{"id":2175,"date":"2021-05-04T11:54:06","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T11:54:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2175"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:10:57","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:10:57","slug":"how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2021\/05\/how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes-2\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientiem zaud\u0113t lieko svaru un lab\u0101k p\u0101rvald\u012bt 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113tu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Lija Eiverija (Leah Avery), T\u012bsaidas Universit\u0101te, Apvienot\u0101 Karaliste<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Iepriek\u0161 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113ts tika uzskat\u012bts par progres\u0113jo\u0161u slim\u012bbu ar nenov\u0113r\u0161amu nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0113c insul\u012bna terapijas, tom\u0113r <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(17)33102-1\/fulltext\">dz\u012bvesveida p\u0101rmai\u0146u p\u0113t\u012bjumu<\/a> rezult\u0101ti liecina, ka prognozei nav j\u0101b\u016bt tik pesimistiskai. 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113ta izplat\u012bba turpina pieaugt, ta\u010du pieaug ar\u012b pier\u0101d\u012bjumu skaits, kas apstiprina uztura svar\u012bgo noz\u012bmi un to, ka mainot uztura ieradumus, var main\u012bt 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113ta slim\u012bbas gaitu.<\/p>\n<p>Past\u0101v divu veidu pieejas di\u0113t\u0101m. Vien\u0101 pieej\u0101 galvenais uzsvars ir uz to, k\u0101da veida p\u0101rtiku m\u0113s izv\u0113lamies \u0113st (piem\u0113ram, k\u0101dus og\u013chidr\u0101tus), lai optimiz\u0113tu vielmai\u0146u un glik\u0113mijas kontroli, l\u0113ni un vienm\u0113r\u012bgi zaud\u0113jot svaru. Otr\u0101 pieej\u0101 galvenais uzsvars ir uz ap\u0113st\u0101 \u0113diena daudzumu. Piem\u0113ram, mazkaloriju di\u0113tas ietver iev\u0113rojamus ar p\u0101rtiku uz\u0146emt\u0101s ener\u0123ijas ierobe\u017eojumu \u0101trai svara zaud\u0113\u0161anai.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Di\u0113ta ar zemu og\u013chidr\u0101tu saturu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Iepriek\u0161 cilv\u0113kiem ar 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113tu tika ieteikta di\u0113ta ar zemu cukura saturu, t\u0101 viet\u0101 izv\u0113loties ar saliktajiem og\u013chidr\u0101tiem bag\u0101tu uzturu, jo tika uzskat\u012bts, ka \u0161\u0101ds uzturs cukuru asin\u012bs izdala pak\u0101peniski. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.diabetes.org.uk\/guide-to-diabetes\/enjoy-food\/carbohydrates-and-diabetes&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1610542636257000&amp;usg=AOvVaw18kKFV4t-ln-8IxWidHaLU\">Tagad zin\u0101ms<\/a>, ka daudzi p\u0101rtikas produkti, kas bag\u0101ti ar og\u013chidr\u0101tiem, cukuru asin\u012bs izdala \u0101tr\u0101k nek\u0101 saldie \u0113dieni. Neskatoties uz to, zema cukura\/augsta og\u013chidr\u0101tu l\u012bme\u0146a di\u0113tas pieejai joproj\u0101m seko daudzi cilv\u0113ki ar 2. tipa diab\u0113tu, ta\u010du \u0161\u0101da pieeja var trauc\u0113t labai glik\u0113mijas kontrolei, un no t\u0101s b\u016btu j\u0101izvair\u0101s.<\/p>\n<p>Pa\u0161reiz\u0113jie pier\u0101d\u012bjumi liecina, ka cilv\u0113kiem ar 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113tu b\u016btu j\u0101pal\u012bdz samazin\u0101t og\u013chidr\u0101tus vi\u0146u uztur\u0101 un j\u0101mudina izv\u0113l\u0113ties alternat\u012bvus uztura veidus. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka j\u0101pal\u012bdz klientam uzzin\u0101t, kuros p\u0101rtikas produktos ir augsts og\u013chidr\u0101tu l\u012bmenis, un laika gait\u0101 katram vajadz\u0113tu noteikt savu uz\u0146emto og\u013chidr\u0101tu daudzumu (\u0161\u012b praktisk\u0101 strat\u0113\u0123ija tiek d\u0113v\u0113ta par pa\u0161kontroli). P\u0113c tam klients ir j\u0101mudina samazin\u0101t og\u013chidr\u0101tu daudzumu uztur\u0101, nosakot konkr\u0113tus m\u0113r\u0137us un izstr\u0101d\u0101jot r\u012bc\u012bbas pl\u0101nus (kad, kur un k\u0101 klients samazin\u0101s og\u013chidr\u0101tu saturo\u0161u p\u0101rtikas produktu pat\u0113ri\u0146u) un probl\u0113mu p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas pl\u0101nus gad\u012bjumiem, kad klients sastapsies ar gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m \u0113st maz\u0101k p\u0101rtikas ar augstu og\u013chidr\u0101tu saturu (piem\u0113ram, ko klients dar\u012bs, ja darb\u0101 p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i rad\u012bsies k\u0101rdin\u0101jums uzcien\u0101ties ar uzkodu, kas bag\u0101ta ar og\u013chidr\u0101tiem). <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/10.1001\/jama.2014.10397\">Ir arvien vair\u0101k pier\u0101d\u012bjumu<\/a>, kas apstiprina, ka uzturs ar zem\u0101ku og\u013chidr\u0101tu pat\u0113ri\u0146u sp\u0113j veiksm\u012bgi \u0101rst\u0113t 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113tu, jo tas pal\u012bdz zaud\u0113t lieko svaru, un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/363\/bmj.k4583\">di\u0113t\u0101m ar zemu og\u013chidr\u0101tu daudzumu<\/a> ir lab\u0101ki rezult\u0101ti nek\u0101 di\u0113t\u0101m ar m\u0113renu og\u013chidr\u0101tu daudzumu.<\/p>\n<p>Tom\u0113r katrs klients ir unik\u0101ls, t\u0101p\u0113c nav viegli noteikt optim\u0101lo uz\u0146emto og\u013chidr\u0101tu daudzumu un veikt atbilsto\u0161as uztura izv\u0113les. Piem\u0113ram, katram cilv\u0113kam ir savs person\u012bgais og\u013chidr\u0101tu tolerances l\u012bmenis, tas ir, cik daudz og\u013chidr\u0101tu vi\u0146\u0161 var uz\u0146emt, pirms tas negat\u012bvi ietekm\u0113 vi\u0146a svaru un glik\u0113mijas kontroli. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6399621\/\">Person\u012bgais tauku slieksnis darbojas l\u012bdz\u012bgi<\/a>, tas ir, da\u017eiem cilv\u0113kiem ar 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113tu ir nepiecie\u0161ams zaud\u0113t lielu svaru, lai veiksm\u012bgi kontrol\u0113tu glik\u0113mijas l\u012bmeni, bet citi var pan\u0101kt glik\u0113mijas kontroli ar maz\u0101ku svara zudumu. Da\u017eiem cilv\u0113kiem 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113ts att\u012bst\u0101s ar daudz zem\u0101ku \u0137erme\u0146a masas indeksu nek\u0101 citiem, un t\u0101 iemeslu da\u013c\u0113ji var izskaidrot ar person\u012bgo tauku slieksni. Par at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101m, rea\u0123\u0113jot uz di\u0113t\u0101m, liecina ne tikai person\u012bgie sliek\u0161\u0146i, bet ar\u012b veids, k\u0101 katra klienta organism\u0101 uzglab\u0101jas tauki, proti, vai nu galvenok\u0101rt iek\u0161\u0113jos org\u0101nos un ap tiem, vai ar\u012b zem \u0101das. Tas var ar\u012b pal\u012bdz\u0113t izskaidrot, k\u0101p\u0113c di\u0113tas uz da\u017eiem iedarbojas, bet uz citiem \u2013 n\u0113. Ir lietder\u012bgi dal\u012bties ar \u0161o inform\u0101ciju ar klientiem, lai izskaidrotu, k\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146u izv\u0113l\u0113t\u0101 pieeja, iesp\u0113jams, nedarbojas vi\u0146u vesel\u012bbas lab\u0101.