{"id":2103,"date":"2021-03-23T10:18:06","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T10:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2103"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:12:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:12:07","slug":"how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2021\/03\/how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Pal\u012bdzam speci\u0101listiem apg\u016bt vesel\u012bgas sarunu prasmes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vendija Lorensa (Wendy Lawrence), Sauthemptonas universit\u0101te<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u016bsdienu sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 galvenos n\u0101ves un slim\u012bbu c\u0113lo\u0146us ietekm\u0113 cilv\u0113ka dz\u012bvesveids, un arvien vair\u0101k uzman\u012bbas tiek piev\u0113rsts tam, k\u0101 varam uzlabot vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu. Svar\u012bgs resurss, lai atbalst\u012btu uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146as, ir vesel\u012bbas, soci\u0101l\u0101s un labkl\u0101j\u012bbas jom\u0101 str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161ie vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi. Klientu regul\u0101rie apmekl\u0113jumi rada iesp\u0113ju vai ik ned\u0113\u013cu s\u0101kt sarunas par vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbu, tom\u0113r daudzi speci\u0101listi uzskata, ka vi\u0146iem tr\u016bkst nepiecie\u0161amo zin\u0101\u0161anu un prasmju, lai sniegtu atbalstu uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m. Tas var mazin\u0101t p\u0101rliec\u012bbu, kas vajadz\u012bga sarun\u0101m ar klientiem vai pacientiem par potenci\u0101li sensit\u012bv\u0101m t\u0113m\u0101m, tostarp sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anu, svara samazin\u0101\u0161anu vai alkohola lieto\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

“Vesel\u012bgas sarunu prasmes<\/a>” ir izgl\u012bt\u012bbas programma, kuras pamat\u0101 ir soci\u0101li kognit\u012bv\u0101 teorija<\/a> un uzved\u012bbas mai\u0146as pa\u0146\u0113mieni<\/a>, kas veicina uz klientu v\u0113rstu atbalstu un apr\u016bpi. To izstr\u0101d\u0101jusi Sauthemptonas universit\u0101tes daudznozaru komanda, konsult\u0113joties ar viet\u0113j\u0101m vesel\u012bbas un soci\u0101l\u0101s apr\u016bpes organiz\u0101cij\u0101m. “Vesel\u012bgas sarunu prasmes” ir efekt\u012bva<\/a>, uz pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem balst\u012bta pieeja, kur\u0101 tiek izmantotas praktiskas, viegli lietojamas prasmes, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu cilv\u0113kiem identific\u0113t vi\u0146iem svar\u012bgu uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146u vajadz\u012bbas un risin\u0101jumus. Visi vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi var izmantot \u0161o pieeju pat \u012bs\u0101s konsult\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/p>\n

