0101ks laiks pag\u0101jis kop\u0161 p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s atp\u016btas pauzes, jo bie\u017e\u0101k <\/span>\u0123imenes \u0101rsti nevajadz\u012bgi izraksta antibiotikas<\/span><\/a> un <\/span>medm\u0101sas nos\u016bta pacientus pie citiem vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem<\/span><\/a>. P\u0113d\u0113jais piem\u0113rs nor\u0101da uz galveno probl\u0113mu. No kognit\u012bv\u0101 viedok\u013ca probl\u0113ma ir nevis kop\u0113j\u0101 darba apjom\u0101, bet gan bez p\u0101rtraukuma paveikt\u0101 darba apjom\u0101. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, optim\u0101las kognit\u012bv\u0101s darb\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161anai vis\u0101 darba mai\u0146as ilgum\u0101 iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161i svar\u012bga noz\u012bme ir atp\u016btas p\u0101rtraukumu laikam un esam\u012bbai (vai neesam\u012bbai), nevis kop\u0113jai darba slodzei.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Protams, ir viegl\u0101k pateikt nek\u0101 pan\u0101kt, lai medic\u012bnas darbinieki \u0146emtu atp\u016btas pauzes saspringtajos vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes dienesta apst\u0101k\u013cos. Tom\u0113r pier\u0101d\u012bjumi ir nep\u0101rprotami: jebk\u0101da veida p\u0101rtraukums ir lab\u0101ks par piln\u012bgu t\u0101 tr\u016bkumu, un regul\u0101ri p\u0101rtraukumi ir j\u0101uzskata par b\u016btisku un neaizst\u0101jamu darba dienas sast\u0101vda\u013cu. Pat tad, ja nav laika pien\u0101c\u012bgam p\u0101rtraukumam, pier\u0101d\u012bjumi liecina, ka ir lietder\u012bgi velt\u012bt kaut vai da\u017eas min\u016btes, lai nov\u0113rstu domas no uzdevuma, izstieptos un dzi\u013ci ieelpotu. Intens\u012bvas darb\u012bbas laik\u0101 \u201c<\/span>mikropauzes<\/span><\/a>\u201d, t. i., da\u017eu min\u016b\u0161u p\u0101rtraukumi, var b\u016bt pietiekami, lai mazin\u0101tu vismaz da\u013cu no ilgsto\u0161a nep\u0101rtraukta darba negat\u012bvaj\u0101m sek\u0101m. Piem\u0113ram, p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka \u0137irurgi, kuri oper\u0101ciju laik\u0101 veic regul\u0101ras, \u012bsas mikropauzes (no 90 sekund\u0113m l\u012bdz 5 min\u016bt\u0113m), zi\u0146o par lab\u0101ku <\/span>fizisko un gar\u012bgo sniegumu<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>samazin\u0101tu stresu un maz\u0101ku sare\u017e\u0123\u012bjumu skaitu oper\u0101ciju laik\u0101<\/span><\/a>. Svar\u012bgi, ka oper\u0101cijas, kur\u0101s tika iek\u013cautas \u0161\u012bs mikropauzes, nebija ilg\u0101kas par standarta oper\u0101cij\u0101m, kas liecina par to, ka p\u0101rtraukumi \u201catmaks\u0101jas\u201d, jo tie pal\u012bdz nov\u0113rst neizb\u0113gamo \u0101truma un efektivit\u0101tes samazin\u0101\u0161anos, kas rodas, ilgsto\u0161i str\u0101d\u0101jot bez p\u0101rtraukuma.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u012as\u0101k sakot, p\u0101rtraukumi ir b\u016btiska vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes (un citu!) darbinieku darba dienas sast\u0101vda\u013ca.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Praktiski ieteikumi<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pie\u0161\u0137iriet priorit\u0101ti p\u0101rtraukumiem<\/b> \u2013 ilgsto\u0161a koncentr\u0113\u0161anas uz vienu uzdevumu nav produkt\u012bva. T\u0101 ietekm\u0113 to, k\u0101 j\u016bs pie\u0146emat l\u0113mumus, padara j\u016bs l\u0113n\u0101kus un vair\u0101k pak\u013cautus k\u013c\u016bd\u012b\u0161an\u0101s riskam, un var attur\u0113t j\u016bs no uzved\u012bbas, kas uztur optim\u0101lu vesel\u012bbu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Ja nevarat pa\u0146emt pilnu p\u0101rtraukumu, pa\u0146emiet vismaz pauzi<\/b>: piecelieties k\u0101j\u0101s vai pasperiet da\u017eus so\u013cus nost no darba vietas; izstaipieties un da\u017eas reizes dzi\u013ci ieelpojiet. Ir g\u016bti pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, ka pat 30 sekun\u017eu atp\u016bta var pal\u012bdz\u0113t samazin\u0101t nep\u0101rtraukta darba kognit\u012bvo ietekmi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Mainiet savus uzdevumus visas dienas gait\u0101. <\/b>Koncentr\u0113jieties uz vienu uzdevumu noteiktu laiku un p\u0113c tam (ja vien neatrodaties \u201cpl\u016bsm\u0101\u201d) p\u0101rsl\u0113dzieties uz kaut ko citu. Daudz\u0113j\u0101dos aspektos uzdevumu mai\u0146a var b\u016bt tikpat laba k\u0101 atp\u016bta.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Mudiniet citus \u0146emt p\u0101rtraukumus <\/b>un struktur\u0113jiet j\u016bsu kontrol\u0113 eso\u0161os pakalpojumus un darba uzdevumus t\u0101, lai darbinieki var\u0113tu pa\u0146emt regul\u0101rus p\u0101rtraukumus. M\u016bsdienu sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 arvien svar\u012bg\u0101ka k\u013c\u016bst proakt\u012bva atelpas periodu iek\u013cau\u0161ana darba dienas garum\u0101.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u00a0Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Julia Allan, Aberdeen University, Scotland Modern life is hectic. We live in an increasingly \u2018switched on\u2019 digital world where periods of true respite from work are rare. Many people regularly work for lengthy periods and this is particularly the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2519,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-self-regulation","category-stress-and-coping"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2510"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4559,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2510\/revisions\/4559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}