{"id":2485,"date":"2022-06-01T11:38:22","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T11:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2485"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:02:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:02:20","slug":"linking-the-elephant-to-the-rider-the-role-of-motivation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2022\/06\/linking-the-elephant-to-the-rider-the-role-of-motivation\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101 saska\u0146ot ziloni ar j\u0101tnieku: motiv\u0101cijas loma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Antonio Labiza Palmeira (Ant\u00f3nio Labisa Palmeira), \u201cCIDEFES \u2013 Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u201d, Portug\u0101le; ISBNPA izpilddirektors\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ilgtermi\u0146a motiv\u0101cija ar vesel\u012bbu saist\u012btai uzved\u012bbai var n\u0101kt no da\u017e\u0101diem avotiem. Uzved\u012bbas p\u0113tnieki joproj\u0101m cen\u0161as noskaidrot, k\u0101 \u0161ie avoti sader cits ar citu. Piem\u0113ram, es skrienu gandr\u012bz katru dienu un daru to jau vair\u0101k nek\u0101 30 gadus. K\u0101 un k\u0101p\u0113c esmu sp\u0113jis uztur\u0113t \u0161o uzved\u012bbas modeli?<\/span><\/p>\n

Daniels K\u0101nemans (<\/span>Daniel Kahnemann<\/span><\/a>) teiktu, ka darbojas divas motiv\u0101cijas sist\u0113mas: 1. sist\u0113ma, kas saist\u012bta ar instinktiem un emocij\u0101m, un 2. sist\u0113ma, kas saist\u012bta ar p\u0101rdom\u0101tu un apzin\u0101tu izv\u0113li. Vi\u0146\u0161 var\u0113tu apgalvot, ka mani mudina skriet 2. sist\u0113ma, t\u0101p\u0113c ka es apzinos fizisko vingrin\u0101jumu rad\u012btos ieguvumus vesel\u012bbai. No otras puses, Eds D\u012bs\u012b (<\/span>Ed Deci<\/span><\/a>) var\u0113tu teikt, ka es esmu iek\u0161\u0113ji motiv\u0113ts skriet un daru to t\u0101p\u0113c, ka tas atbilst man\u0101m v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m un pat\u012bbai un man tas pat\u012bk.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kura versija ir pareiza? Es teiktu, ka abas, un vesel\u012bgas uzved\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161anas izskaidrojumam noder\u012bgas var\u0113tu b\u016bt ar\u012b vair\u0101kas citas teorijas. K\u0101 \u0161\u012bs teorijas sader kop\u0101 un k\u0101 m\u0113s varam t\u0101s izmantot ikdienas praks\u0113? Piem\u0113ram, k\u0101 1. un 2. sist\u0113ma var efekt\u012bvi apmain\u012bties ar inform\u0101ciju? Izprotot \u0161os meh\u0101nismus, m\u0113s varam pal\u012bdz\u0113t pacientiem saglab\u0101t vesel\u012bgu uzved\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Es apgalvo\u0161u, ka sarun\u0101 par \u0161o jaut\u0101jumu liela noz\u012bme ir iek\u0161\u0113jai motiv\u0101cijai, un es izmanto\u0161u <\/span>Haidta st\u0101stu par ziloni un j\u0101tnieku<\/span><\/a>, lai analiz\u0113tu to. Haidta metafora atbilst iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012btajam dubult\u0101s apstr\u0101des modelim, nor\u0101dot, ka zilonis ir m\u016bsu 1. sist\u0113ma, kuru vada m\u016bsu fiziolo\u0123ija. T\u0101 ietekm\u0113 uzved\u012bbu instinkt\u012bvi, un to ietekm\u0113 netie\u0161a (zemapzi\u0146\u0101 eso\u0161a) inform\u0101cija. J\u0101tnieks ir m\u016bsu 2. sist\u0113ma, ko virza \u201cpar\u201d un \u201cpret\u201d apsv\u0113rumi, kas tiek rad\u012bti, izmantojot prec\u012bzi formul\u0113tu (apzin\u0101tu) inform\u0101ciju.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kad j\u0101tnieks nav p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, kura inform\u0101cija ir lab\u0101ka, zilonis p\u0101r\u0146em vad\u012bbu un instinkt\u012bvi dara savu dar\u0101mo. Piem\u0113ram, zilonis, kur\u0161 ir att\u012bst\u012bjies tr\u016bkuma laikmet\u0101, mudin\u0101s j\u016bs izmantot katru iesp\u0113ju uz\u0146emt kalorij\u0101m bag\u0101tu p\u0101rtiku vai samazin\u0101t fizisko slodzi l\u012bdz minimumam. M\u016bsdien\u0101s, p\u0101rpiln\u012bbas laikmet\u0101, tas ir problem\u0101tiski, jo j\u0101tnieks ir p\u0101r\u0146emts ar pretrun\u012bgu inform\u0101ciju par to, kur\u0101 virzien\u0101 j\u0101mekl\u0113 vesel\u012bgas uzved\u012bbas orientieri. Padom\u0101jiet par to, cik daudz da\u017e\u0101du di\u0113tu ir pieejams… \u0160\u012b inform\u0101cijas p\u0101rbag\u0101t\u012bba veicina nevesel\u012bgu ieradumu veido\u0161anos, piem\u0113ram, p\u0101r\u0113\u0161anos