{"id":2360,"date":"2021-11-25T14:38:11","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T14:38:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2360"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:06:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:06:19","slug":"helping-patients-manage-their-condition-illness-representations-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2021\/11\/helping-patients-manage-their-condition-illness-representations-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientiem p\u0101rvald\u012bt savu vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli: priek\u0161statam par slim\u012bbu ir noz\u012bme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jaels Benjamini (Yael Benyamini), Telavivas universit\u0101te, Izra\u0113la, un Evangels H. Karavimass (Evangelos C. Karademas), Kr\u0113tas Universit\u0101te, Grie\u0137ija<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gan Anna, gan Marija ir 45 gadus vecas vesel\u012bgas sievietes, kuras dz\u012bvo k\u0101d\u0101 no lielaj\u0101m Eiropas pils\u0113t\u0101m. Katra paz\u012bst vair\u0101kus cilv\u0113kus, kuri ir infic\u0113ju\u0161ies ar Covid-19, un bie\u017ei kaut ko dzird vai izlasa par \u0161o slim\u012bbu. Anna uzskata, ka t\u0101 ir \u013coti nopietna slim\u012bba, un ir \u013coti noba\u017e\u012bjusies par to, ka vi\u0146a var\u0113tu ar to saslimt. Lai ar\u012b vi\u0146a tic, ka, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 vi\u0146as vecumu, vi\u0146a atvese\u013cotos, vi\u0146a ar\u012b uzskata: ir \u013coti ticams, ka vi\u0146a p\u0113c izslimo\u0161anas var\u0113tu ciest no ilgsto\u0161iem trauc\u0113jo\u0161iem simptomiem. Vi\u0146a, cik vien iesp\u0113jams, str\u0101d\u0101 no m\u0101j\u0101m, nekad neiziet \u0101r\u0101 bez maskas un gaida n\u0101kamo vakc\u012bnas devu. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Marija uzskata, ka Covid-19 ir \u201clabi izreklam\u0113ta gripa\u201d. Vi\u0146a tic, ka vi\u0146as vecum\u0101 un, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka vi\u0146ai nav nek\u0101du past\u0101v\u012bgu vesel\u012bbas probl\u0113mu, pat ja vi\u0146a infic\u0113tos, vi\u0146a, visticam\u0101k, izslimotu viegli \u2013 slikt\u0101kais, kas var\u0113tu notikt, b\u016btu vajadz\u012bba da\u017eas dienas pavad\u012bt m\u0101j\u0101s glu\u017ei k\u0101 parastas saaukst\u0113\u0161an\u0101s gad\u012bjum\u0101. Vi\u0146a tiekas ar daudziem cilv\u0113kiem darb\u0101 un savies\u012bgos pas\u0101kumos, un masku n\u0113s\u0101 tikai tur, kur tas ir absol\u016bti nepiecie\u0161ams. Vi\u0146a neredz j\u0113gu vakcin\u0101cijai un baid\u0101s no vakc\u012bnas blakuspar\u0101d\u012bb\u0101m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Annai un Marijai piem\u012bt kaut kas kop\u012bgs. Lai gan katra attiecas pret notieko\u0161o cit\u0101di, abas cen\u0161as kaut k\u0101 p\u0101rvar\u0113t vienu un to pa\u0161u draud\u012bgo situ\u0101ciju. Saskaroties ar vesel\u012bbas apdraud\u0113jumu, vai tas b\u016btu Covid-19, sirds slim\u012bba, loc\u012btavu s\u0101pes vai k\u0101da cita probl\u0113ma, m\u0113s visi apkopojam inform\u0101ciju par to gan, balstoties uz sav\u0101m \u0137erme\u0146a saj\u016bt\u0101m, gan no person\u012bg\u0101s slim\u012bbu v\u0113stures, gan no citiem cilv\u0113kiem, gan no pla\u0161sazi\u0146as l\u012bdzek\u013ciem. M\u016bsu m\u0113r\u0137is ir izveidot lo\u0123isku st\u0101stu par slim\u012bbu. Lai to izdar\u012btu, m\u0113s cen\u0161amies izprast un apvienot piecas galven\u0101s slim\u012bbas uztveres vai slim\u012bbas priek\u0161stata sast\u0101vda\u013cas: <\/span>t\u0101s <\/span>identit\u0101ti<\/b>, <\/span>c\u0113lo\u0146us<\/b>, <\/span>sekas<\/b>, <\/span>norisi<\/b> un iesp\u0113ju <\/span>iz\u0101rst\u0113t vai kontrol\u0113t<\/b> slim\u012bbu<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vai ir svar\u012bgi, ko m\u0113s dom\u0101jam par slim\u012bbu? Lai ar\u012b m\u016bsu priek\u0161stats par slim\u012bbu var b\u016bt medic\u012bniski neprec\u012bzs, tas nosaka, k\u0101 m\u0113s j\u016btamies un k\u0101 m\u0113s r\u012bkosimies: k\u0101 m\u0113s p\u0101rvar\u0113sim slim\u012bbu, ko dar\u012bsim, lai nov\u0113rstu simptomus, k\u0101 kontrol\u0113sim vai iz\u0101rst\u0113sim vai, ja nepiecie\u0161ams, integr\u0113sim to sav\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113. P\u0113t\u012bjumi