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Mazkaloriju di\u0113ta <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tas ir potenci\u0101ls risin\u0101jums cilv\u0113kiem, kuriem 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113ts diagnostic\u0113ts nesen (p\u0113d\u0113jo 6 gadu posm\u0101). Mazkaloriju di\u0113ta veicina \u0101tru svara zudumu, izraisot 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113ta remisiju (bezdiab\u0113ta st\u0101voklis un antidiab\u0113tisko z\u0101\u013cu lieto\u0161anas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161ana). \u0160\u012b pieeja ietver uztura mai\u0146u, 13\u201320 ned\u0113\u013cu period\u0101 b\u016btiski samazinot ar p\u0101rtiku uz\u0146emt\u0101s ener\u0123ijas daudzumu, lai sasniegtu m\u0113r\u0137i \u2013 svara samazin\u0101\u0161anu par 15 kg. N\u0101kamaj\u0101 posm\u0101 (no 2 l\u012bdz 8 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101m) paredz\u0113ts neliels uz\u0146emto kaloriju pieaugums vienlaikus ar vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101lista (piem\u0113ram, medm\u0101sas) atbalstu uzved\u012bbai, lai uztur\u0113tu svara zudumu. Apjom\u012bgs p\u0113t\u012bjums par \u0161o di\u0113tu atkl\u0101ja, ka gandr\u012bz puse dal\u012bbnieku p\u0113c 1 gada pan\u0101ca cukura diab\u0113ta remisiju. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/landia\/article\/PIIS2213-8587(19)30068-3\/fulltext\">Nesen public\u0113tie p\u0113t\u012bjumi<\/a> ir par\u0101d\u012bju\u0161i, ka \u0161is efekts var ilgt l\u012bdz 2 gadiem.<\/p>\n<p>Bet kura uztura pieeja ir efekt\u012bv\u0101ka? Atbilde ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a: t\u0101, kuru klients sp\u0113j iev\u0113rot un kura vi\u0146am vislab\u0101k der. Katram klientam b\u016bs person\u012bgas izv\u0113les un attieksme pret uztura izv\u0113li, ko ietekm\u0113s vi\u0146a motiv\u0101cija zaud\u0113t svaru. Da\u017ei izv\u0113l\u0113sies mazkaloriju di\u0113tu, lai \u0101tri zaud\u0113tu svaru un izvair\u012btos no p\u0101rejas uz insul\u012bna terapiju, un di\u0113tas s\u0101kumposm\u0101 vi\u0146iem neb\u016bs j\u0101dom\u0101 par \u0113diena izv\u0113li un \u0113diena gatavo\u0161anu. Citi var izv\u0113l\u0113ties pieeju ar zemu og\u013chidr\u0101tu saturu uztur\u0101, jo vi\u0146i v\u0113l\u0113sies iem\u0101c\u012bties gatavot vesel\u012bgu p\u0101rtiku, pak\u0101peniski zaud\u0113t svaru un laika gait\u0101 main\u012bt savus uztura paradumus. \u0160\u012b pieeja noz\u012bm\u0113 ar\u012b \u0113dienrei\u017eu iev\u0113ro\u0161anu vis\u0101 di\u0113tas laik\u0101 un izvair\u012b\u0161anos no produktiem, kas aizst\u0101j \u0113dienreizes.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101 speci\u0101listi var noteikt pareizu uztura pieeju klientiem ar 2. tipa cukura diab\u0113tu un sniegt vi\u0146iem piem\u0113rotu atbalstu?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktiski ieteikumi<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ir svar\u012bgi, lai speci\u0101listi str\u0101d\u0101tu k\u0101 koordinatori, nevis instruktori. Nenor\u0101diet klientiem, k\u0101da uztura pieeja vi\u0146iem ir piem\u0113rota. Centieties izprast vi\u0146u person\u012bgo motiv\u0101ciju attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz svara zaud\u0113\u0161anu, vi\u0146u pag\u0101tnes pieredzi, di\u0113tas veida izv\u0113li un \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus, kas trauc\u0113 iev\u0113rot di\u0113tu.