{"id":1617,"date":"2020-02-04T13:22:33","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T13:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1617"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:22:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:22:04","slug":"are-your-clients-being-defensive-if-so-self-affirmation-may-help","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2020\/02\/are-your-clients-being-defensive-if-so-self-affirmation-may-help\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai j\u016bsu klienti m\u0113dz ie\u0146emt pa\u0161aizsardz\u012bbas poz\u012bciju? Ja t\u0101, te var pal\u012bdz\u0113t pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija."},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u012bters Hariss (Peter Harris) un Ians Hadens (Ian Hadden), Pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju p\u0113t\u012bjumu grupa, Saseksas Universit\u0101tes Psiholo\u0123ijas skola, Apvienot\u0101 Karaliste<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vai jums ir paz\u012bstama pretest\u012bba, kas rodas, ja n\u0101kas pie\u0146emt kaut ko, ko j\u016bs labpr\u0101t\u0101k ignor\u0113tu? Varb\u016bt t\u0101 ir j\u016bsu tieksme p\u0101r\u0101k bie\u017ei \u0113st kaut ko gar\u0161\u012bgu, bet nevesel\u012bgu, vai varb\u016bt j\u016bs izvair\u0101ties no vesel\u012bbas p\u0101rbaud\u0113m? Nu ko, j\u016bs t\u0101di neesat vien\u012bgie. Vairums no mums par sevi dom\u0101, ka m\u0113s visum\u0101 esam visnota\u013c sapr\u0101t\u012bgi un kompetenti cilv\u0113ki. T\u0101p\u0113c apgalvojums, ka m\u0113s dar\u0101m kaut ko nesapr\u0101t\u012bgu vai nekompetentu, var sag\u0101d\u0101t diezgan lielu izaicin\u0101jumu. L\u012bdz ar to esam att\u012bst\u012bju\u0161i prasmi pretoties tam, ko m\u0113s nev\u0113lamies dzird\u0113t<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Diem\u017e\u0113l preto\u0161an\u0101s inform\u0101cijai par riskiem vesel\u012bbai \u2012 piem\u0113ram, par sek\u0101m, ko izraisa liekais svars, sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161ana vai z\u0101\u013cu lieto\u0161anas nor\u0101d\u012bjumu neiev\u0113ro\u0161ana \u2012 var nopietni ietekm\u0113t gan dz\u012bves kvalit\u0101ti, gan ilgumu<\/a>. K\u0101 m\u0113s, vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi, var\u0113tu pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientiem sadzird\u0113t vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146u, ko vi\u0146i tiecas ignor\u0113t? Te noder\u012bga var izr\u0101d\u012bties pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas metode.<\/p>\n

Pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija ir aktivit\u0101te, kas pal\u012bdz cilv\u0113kam p\u0101rliecin\u0101t sevi, ka vi\u0146\u0161 ir labs un kompetents cilv\u0113ks<\/a>. Tas samazina cilv\u0113ka vajadz\u012bbu aizsarg\u0101ties no vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146as, kas var liecin\u0101t par pret\u0113jo, l\u012bdz ar to \u2012 pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija pal\u012bdz objekt\u012bv\u0101k iztur\u0113ties pret vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146u, koncentr\u0113ties uz to, cik \u0161\u012b zi\u0146a ir aktu\u0101la un k\u0101 t\u0101 var ietekm\u0113t personisko vesel\u012bbu. Tas, savuk\u0101rt, var mudin\u0101t r\u012bkoties, lai negat\u012bvo ietekmi nov\u0113rstu. Te<\/a> iesp\u0113jams vair\u0101k uzzin\u0101t par teoriju, kas ir pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas metodes pamat\u0101.<\/p>\n

K\u0101 pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju var izmantot gandr\u012bz jebko, tai skait\u0101 atg\u0101din\u0101jumus par cilv\u0113ka labajiem darbiem, \u012bpa\u0161ajiem talantiem, rakstura stipraj\u0101m pus\u0113m vai svar\u012bg\u0101m soci\u0101laj\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101m. Pa\u0161laik visvair\u0101k izp\u0113t\u012bt\u0101 pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju tehnika ir v\u0113rt\u012bbu afirm\u0101cija<\/a>, kur\u0101 cilv\u0113ki mutiski vai rakstiski atbild uz jaut\u0101jumiem par sev vissvar\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, d\u0101snumu vai god\u012bgumu.<\/p>\n

Pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, ka pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija sp\u0113j darboties, ir ieg\u016bti eksperiment\u0101los p\u0113t\u012bjumos<\/a>. P\u0113t\u012bjuma dal\u012bbnieki, kuri tika mudin\u0101ti izmantot pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju (bie\u017ei tikai vienu reizi vien), uzr\u0101d\u012bja tendenci vair\u0101k tic\u0113t vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146ai un gatav\u012bbu main\u012bt uzved\u012bbu, sal\u012bdzinot ar tiem, kuri pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju neizmantoja. Noskaidroj\u0101s ar\u012b, ka pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija veicina uzved\u012bbas p\u0101rmai\u0146as v\u0113l p\u0113c daudziem m\u0113ne\u0161iem<\/a>. Pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas izrais\u012btie ieguvumi tika konstat\u0113ti pla\u0161\u0101 vesel\u012bbas uzved\u012bbas spektr\u0101, ieskaitot uzved\u012bbu, kas saist\u012bta ar alkohola lieto\u0161anu, tabakas lieto\u0161anu, nedro\u0161u seksu, dz\u012bvsudraba uz\u0146em\u0161anu ar taukain\u0101m ziv\u012bm, dopingu sport\u0101, aug\u013cu un d\u0101rze\u0146u pat\u0113ri\u0146u, zobu diego\u0161anu un aizsardz\u012bbu pret sauli. Da\u017eos p\u0113t\u012bjumos konstat\u0113ts, ka pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju iedarb\u012bba ir vissp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 starp cilv\u0113kiem, kuriem ir bijis visgr\u016bt\u0101k piev\u0113rsties p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m \u2012 starp tiem, piem\u0113ram, ir biju\u0161i kaisl\u012bgi sm\u0113\u0137\u0113t\u0101ji<\/a>, liela apjoma alkohola<\/a> pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ji vai dedz\u012bgi sau\u013co\u0161an\u0101s<\/a> piekrit\u0113ji.<\/p>\n

Galvenok\u0101rt l\u012bdz \u0161im izdar\u012bti profilakses p\u0113t\u012bjumi ar izlas\u0113m, kur\u0101s iek\u013cauti jauni cilv\u0113ki bez medic\u012bnisk\u0101m diagnoz\u0113m, ta\u010du ir biju\u0161i ar\u012b da\u017ei p\u0113t\u012bjumi ar pacientu grup\u0101m. Piem\u0113ram, starp hemodial\u012bzes pacientiem, kuriem tika l\u016bgts atsaukt atmi\u0146\u0101 gad\u012bjumus, kad vi\u0146i pieredz\u0113ju\u0161i laipnu iztur\u0113\u0161anos, n\u0101kamajos 12 m\u0113ne\u0161os tika nov\u0113rota uzlabota fosf\u0101tu kontrole<\/a> un lab\u0101ka \u0161\u0137idrumu uz\u0146em\u0161anas<\/a> nor\u0101d\u012bjumu iev\u0113ro\u0161ana, sal\u012bdzinot ar tiem pacientiem, kuriem tas netika l\u016bgts. Afroamerik\u0101\u0146u pacientiem ar hipertensiju tika nov\u0113rota lab\u0101ka medikamentu lieto\u0161anas nor\u0101d\u012bjumu iev\u0113ro\u0161ana<\/a> p\u0113c t\u0101das intervences sa\u0146em\u0161anas, kur\u0101 bija iek\u013cauta pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija.<\/p>\n

K\u0101 praktiski izmantot pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju? Apsv\u0113rsim konsult\u0101ciju, kur\u0101 v\u0113laties nodot vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146u, kas var\u0113tu klientam \u0161\u0137ist izaicino\u0161a, piem\u0113ram, par kait\u012bgo ietekmi, ko izraisa vi\u0146a sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas vai medikamentu lieto\u0161anas nor\u0101d\u012bjumu neiev\u0113ro\u0161ana. Ja j\u016bsu r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101 ir 5\u201215 min\u016btes, las\u012btprasme un rakst\u012btprasme nav probl\u0113ma, konsult\u0101cijas s\u0101kum\u0101 varat izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t vienk\u0101r\u0161u v\u0113rt\u012bbu afirm\u0101cijas vingrin\u0101jumu. J\u016bs var\u0113tu l\u016bgt klientam uzrakst\u012bt vai priv\u0101ti parun\u0101t par vi\u0146am vissvar\u012bg\u0101ko v\u0113rt\u012bbu un to, k\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 vi\u0146iem ir svar\u012bga, vai ar\u012b aizpild\u012bt da\u017eas aptaujas skalas, kas paredz\u0113tas, lai atg\u0101din\u0101tu klientam par vi\u0146a v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m. P\u0113c tam, kad klients to ir izdar\u012bjis, j\u016bs var\u0113tu nodot vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146u par sm\u0113\u0137\u0113\u0161anas vai medikamentu lieto\u0161anas nor\u0101d\u012bjumu neiev\u0113ro\u0161anas risku.<\/p>\n