un fizisk\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes tr\u016bkumu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ieradumi ir autom\u0101tiska reakcija, kas seko noteikta veida nosac\u012bjumiem, un ieradumiem ir b\u016btiska noz\u012bme <\/span>uztura uzved\u012bbas un fizisk\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes veido\u0161an\u0101<\/span><\/a>. Piem\u0113ram, ja dien\u0101 j\u0101pie\u0146em vair\u0101k nek\u0101 <\/span>220 l\u0113mumu par p\u0101rtiku vien<\/span><\/a>, m\u0113s lab\u0101k izmantojam eso\u0161os ieradumus, lai izvair\u012btos no l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anas paral\u012bzes (t. i., nepie\u0146emam nek\u0101du l\u0113mumu, jo ir p\u0101r\u0101k daudz pieejamo iesp\u0113ju), un pabarojam sevi ar kaut ko ierastu, pat ja t\u0101 nav vesel\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 izv\u0113le.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0101tad svar\u012bg\u0101kais jaut\u0101jums ir \u0161\u0101ds: k\u0101 m\u0113s var\u0113tu veidot vesel\u012bg\u0101kus ieradumus?<\/b><\/p>\n

Manupr\u0101t, vesel\u012bg\u0101kus ieradumus mums var pal\u012bdz\u0113t izveidot digit\u0101l\u0101s vesel\u012bbas ier\u012bces. Piem\u0113ram, <\/span>projekta \u201cNoHoW\u201d<\/span><\/a> ietvaros m\u016bsu grupa izstr\u0101d\u0101ja ar viedpulkste\u0146iem un cit\u0101m valk\u0101jamier\u012bc\u0113m savietotu lietotni, kas past\u0101v\u012bgi v\u0101ca datus par cilv\u0113ka \u201czilo\u0146a\u201d (resp., \u0137erme\u0146a) st\u0101vok\u013ciem. P\u0113c tam lietotne padar\u012bja \u0161o inform\u0101ciju skaidri un tie\u0161i pieejamu apskatei. Tas \u201cj\u0101tniekam\u201d deva jaunu resursu: pa\u0161kontroles datus, kas izriet no \u0137erme\u0146a st\u0101vok\u013ciem. \u0160o resursu var izmantot, lai bag\u0101tin\u0101tu pa\u0161regul\u0101cijas procesus un <\/span>motiv\u0113tu<\/span><\/a> vesel\u012bg\u0101ku uzved\u012bbu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pied\u0101v\u0101jot \u201cj\u0101tniekam\u201d tie\u0161u piek\u013cuvi \u201czilo\u0146a\u201d piedz\u012bvotajam, cilv\u0113kam tiek dota iesp\u0113ja izveidot saikni starp savu uzved\u012bbu un sav\u0101m v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m, uzskatiem un m\u0113r\u0137iem. Piem\u0113ram, kad es skrienu, mans \u201czilonis\u201d \u2013 mans \u0137ermenis \u2013 man saka, ka es j\u016btos stiprs un ener\u0123isks. Tad, p\u0101rbaudot viedpulksteni p\u0113c skr\u0113jiena, es redzu, ka esmu veicis savus 10 000 so\u013cus dien\u0101. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 mans \u201cj\u0101tnieks\u201d j\u016bt, ka p\u0101rvalda situ\u0101ciju, jo \u201czilonis\u201d un \u201cj\u0101tnieks\u201d darbojas saska\u0146oti, un mans pr\u0101ts veido saikni starp ju\u0161anos stipram un ener\u0123iskam un vair\u0101k so\u013cu sasnieg\u0161anu. Tas pastiprina \u0161o uzved\u012bbas modeli.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Valk\u0101jamier\u012b\u010du datu saist\u012b\u0161anai ar cilv\u0113ku iek\u0161\u0113jiem somatiskajiem un emocion\u0101lajiem st\u0101vok\u013ciem var b\u016bt \u0161\u0101das sekas:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cJ\u0101tnieks\u201d un \u201czilonis\u201d k\u013c\u016bst saska\u0146ot\u0101ki, un tas atvieglo v\u0113lam\u0101s uzved\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161anu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Ja \u201cj\u0101tnieks\u201d un \u201czilonis\u201d nedarbojas saska\u0146oti, tas var mudin\u0101t cilv\u0113ku p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113t savus uzved\u012bbas mode\u013cus (to ietekmi).<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Vesel\u012bga uzved\u012bba var k\u013c\u016bt vair\u0101k internaliz\u0113ta (t.\u00a0i., \u0161\u012b uzved\u012bba k\u013c\u016bst par da\u013cu no cilv\u0113ka identit\u0101tes un tiek integr\u0113ta ar to, kas vi\u0146\u0161 ir un ko dara).