ir par\u0101d\u012bju\u0161i, ka negat\u012bvs priek\u0161stats par slim\u012bbu (piem\u0113ram, slim\u012bba tiek uztverta k\u0101 \u013coti b\u012bstama, ilgsto\u0161a vai nekontrol\u0113jama \/ ne\u0101rst\u0113jama) vair\u0101kum\u0101 slim\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, <\/span>v\u0113\u017ea<\/span><\/a> vai <\/span>diab\u0113ta<\/span><\/a> gad\u012bjum\u0101, ir saist\u012bts ar slim\u012bbas p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas uzved\u012bbu un rezult\u0101tiem, piem\u0113ram, slikt\u0101ku dz\u012bves kvalit\u0101ti, l\u0113n\u0101ku atvese\u013co\u0161anos p\u0113c slim\u012bbas un funkcion\u0101lo sp\u0113ju pasliktin\u0101\u0161anos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mums k\u0101 vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem ar saviem klientiem par vi\u0146u eso\u0161\u0101s vai potenci\u0101l\u0101s slim\u012bbas uztveri b\u016btu j\u0101run\u0101 bez nosod\u012bjuma. M\u0113s var\u0113tu vienk\u0101r\u0161i pal\u016bgt, lai vi\u0146i saviem v\u0101rdiem past\u0101sta, ko vi\u0146i dom\u0101 par savu slim\u012bbu, pajaut\u0101t, kas, vi\u0146upr\u0101t, to izrais\u012bjis, kuri simptomi vi\u0146us uztrauc visvair\u0101k, k\u0101 darbojas vi\u0146u \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana un ko vi\u0146i dara, lai atvese\u013cotos vai p\u0101rvald\u012btu savu slim\u012bbu. M\u0113s pat var\u0113tu vi\u0146iem l\u016bgt <\/span>uzz\u012bm\u0113t savu slim\u012bbu<\/span><\/a>, jo z\u012bm\u0113jums var daudz atkl\u0101t par to, ko vi\u0146i par slim\u012bbu dom\u0101 un k\u0101 j\u016btas. Pacientiem bie\u017ei netiek pras\u012bts vi\u0146u viedoklis, ta\u010du vairum\u0101 gad\u012bjumu vi\u0146i ir atv\u0113rti \u0161\u0101dai diskusijai. <\/span>\u0100rstiem<\/span><\/a> vai citiem <\/span>vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113jiem<\/span><\/a> ir svar\u012bgi uzzin\u0101t, k\u0101ds ir klientu priek\u0161stats par slim\u012bbu, jo izpratne par klientu, vi\u0146a attieksmi pret savu vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli un t\u0101s saist\u012bbu ar uzved\u012bbu (piem\u0113ram, ieteikumu iev\u0113ro\u0161anu) un ar to saist\u012bto probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161ana var veicin\u0101t pacientu adapt\u0101ciju. Piem\u0113ram, pal\u012bdzot Marijai saprast, ka vakc\u012bnas potenci\u0101l\u0101s blakuspar\u0101d\u012bbas nav sal\u012bdzin\u0101mas ar ietekmi, ko var rad\u012bt re\u0101la saslim\u0161ana ar Covid-19, b\u016btu iesp\u0113jams pal\u012bdz\u0113t main\u012bt Marijas s\u0101kotn\u0113jo l\u0113mumu par vakcin\u0101ciju. Tas var b\u016bt pirmais solis ce\u013c\u0101 uz sistem\u0101tisk\u0101ku intervenci gan individu\u0101li, gan grup\u0101 \u2013 t\u0101du intervenci, kas b\u016btu piel\u0101gota pacientu priek\u0161statiem, lai pan\u0101ktu maksim\u0101lu efektivit\u0101ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mudinot pacientus dal\u012bties dom\u0101s par savu slim\u012bbu, rodas ar\u012b iesp\u0113ja identific\u0113t k\u013c\u016bdainus uzskatus. Tom\u0113r vajadz\u0113tu b\u016bt uzman\u012bgiem attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumiem main\u012bt klienta priek\u0161statu par slim\u012bbu. Piem\u0113ram, klientam var b\u016bt ne p\u0101r\u0101k pareizs priek\u0161stats par slim\u012bbu, bet iesp\u0113jams, ka \u0161is priek\u0161stats sp\u0113j mazin\u0101t vi\u0146a trauksmi. Vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listam j\u0101patur pr\u0101t\u0101, ka priek\u0161stats par slim\u012bbu ir tikai da\u013ca no pla\u0161\u0101kas, dinamiskas pa\u0161regul\u0101cijas sist\u0113mas, kas ietver ar\u012b slim\u012bbas p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas uzved\u012bbu un r\u012bc\u012bbas pl\u0101nus, rezult\u0101tu nov\u0113rt\u0113jumus utt. T\u0101p\u0113c speci\u0101listam b\u016btu j\u0101p\u0101rbauda visi \u0161ie klienta pieredzes un vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vok\u013ca aspekti un tikai p\u0113c tam sadarb\u012bb\u0101 ar klientu j\u0101nosaka, k\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 un attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz ko ir j\u0101iejaucas. Ar pan\u0101kumiem var izmantot <\/span>gan lejupejo\u0161as (t.i., abstraktas\/kognit\u012bvas), gan aug\u0161upejo\u0161as (t.i., konkr\u0113tas\/ar uzved\u012bbu saist\u012btas) intervences strat\u0113\u0123ijas<\/span><\/a>. Nereti tikpat svar\u012bgi ir izskat\u012bt un apspriest ar\u012b \u0123imenes locek\u013cu \u2013 <\/span>vec\u0101ku<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>laul\u0101to<\/span><\/a> un citu \u2013 priek\u0161status, jo tie var ietekm\u0113t klientu pa\u0161u priek\u0161status un uzved\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praktiski ieteikumi <\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Izv\u0113rt\u0113jiet priek\u0161statu par slim\u012bbu <\/b>\u2013 izprotiet, k\u0101 klients uztver savu vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli! \u013baujiet klientam past\u0101st\u012bt par savu vesel\u012bbas probl\u0113mu pa\u0161a v\u0101rdiem, nevis medic\u012bniskiem terminiem, un turpiniet izp\u0113t\u012bt klienta priek\u0161statu bez nosod\u012bjuma, izmantojot atv\u0113rtus jaut\u0101jumus vai att\u0113lus! J\u016bs varat noskaidrot ar\u012b klienta partnera, citu \u0123imenes locek\u013cu vai apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju viedokli (tas var at\u0161\u0137irties no klienta viedok\u013ca un ietekm\u0113t vi\u0146u sniegto atbalstu).<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Izv\u0113rt\u0113jiet klienta priek\u0161statu par \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu <\/b>\u2013 klientiem ir savs viedoklis par \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas efektivit\u0101ti, ieguvumiem, riskiem un sek\u0101m, kas bie\u017ei <\/span>ietekm\u0113 \u0101rsta ieteikumu iev\u0113ro\u0161anu<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Identific\u0113jiet neprec\u012bzus vai disfunkcion\u0101lus priek\u0161status vai \u201cneracion\u0101lus\u201d uzskatus, k\u0101 ar\u012b to saikni ar klienta uzved\u012bbu vai labkl\u0101j\u012bbu. <\/b>L\u016bdzu atcerieties, ka klienta priek\u0161stats par savu vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli ir \u201cpsiholo\u0123iski pareizs\u201d, proti, tas vi\u0146am \u0161\u0137iet lo\u0123isks. L\u012bdz ar to klienta priek\u0161stats var \u0161\u0137ist \u201cnepareizs\u201d jums, bet ne klientam.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Pal\u012bdziet klientam main\u012bt vi\u0146a priek\u0161statu par slim\u012bbu <\/b>\u2013 ja priek\u0161stats ir saist\u012bts ar disfunkcion\u0101lu uzved\u012bbu vai apdraud labkl\u0101j\u012bbu ilgtermi\u0146\u0101, j\u016bs varat pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientam to main\u012bt, a) sniedzot prec\u012bzu inform\u0101ciju, b) izmantojot piem\u0113rus par citiem klientiem, kuru priek\u0161stats par slim\u012bbu ir funkcion\u0101l\u0101ks (vai ar\u012b \u013caujot savam klientam mijiedarboties ar vi\u0146iem), c) izmantojot \u012bpa\u0161us <\/span>iejauk\u0161an\u0101s pa\u0146\u0113mienus<\/span><\/a>. Reiz\u0113m pietiek pat ar <\/span>\u012bsiem atg\u0101din\u0101jumiem<\/span><\/a>!\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Atbalstiet klientu, izstr\u0101d\u0101jot funkcion\u0101lu r\u012bc\u012bbas pl\u0101nu <\/b>saist\u012bb\u0101 ar vi\u0146a slim\u012bbu. Pl\u0101nam j\u0101b\u016bt atbilsto\u0161am klienta (vienl\u012bdz funkcion\u0101liem) priek\u0161statiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b klienta dz\u012bves apst\u0101k\u013ciem. Priek\u0161status par slim\u012bbu nav viegli main\u012bt, it \u012bpa\u0161i slim\u012bbas v\u0113l\u0101kajos posmos. T\u0101p\u0113c da\u017ereiz lab\u0101k ir koncentr\u0113ties uz uzved\u012bbu, nevis uz priek\u0161statiem.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Yael Benyamini, Tel Aviv University, Israel and Evangelos C. Karademas, University of Crete, Greece Anna and Mary are both healthy 45-year-old women, living in a large European city. Each of them knows several people who have contracted COVID-19 and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,28,45,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-assessment","category-communication","category-illness-representation","category-stress-and-coping"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2360"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4569,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2360\/revisions\/4569"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}