Ja ir probl\u0113ma ar laiku vai las\u012btprasmi, pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas izrais\u012b\u0161anai pla\u0161i izmantota tiek \u012bsa laipn\u012bbas anketa<\/a>. Nesen izstr\u0101d\u0101tas ar\u012b vair\u0101kas citas \u0101tri izmantojamas metodes. T\u0101s ietver m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumus sa\u012bsin\u0101t v\u0113rt\u012bbu afirm\u0101cijas l\u012bdz da\u017eiem teikumiem<\/a>, izmantot v\u0113rt\u012bbu anketas<\/a>, saska\u0146ot afirm\u0101cijas<\/a> ar vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146\u0101m vai pal\u012bdz\u0113t cilv\u0113kiem izstr\u0101d\u0101t pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju k\u0101 autom\u0101tisku pa\u0146\u0113mienu<\/a>, ko lietot ikreiz, kad cilv\u0113ks j\u016btas apdraud\u0113ts. Ta\u010du \u0161\u012bs metodes, ja visp\u0101r ir p\u0101rbaud\u012btas, tad tikai da\u017eos p\u0113t\u012bjumos, un m\u0113s v\u0113l nezin\u0101m, cik efekt\u012bvas t\u0101s ir.<\/p>\n

Da\u017eas no \u0161\u012bm manipul\u0101cij\u0101m varat atrast Saseksas Universit\u0101tes Pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju p\u0113t\u012bjumu grupas t\u012bmek\u013ca vietnes resursu lap\u0101<\/a> (angliski). M\u0113s labpr\u0101t konsult\u0113jam par \u0161\u012bm un \/ vai cit\u0101m pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas metod\u0113m, kuras j\u016bs var\u0113tu v\u0113l\u0113ties apsv\u0113rt.<\/p>\n

Praktiski ieteikumi <\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Kad b\u016btu j\u0101apsver pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas izmanto\u0161ana?<\/p>\n

Apsveriet iesp\u0113ju izmantot pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju, kad jums j\u0101sniedz klientam svar\u012bga zi\u0146a par vi\u0146a vesel\u012bbu \u2012 zi\u0146a, kuru, j\u016bsupr\u0101t, vi\u0146\u0161 var\u0113tu sliekties ignor\u0113t vai noraid\u012bt. \u0160ajos gad\u012bjumos pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija var palielin\u0101t varb\u016bt\u012bbu, ka klients pie\u0146ems zi\u0146u un attiec\u012bgi r\u012bkosies.<\/p>\n

2) K\u0101 vislab\u0101k izmantot pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju praks\u0113?<\/p>\n

Vislab\u0101k pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju izmantot, str\u0101d\u0101jot ar klientu aci pret aci vai neliel\u0101s grup\u0101s, iek\u013caujoties pieejamaj\u0101 laika limit\u0101. \u0160\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos j\u016bs pirms vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146as izteik\u0161anas var\u0113tu izmantot k\u0101du no pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas metod\u0113m, kas iepriek\u0161 ir izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101ta un p\u0101rbaud\u012bta. Mekl\u0113jiet iesp\u0113jamo afirm\u0101ciju piem\u0113rus Saseksas Universit\u0101tes Pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju p\u0113t\u012bjumu grupas t\u012bmek\u013ca vietnes<\/a> resursu lap\u0101 (angliski).<\/p>\n

Apspriediet ar klientu, vai vi\u0146\u0161 labpr\u0101t\u0101k veiktu pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju priv\u0101ti vai kop\u0101 ar jums. Centieties mudin\u0101t, lai klients pats izv\u0113l\u0113tos veikt pa\u0161afirm\u0101cijas vingrin\u0101jumu \u2012 t\u0101 viet\u0101, lai liktu vi\u0146am to dar\u012bt. Past\u0101v da\u017ei pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, ka izv\u0113les br\u012bv\u012bbai var b\u016bt liela noz\u012bme, lai intervence darbotos.<\/p>\n

3) K\u0101di riski j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101?<\/p>\n

P\u0101rbaudiet, vai j\u016bsu vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146a ir p\u0101rliecino\u0161a. Pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija mudina klientu b\u016bt atv\u0113rt\u0101kam, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka paaugstin\u0101s izredzes, ka klients pie\u0146ems sp\u0113c\u012bgu zi\u0146u, bet vienlaikus ar\u012b paaugstin\u0101s izredzes, ka klients noraid\u012bs v\u0101ju zi\u0146u.<\/p>\n

Izmantojiet pa\u0161afirm\u0101ciju darb\u0101 ar tiem klientiem, kuri, k\u0101 paredzams, var\u0113tu pretoties j\u016bsu vesel\u012bbas zi\u0146ai. Past\u0101v da\u017ei pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, ka pa\u0161afirm\u0101cija var nedarboties vai darboties pret\u0113ji m\u0113r\u0137im, ja klienti jau no pa\u0161a s\u0101kuma nemaz nav noska\u0146oti ie\u0146emt pa\u0161aizsardz\u012bbas poz\u012bciju.<\/p>\n

Ja rodas \u0161aubas, mekl\u0113jiet padomu \u2012 m\u0113s esam \u0161eit<\/a>, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Peter Harris and Ian Hadden, The Self-Affirmation Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK Have you ever been reluctant to face up to something you\u2019d rather ignore? Maybe your fondness for something bad for you that you eat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1634,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,27,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-motivation","category-self-regulation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1617"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1617\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4598,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1617\/revisions\/4598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}