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0145emot to v\u0113r\u0101, k\u013c\u016bst skaidr\u0101ka atbilde par to, k\u0101 un k\u0101p\u0113c es 30 gadus esmu uztur\u0113jis savu skrie\u0161anas paradumu: es skrienu t\u0101p\u0113c, ka mans \u201cj\u0101tnieks\u201d un mans \u201czilonis\u201d skrie\u0161anas laik\u0101 ir saska\u0146\u0101. Portug\u0101\u013cu valod\u0101 ir paruna: \u201cQuem corre por gosto, n\u00e3o cansa\u201d (tulk. \u201cKas skrien sava prieka p\u0113c, nepagurst\u201d). Tas, ko tev pat\u012bk dar\u012bt, tevi nenogurdina. Man \u0161is ir lielisks piem\u0113rs tam, k\u0101 iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 motiv\u0101cija savieno \u201cziloni\u201d un \u201cj\u0101tnieku\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Pier\u0101d\u012bjumu \u0161ai idejai pagaid\u0101m nav daudz (<\/span>\u0161eit<\/span><\/a> un <\/span>\u0161eit<\/span><\/a>), un p\u0113tniec\u012bba v\u0113l ir s\u0101kumstadij\u0101. Ir nepiecie\u0161ami lab\u0101ki sensori, un lietot\u0146u saturam ir j\u0101b\u016bt balst\u012btam uz pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem. Projekts \u201cNoHoW\u201d tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts, paturot pr\u0101t\u0101 \u0161os apsv\u0113rumus, bet ir nepiecie\u0161ams daudz vair\u0101k p\u0113t\u012bjumu. Mums ir j\u0101apzin\u0101s ar\u012b probl\u0113mas, kas izriet no \u201c<\/span>APPtimisma<\/span><\/a>\u201d, proti, pa\u0161laik ir atrodamas lietotnes gandr\u012bz jebkam, ta\u010du tas nenoz\u012bm\u0113, ka lietotne b\u016bs efekt\u012bva.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Praktiski ieteikumi<\/b><\/p>\n

    \u0145emiet v\u0113r\u0101 iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012bto apsverot, k\u0101 lietotnes vai citas digit\u0101l\u0101s uzved\u012bbas mai\u0146as intervences var ietekm\u0113t zilo\u0146a un j\u0101tnieka mijiedarb\u012bbu vesel\u012bgas uzved\u012bbas pastiprin\u0101\u0161an\u0101.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Izziniet inform\u0101ciju par jaunaj\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m<\/b> \u2014 sekojiet l\u012bdzi jaunumiem par s\u012bkr\u012bkiem un citai inform\u0101cijai, kas k\u013cuvusi pieejama! P\u0113c tam piev\u0113rsiet uzman\u012bbu tam, ko noz\u012bm\u0113 sav\u0101ktie dati un k\u0101 tie var pal\u012bdz\u0113t saglab\u0101t vesel\u012bgu uzved\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mekl\u0113jiet strukt\u016bru!<\/b> K\u0101ds ir sirdsdarb\u012bbas \u0101truma main\u012bgums? K\u0101da ir kardiorespirator\u0101 sagatavot\u012bba? J\u0101tniekam pat\u012bk justies kompetentam; \u0161\u012b inform\u0101cija nodro\u0161ina pamatu kompetences ieg\u016b\u0161anai. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca lietot\u0146u izskaidro \u0161os j\u0113dzienus; mekl\u0113jiet tos un uzziniet par tiem nedaudz vair\u0101k.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mekl\u0113jiet atbalsto\u0161u vidi, kas ir emocion\u0101li dro\u0161a un dro\u0161a attiec\u012bbu zi\u0146\u0101!<\/b> Noskaidrojiet, vai lietotnes izmanto valk\u0101jamier\u012b\u010du inform\u0101ciju atbalsto\u0161\u0101, neties\u0101jo\u0161\u0101 veid\u0101, uzlabojot autonomu l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu un iek\u0161\u0113jo motiv\u0101ciju. Lai ar\u012b valk\u0101jamier\u012b\u010du datus var izmantot k\u0101 \u201cval\u016btu\u201d sacens\u012bbu due\u013cos (piem\u0113ram, \u201cmans sirdsdarb\u012bbas \u0101truma main\u012bgums ir zem\u0101ks nek\u0101 tavs\u201d), konkurences k\u0101 uzved\u012bbas virz\u012bt\u0101ja loma nav skaidra, un starp indiv\u012bdiem past\u0101v lielas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Inform\u0101cija ir abpus\u0113ji griez\u012bgs zobens.<\/b> Esiet modri: inform\u0101cija var veicin\u0101t p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgas uzved\u012bbas izveido\u0161anos. Izmantojiet inform\u0101ciju <\/span>k\u0101 resursu<\/span><\/a>, nevis k\u0101 vien\u012bgo uzved\u012bbas virz\u012bt\u0101jsp\u0113ku.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Ant\u00f3nio Labisa Palmeira, CIDEFES – Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Portugal; ISBNPA Executive Director Long-term motivation for health-related behaviors can come from different sources. Behavioral scientists are still trying to work out how these sources fit together. For example, I go running […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,14,9,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory","category-e-health","category-habit","category-motivation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2485"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4561,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2485\/revisions\/4561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}