Kad cilv\u0113ki apg\u016bst jaunus uzved\u012bbas veidus vai maina eso\u0161os, vi\u0146i to nedara izol\u0113ti. Vi\u0146us ietekm\u0113 soci\u0101l\u0101 un fizisk\u0101 vide un citi elementi, kurus vi\u0146i nevar kontrol\u0113t. Mums ir j\u0101izprot \u0161ie faktori, lai atbalst\u012btu efekt\u012bvas uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146as. V\u0113r\u0161ot uzman\u012bbu uz to, lai uzzin\u0101tu vair\u0101k par cilv\u0113ku dz\u012bvi un apst\u0101k\u013ciem, m\u0113s varam pied\u0101v\u0101t lab\u0101ku atbalstu un efekt\u012bvi veicin\u0101t vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146as. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c pieej\u0101 “Vesel\u012bgas sarunu prasmes” pirmais princips ir saruna ar klientu par vi\u0146a priorit\u0101t\u0113m, lai izprastu, kas vi\u0146u motiv\u0113<\/a> un kas, vi\u0146apr\u0101t, ir vissvar\u012bg\u0101kais, uz ko vajadz\u0113tu koncentr\u0113ties.<\/p>\n

Programma ar\u012b mudina speci\u0101listus p\u0101rdom\u0101t jaut\u0101jumu uzdo\u0161anas, uzklaus\u012b\u0161anas un m\u0113r\u0137u izvirz\u012b\u0161anas<\/a> atbalsta v\u0113rt\u012bbu \u2013 t\u0101 viet\u0101, lai klientiem nor\u0101d\u012btu, k\u0101 r\u012bkoties, dotu padomus vai vienk\u0101r\u0161i sniegtu inform\u0101ciju. Lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu cilv\u0113kiem uzlabot vi\u0146u vesel\u012bbu un labkl\u0101j\u012bbu, m\u0113s klienta viz\u012btes laiku izmantosim efekt\u012bv\u0101k, ja izmantosim atbalsto\u0161as sarunas un velt\u012bsim pietiekamu laiku, lai uzklaus\u012btu, uzzin\u0101tu un izp\u0113t\u012btu cilv\u0113ka pasauli, un tad izmantosim \u0161o kop\u012bgo izpratni, lai kop\u012bgi pl\u0101notu pirmos so\u013cus uz uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m. T\u0101l\u0101k ir min\u0113ti da\u017ei praktiski veidi, k\u0101 jau \u0161odien izmantot pieeju “Vesel\u012bgas sarunu prasmes”.<\/p>\n

Praktiski ieteikumi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ies\u0101ciet sarunu ar atv\u0113rtajiem jaut\u0101jumiem<\/strong>. \u0160ie jaut\u0101jumi parasti s\u0101kas ar “Kas” vai “K\u0101”, un tie dom\u0101ti, lai mudin\u0101tu klientu run\u0101t par sav\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013ciem, risin\u0101jumiem un pirmajiem p\u0101rmai\u0146u so\u013ciem. Piem\u0113ram: “Ko j\u016bs v\u0113l\u0113tos main\u012bt? Kas jums trauc\u0113 \u0161\u012bs izmai\u0146as veikt? K\u0101 j\u016bs to var\u0113tu p\u0101rvar\u0113t? Ar ko vajadz\u0113tu s\u0101kt?” Uzdodot \u0161os jaut\u0101jumus, j\u016bs par klientu varat daudz uzzin\u0101t un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di g\u016bt iesp\u0113ju lab\u0101k pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientam formul\u0113t prasmes un resursus, kas nepiecie\u0161ami, lai pan\u0101ktu v\u0113lam\u0101s p\u0101rmai\u0146as.<\/li>\n
  2. Izvairieties dot padomus vai st\u0101st\u012bt klientiem, kas vi\u0146iem j\u0101dara<\/strong>. Sniedzot padomu, tiek pie\u0146emts, ka klienti l\u012bdz \u0161im nav zin\u0101ju\u0161i, ko j\u016bs vi\u0146iem st\u0101st\u0101t par vesel\u012bga dz\u012bvesveida noz\u012bmi. Tas var izklaus\u012bties aizbildnieciski un cilv\u0113k\u0101 lieku reizi izrais\u012bt nevar\u012bbas izj\u016btu, ja vi\u0146\u0161 nej\u016btas sp\u0113j\u012bgs main\u012bties.<\/li>\n