<\/li>\n<li>Sniedziet klientiem uz pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem balst\u012btu inform\u0101ciju, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu vi\u0146iem saprast, kas vi\u0146iem b\u016btu j\u0101dara \/ j\u0101iem\u0101c\u0101s, izv\u0113loties vienu vai otru uztura pieeju (piem\u0113ram, skat\u012bt &#8220;Diabetes UK&#8221; inform\u0101ciju par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diabetes.org.uk\/guide-to-diabetes\/enjoy-food\/eating-with-diabetes\/whats-your-healthy-weight\/low-calorie-diets\">mazkaloriju di\u0113t\u0101m<\/a> un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diabetes.org.uk\/guide-to-diabetes\/enjoy-food\/eating-with-diabetes\/meal-plans\/low-carb\">di\u0113t\u0101m ar zemu og\u013chidr\u0101tu daudzumu<\/a>). Taj\u0101 j\u0101ietver detaliz\u0113ta inform\u0101cija par katra uztura pl\u0101na \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, tostarp par iesp\u0113jam\u0101m blakuspar\u0101d\u012bb\u0101m, k\u0101 ar\u012b par zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m un prasm\u0113m, kas nepiecie\u0161amas, lai g\u016btu pan\u0101kumus.<\/li>\n<li>Uzdodiet atv\u0113rtus jaut\u0101jumus, lai uzzin\u0101tu klientu v\u0113lmes attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz konkr\u0113tu di\u0113tas pl\u0101nu, motiv\u0101ciju zaud\u0113t svaru un \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus, kas trauc\u0113 main\u012bt uztura uzved\u012bbu:<\/li>\n<li><em>Kuru di\u0113tu jums b\u016btu viegl\u0101k iev\u0113rot?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ko j\u016bs cerat sasniegt, zaud\u0113jot svaru?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Kas var\u0113tu trauc\u0113t iev\u0113rot izv\u0113l\u0113to di\u0113tu?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mudiniet klientus mekl\u0113t soci\u0101lo atbalstu, piem\u0113ram, pajaut\u0101jiet, vai vi\u0146iem ir partneris, \u0123imenes loceklis vai draugs, kur\u0161 var\u0113tu sniegt emocion\u0101lu un praktisku atbalstu.<\/li>\n<li>Nodro\u0161iniet piem\u0113rotu pozit\u012bvu pastiprin\u0101jumu. Tas var ietvert pozit\u012bvas atsauksmes snieg\u0161anu par visiem klienta centieniem main\u012bt savu uzturu (piem\u0113ram, izstr\u0101d\u0101t detaliz\u0113tus uztura mai\u0146as pl\u0101nus); jebkuriem pan\u0101kumiem (tas ir, faktisk\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m uztur\u0101, kas pan\u0101ktas vair\u0101ku dienu vai ned\u0113\u013cu laik\u0101); un pozit\u012bvus koment\u0101rus attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz \u0161o izmai\u0146u labv\u0113l\u012bgo ietekmi uz svaru un glik\u0113mijas kontroli (tas ir, pozit\u012bvi koment\u0113jiet jebkuras izm\u0113r\u0101mas izmai\u0146as).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Leah Avery, Teesside University, UK. Type 2 diabetes was previously considered a progressive condition, with an inevitable need for insulin therapy, however lifestyle behavioural change research challenges this pessimistic prognosis. As prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,7,27,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-incentives","category-motivation","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Leah Avery, Teesside University, UK. 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