{"id":2243,"date":"2021-07-14T14:02:35","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T14:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2243"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:10:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:10:04","slug":"if-medicine-is-a-team-game-patients-should-play-too-a-psychological-perspective-on-patient-engagement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2021\/07\/if-medicine-is-a-team-game-patients-should-play-too-a-psychological-perspective-on-patient-engagement\/","title":{"rendered":"Ja medic\u012bna ir komandu sp\u0113le, taj\u0101 j\u0101iesaist\u0101s ar\u012b pacientam: psiholo\u0123isk\u0101 perspekt\u012bva par pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161anos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong> Grafinja (G. Graffigna), Sv\u0113t\u0101s Sirds kato\u013cu universit\u0101te, It\u0101lija<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu efekt\u012bvu vesel\u012bbas sist\u0113mu darb\u012bbu, vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem visos apr\u016bpes posmos ir j\u0101sadarbojas un savstarp\u0113ji j\u0101koordin\u0113 savi centieni. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, medic\u012bna prasa veiksm\u012bgu komandas darbu. Ja m\u0113s piekr\u012btam \u0161im principam, tad, izmantojot metaforu no sporta jomas, ar\u012b pacients j\u0101uzskata par komandas sp\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju!<\/p>\n<p>Par to ir runa t.\u00a0s. pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s koncepcij\u0101, kur\u0101 tiek uzsv\u0113rts, ka pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ir svar\u012bgs elements vesel\u012bbas efektivit\u0101tes un ilgtsp\u0113jas uzlabo\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>Kas ir pacienta iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/252269\">Pacienta iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s<\/a> koncepcij\u0101 cilv\u0113ks ir kas vair\u0101k nek\u0101 tikai \u201capr\u016bpes sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113js\u201d \u2013 vi\u0146\u0161 ir iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161i svar\u012bgs dal\u012bbnieks vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes pakalpojumu pl\u0101no\u0161an\u0101 un snieg\u0161an\u0101. Pacienta iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ir process, kur\u0101 cilv\u0113ki akt\u012bvi un dzi\u013ci iesaist\u0101s savas vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpei b\u016btisko jaut\u0101jumu risin\u0101\u0161an\u0101. Tas ietver l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu par faktoriem, kas ietekm\u0113 vi\u0146u dz\u012bvi, politikas nost\u0101dnes un to \u012bsteno\u0161anu, pakalpojumu pl\u0101no\u0161anu, att\u012bst\u012bbu un realiz\u0113\u0161anu, k\u0101 ar\u012b r\u012bc\u012bbu, lai pan\u0101ktu savas uzved\u012bbas un dz\u012bvesveida izmai\u0146as. \u0160aj\u0101 proces\u0101 \u013coti svar\u012bga ir pacientu psiholo\u0123isk\u0101 attieksme, motiv\u0101cija, emocijas un gatav\u012bba iesaist\u012bties vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bp\u0113.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016bsu grupa 2017. gad\u0101 ierosin\u0101ja un zin\u0101tniski apstiprin\u0101ja psihosoci\u0101lo sist\u0113mu pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s noteik\u0161anai un veicin\u0101\u0161anai jeb \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6056150\/\">Pacienta vesel\u012bbas iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s modeli<\/a>\u201d. \u0160\u012bs jaun\u0101s uz pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem balst\u012bt\u0101s psiholo\u0123isk\u0101s koncepcijas m\u0113r\u0137is ir izskaidrot, k\u0101, no pacientu viedok\u013ca, att\u012bst\u0101s pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s. \u201cPacienta vesel\u012bbas iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s modelis\u201d pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161anos apraksta k\u0101 dinamisku un main\u012bgu procesu, ar kura pal\u012bdz\u012bbu cilv\u0113ki var atg\u016bt savas sp\u0113jas person\u012bgo projektu \u012bsteno\u0161anai un m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bbu \u2013 pat ja dz\u012bvo ar slim\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>Model\u012b uzsv\u0113rts, cik svar\u012bga ir pacientu izv\u0113le main\u012bt savu attieksmi pret vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes sist\u0113mu \u2013 no pas\u012bva sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja l\u012bdz vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes procesa partnerim un \u201cl\u012bdzpilotam\u201d. \u0160\u012bs person\u012bg\u0101s identit\u0101tes lomas izmai\u0146as ir atkar\u012bgas