  3. Klausieties un izturiet pauzes<\/strong>. Cilv\u0113kiem ir vajadz\u012bgs laiks p\u0101rdom\u0101m, t\u0101p\u0113c nesteidzieties aizpild\u012bt klusumu, tikl\u012bdz izskan\u0113jis jaut\u0101jums. Atv\u0113liet klientam pietiekami daudz laika atbildes noformul\u0113\u0161anai un izturieties pret pauzi k\u0101 pret iesp\u0113ju p\u0101rdom\u0101t atbildi. Tas vien, ka cilv\u0113kam patiesi tiek dota iesp\u0113ja izteikt savas domas, var b\u016bt \u013coti noder\u012bgi. Iesp\u0113jams, ka k\u0101dam t\u0101 b\u016bs pirm\u0101 reize p\u0113c ilg\u0101ka laika, kad vi\u0146\u0161 ir ticis uzklaus\u012bts, un tas \u013cauj izjust atbalstu un g\u016bt sp\u0113ku. Klienta uzklaus\u012b\u0161ana par\u0101da, ka j\u016bs cien\u0101t vi\u0146a viedokli, savuk\u0101rt jums t\u0101 \u013cauj daudz ko uzzin\u0101t par cilv\u0113ku un l\u012bdz ar to sniedz iesp\u0113ju lab\u0101k pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientam.<\/li>\n
  4. Rosiniet izmantot SMART krit\u0113rijus <\/strong>m\u0113r\u0137u nosprau\u0161an\u0101<\/strong><\/a> (proti, m\u0113r\u0137iem j\u0101b\u016bt konkr\u0113tiem, izm\u0113r\u0101miem, sasniedzamiem, noz\u012bm\u012bgiem un noteikt\u0101 laik\u0101 paveicamiem). <\/strong>Cilv\u0113ki bie\u017ei izvirza sev m\u0113r\u0137us bez pietiekamas pl\u0101no\u0161anas<\/a>, k\u0101 tos sasniegs. M\u0113s sak\u0101m: “M\u0113r\u0137is bez pl\u0101na ir tikai v\u0113lme!” Kaut ko pam\u0113\u0123inot un cie\u0161ot neveiksmi, cilv\u0113ks, visticam\u0101k, padosies. M\u0113\u0123inot paveikt kaut ko maz\u0101ku un g\u016bstot pan\u0101kumus, cilv\u0113ks, visticam\u0101k, turpin\u0101s ies\u0101kto. Kad klients ir identific\u0113jis p\u0101rmai\u0146as, kuras v\u0113l\u0113tos pan\u0101kt, uzdodiet \u0161os SMART krit\u0113riju jaut\u0101jumus:\n
      \n
    • Konkr\u0113ti ko v\u0113laties dar\u012bt?<\/li>\n
    • Cik bie\u017ei vai cik ilgi v\u0113laties to dar\u012bt?<\/li>\n
    • Kas vajadz\u012bgs, lai to s\u0101ktu dar\u012bt?<\/li>\n
    • Cik p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts esat, ka to sp\u0113siet, piem\u0113ram, skal\u0101 no 1 l\u012bdz 10?<\/li>\n
    • Kad v\u0113laties s\u0101kt?<\/li>\n
    • K\u0101 noteiksiet, ka ir izdevies?<\/li>\n
    • Ko dar\u012bsiet, ja m\u0113r\u0137i sasniegt neizdosies?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • P\u0101rdom\u0101jiet savas sarunas ar klientiem un to, cik iedvesmojo\u0161as t\u0101s ir biju\u0161as<\/strong>. Tikai da\u017eas min\u016btes, lai atskat\u012btos, k\u0101 m\u0113s sadarbojamies ar cilv\u0113kiem, kas darbojas un kas ne, ir v\u0113rt\u012bgs laika izmantojums. Tas pal\u012bdz noteikt, ko m\u0113s dar\u0101m labi un ko m\u0113s var\u0113tu uzlabot, un nodro\u0161ina, ka m\u0113s ik dienu dar\u0101m iesp\u0113jami lab\u0101ko, ko varam. Uzdodiet sev \u0161\u0101dus jaut\u0101jumus:\n
        \n
      • Cik labi es pal\u012bdz\u0113ju \u0161im klientam atrast risin\u0101jumu vi\u0146a probl\u0113mai?<\/li>\n
      • Ko es var\u0113ju dar\u012bt cit\u0101di?<\/li>\n
      • Ko es dar\u012b\u0161u n\u0101kamreiz?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        By Wendy Lawrence, University of Southampton The main causes of death and disease in society today are influenced by our lifestyle choices, and there is a growing focus on ways to improve health behaviours. Front-line practitioners, particularly those working in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2141,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-goal-setting"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2103"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4577,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions\/4577"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}