no pacienta adapt\u0101cijas dinamisk\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbas un vi\u0146a notur\u012bbas pret apst\u0101k\u013ciem, ko rada pa\u0161a vesel\u012bbas st\u0101voklis. Piln\u012bga pacienta iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s rodas, vi\u0146am cen\u0161oties main\u012bt savu vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli un savu pacienta lomu un identit\u0101ti. Iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ir \u013coti svar\u012bga, lai uztur\u0113tu pacienta attieksmi pret \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu un pa\u0161vad\u012bbu un lai vi\u0146\u0161 sp\u0113tu sekm\u012bgi saglab\u0101t izmai\u0146as uzved\u012bb\u0101 un dz\u012bvesveid\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPacienta vesel\u012bbas iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s model\u012b\u201d ir \u010detras stadijas, un katr\u0101 stadij\u0101 vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi var atbalst\u012bt pacienta iesaist\u012b\u0161anos.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>stadija: <em>aptum\u0161o\u0161an\u0101s<\/em>. \u0160aj\u0101 stadij\u0101 pacienti izj\u016bt psiholo\u0123isko ievainojam\u012bbu, kas saist\u012bta ar t.\u00a0s. kritisko notikumu, parasti diagnozi. Vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem b\u016btu j\u0101sniedz emocion\u0101ls atbalsts, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu pacientiem piel\u0101goties jaunajam vesel\u012bbas st\u0101voklim. Galven\u0101 uzman\u012bba j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 tam, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu pacientiem att\u012bst\u012bt br\u012bvas gribas izj\u016btu un kontroles izj\u016btu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz savu slim\u012bbu. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, pacienti j\u0101atbalsta t\u0101, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu vi\u0146iem izjust, ka vi\u0146u uzved\u012bba var sekm\u0113t efekt\u012bvu vesel\u012bbas p\u0101rvald\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<li>stadija: <em>pamo\u0161an\u0101s<\/em>. \u0160aj\u0101 stadij\u0101 pacientiem ir zin\u0101ms priek\u0161stats par savu vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli, bet vi\u0146iem joproj\u0101m ir tikai virspus\u0113jas zin\u0101\u0161anas par to, k\u0101 to efekt\u012bvi p\u0101rvald\u012bt. T\u0101 ir stadija, kur\u0101 pacienti bie\u017ei m\u0113dz \u201cizst\u0101ties\u201d no vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes procesa. \u0160ajos apst\u0101k\u013cos vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes sniedz\u0113ji ir k\u0101 galvenie pieturas punkti pacientiem. Vi\u0146iem ar\u012b j\u0101atbalsta pacienti slim\u012bbas p\u0101rvald\u012bb\u0101 un kontrol\u0113, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nov\u0113r\u0161ot \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu.<\/li>\n<li>stadija: <em>pieder\u012bba<\/em>. \u0160aj\u0101 stadij\u0101 pacienti ir jau diezgan labi apzin\u0101ju\u0161ies savu slim\u012bbu un p\u0101rvar\u0113ju\u0161i smag\u0101kos psiholo\u0123iskos p\u0101rdz\u012bvojumus kop\u0161 slim\u012bbas s\u0101kuma. Vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi \u0161aj\u0101 stadij\u0101 var atbalst\u012bt pacientus, pal\u012bdzot vi\u0146iem saglab\u0101t adapt\u012bvu vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu pat stresa vai netipisk\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/li>\n<li>stadija: <em>eidaimonijas projekts<\/em>. P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 stadij\u0101 pacienti piln\u012bb\u0101 apzin\u0101s savu slim\u012bbu un t\u0101s sekas. Vi\u0146i ir main\u012bju\u0161i dz\u012bvesveida paradumus atbilsto\u0161i terapeitiskaj\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m un k\u013cuvu\u0161i par akt\u012bviem dal\u012bbniekiem pozit\u012bvas un apmierino\u0161as dz\u012bves kvalit\u0101tes sasnieg\u0161an\u0101, neskatoties uz to, ka dz\u012bvo ar hronisku slim\u012bbu. \u0160aj\u0101 stadij\u0101 \u0101rstniec\u012bbas personas tiek uzskat\u012btas par uzticamiem sabiedrotajiem, kuri atbalsta pacientus vi\u0146u centienos turpin\u0101t sevi uzskat\u012bt par akt\u012bviem apr\u016bpes komandas dal\u012bbniekiem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0101reja no pas\u012bv\u0101s pieejas uz regul\u0101ru un efekt\u012bvu akt\u012bvu uzved\u012bbu savas vesel\u012bbas p\u0101rvald\u012bb\u0101 ir balst\u012bta sare\u017e\u0123\u012btos dom\u0101\u0161anas un pa\u0161identifik\u0101cijas procesos. Subjekt\u012bv\u0101 un da\u017ek\u0101rt ar\u012b iracion\u0101l\u0101 uztvere, kas indiv\u012bdiem piem\u012bt attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz sevi, k\u0101 ar\u012b unik\u0101lais skat\u012bjums, ar kuru indiv\u012bdi nov\u0113rt\u0113 savu dz\u012bves kvalit\u0101ti, p\u0113c m\u016bsu dom\u0101m, ir iz\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi svar\u012bgi, lai iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s procesu padar\u012btu iesp\u0113jamu. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem b\u016btu v\u0113rts \u0161os pacienta ieskatus iek\u013caut re\u0101lajos vesel\u012bbas aizsardz\u012bbas sadarb\u012bbas mode\u013cos.<\/p>\n<p>Ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka pied\u0101v\u0101tais \u201cPacienta vesel\u012bbas iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s modelis\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5487073\/\">pal\u012bdz prognoz\u0113t<\/a>, k\u0101 pacienti iev\u0113ros terapeitiskos nor\u0101d\u012bjumus un iesaist\u012bsies savas vesel\u012bbas pa\u0161p\u0101rvald\u0113. R\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161an\u0101s ar pacientu psihosoci\u0101lo skat\u012bjumu, lai defin\u0113tu un prognoz\u0113tu vi\u0146u iesaist\u012b\u0161anos, sola iev\u0113rojami uzlabot m\u016bsu izpratni par to, k\u0101 cilv\u0113ki nolemj main\u012bt savu lomu vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes gait\u0101, veicinot lab\u0101ku iesaist\u012b\u0161anos savas vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bp\u0113.<\/p>\n<p>Rezum\u0113jot, indiv\u012bdu emocion\u0101lajai kontrolei par savu slim\u012bbu un apr\u016bpi ir b\u016btiska loma, lai vi\u0146i var\u0113tu tikt gal\u0101 ar savu slim\u012bbu. Jo lab\u0101ka izpratne par \u0161\u012bm emocij\u0101m un savu un speci\u0101lista lomu, jo vair\u0101k iesp\u0113ju pacientiem efekt\u012bvi piedal\u012bties vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bp\u0113. Vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listiem ir b\u016btiska noz\u012bme visos p\u0101rejas posmos no diagnozes l\u012bdz br\u012bdim, kad pacients k\u013c\u016bst piln\u012bb\u0101 inform\u0113ts un iesaist\u012bts savas vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bp\u0113.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktiski ieteikumi <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nov\u0113rt\u0113jiet pacienta iesaist\u012b\u0161anos<\/strong>: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00274\/full\">Pacienta vesel\u012bbas iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s skala<\/a>\u201d var pal\u012bdz\u0113t iesaist\u012b\u0161anos sistem\u0101tiski izm\u0113r\u012bt da\u017e\u0101dos kl\u012bniskos apst\u0101k\u013cos un laika periodos, lai vad\u012btu personaliz\u0113tas strat\u0113\u0123ijas un intervences ar m\u0113r\u0137i veicin\u0101t iesaist\u012b\u0161anos.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vairojiet uztic\u0113\u0161anos<\/strong>: izmantojiet personaliz\u0113tu sazi\u0146u (t.i., pacienta un \u0101rsta sazi\u0146u, publisko sazi\u0146u, soci\u0101l\u0101 m\u0101rketinga komunik\u0101ciju), kas atbilst noteiktajiem pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s l\u012bme\u0146iem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Veidojiet atkl\u0101tu vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes kult\u016bru<\/strong>: vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes un izgl\u012bt\u012bbas iest\u0101d\u0113s j\u0101cen\u0161as \u012bstenot m\u0101c\u012bbu programmas, kas vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes sniedz\u0113jiem nodro\u0161in\u0101tu nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anas un komunik\u0101cijas un attiec\u012bbu veido\u0161anas prasmes, lai veicin\u0101tu pacientu iesaist\u012b\u0161anos.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Veiciniet pacientu entuziasmu<\/strong>: pal\u012bdziet pacientiem skat\u012bties uz gai\u0161o pusi. Veicinot optimistisku attieksmi, kas mekl\u0113 pozit\u012bvo, cilv\u0113kos var veicin\u0101t sp\u0113ju \u201cizfiltr\u0113t\u201d inform\u0101ciju, ne\u013caujot slikt\u0101m vai neiedro\u0161ino\u0161\u0101m zi\u0146\u0101m ietekm\u0113t motiv\u0101ciju iesaist\u012bties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Healthcare professionals along the whole care journey must collaborate and coordinate their efforts for healthcare systems to function effectively. In other words, medicine requires teamwork to be successful. If we agree on this principle, then \u2013adopting a sports metaphor \u2013the patient too should be considered a player in the team!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-patient-engagement"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2243"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4573,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2243\/revisions\/4573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}