{"id":1299,"date":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","slug":"telling-stories-about-caring-for-others","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/2019\/05\/telling-stories-about-caring-for-others\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0\u00a0 St\u0101sti par to, k\u0101 m\u0113s r\u016bp\u0113jamies par citiem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Irina Todorova, Vesel\u012bbas psiholo\u0123ijas p\u0113t\u012bjumu centrs, Sofija, Bulg\u0101rija<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>R\u016bp\u0113\u0161an\u0101s par tuviniekiem, kad vi\u0146i ir novecoju\u0161i un, \u013coti iesp\u0113jams, vi\u0146iem ir slikta vesel\u012bba, var b\u016bt sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta un mulsino\u0161a pieredze, kas vienlaikus var sniegt gandar\u012bjumu un \u0161\u0137ist nom\u0101co\u0161a. Medic\u012bnas zin\u0101tne pal\u012bdz cilv\u0113kiem dz\u012bvot ilg\u0101k un vesel\u012bg\u0101k, un da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos t\u0101 sp\u0113j pal\u0113nin\u0101t ar vecumu saist\u012bto kognit\u012bvo trauc\u0113jumu veido\u0161anos. Past\u0101v at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi veidi, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1359105313519155\">k\u0101 da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s kult\u016br\u0101s<\/a> \u0123imen\u0113s r\u016bp\u0113jas par vec\u0101kiem \u0123imenes locek\u013ciem, past\u0101v ar\u012b at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga attieksme pret noveco\u0161anos, demenci un apr\u016bpi. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca cilv\u0113ku vecumdienas pavada m\u0101j\u0101s k\u0101 savas kopienas locek\u013ci. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir noteikti psihosoci\u0101li ieguvumi gan vec\u0101ka gadag\u0101juma cilv\u0113kiem, gan ar\u012b da\u017e\u0101du paaud\u017eu \u0123imenes locek\u013ciem. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101, apr\u016bp\u0113jot cilv\u0113kus, kuru vesel\u012bba arvien pasliktin\u0101s, neizb\u0113gami j\u0101r\u0113\u0137in\u0101s ar pieaugo\u0161u fizisku piep\u016bli, psiholo\u0123isko spriedzi, skumj\u0101m par nenov\u0113r\u0161amo zaud\u0113jumu un, iesp\u0113jams, finansi\u0101l\u0101m gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1359105314566616\"><strong>Narat\u012bv\u0101s vesel\u012bbas psiholo\u0123ijas<\/strong><\/a> m\u0113r\u0137is ir izprast cilv\u0113ku dz\u012bves pieredzi un \u0161\u012bs pieredzes noz\u012bmi vi\u0146u ikdienas dz\u012bves kontekst\u0101, izmantojot st\u0101st\u012bjumu. \u0160is st\u0101st\u012bjums ir svar\u012bgs, lai veidotu izpratni par vesel\u012bbu, slim\u012bbu un ar to saist\u012btaj\u0101m identit\u0101tes izmai\u0146\u0101m. Ar st\u0101st\u012bjuma pal\u012bdz\u012bbu cilv\u0113ki var pie\u0161\u0137irt j\u0113gu negaid\u012btiem &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11339939\">biogr\u0101fijas sabrukumiem<\/a>&#8220;, rad\u012bt saikni starp pag\u0101tni, tagadni un n\u0101kotni un uztur\u0113t vienot\u012bbu starp iepriek\u0161\u0113jo un main\u012bto pat\u012bbu un attiec\u012bb\u0101m. Apvienojot atsevi\u0161\u0137us notikumus pl\u016bsto\u0161\u0101 st\u0101st\u0101, cilv\u0113ki izskaidro, kas ir noticis, ko tas noz\u012bm\u0113 un par ko vi\u0146i ir k\u013cuvu\u0161i, pateicoties noteiktai pieredzei. Savuk\u0101rt <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2333393616668634\">p\u0113t\u012bjumi par apr\u016bp\u0113\u0161anu<\/a> par\u0101da, ka st\u0101st\u012bjums ar\u012b apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jiem \u013cauj izprast, k\u0101 un k\u0101das p\u0101rmai\u0146as laika gait\u0101 notiek vi\u0146u attiec\u012bb\u0101s ar tuviniekiem. Narat\u012bv\u0101 vesel\u012bbas psiholo\u0123ija uzsver, ka st\u0101st\u012bjumam ir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/17437199.2010.543385\">vair\u0101ki l\u012bme\u0146i<\/a>, tostarp personiskais, soci\u0101lais un kult\u016bras l\u012bmenis, kas var sniegt skaidrojumu par izmai\u0146\u0101m vesel\u012bb\u0101. Pacientu, k\u0101 ar\u012b vi\u0146u form\u0101lo un neform\u0101lo apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju st\u0101st\u012bjumiem tiek piev\u0113rsta uzman\u012bba ar\u012b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.narrativemedicine.org\/about-narrative-medicine\/\">medic\u012bn\u0101<\/a>, ieskaitot medic\u012bnas praksi un medic\u012bnisko izgl\u012bt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u016bpes par apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju<\/strong>: p\u0113tnieki un vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listi ir ieinteres\u0113ti apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju atbalst\u012b\u0161an\u0101. Nov\u0113rt\u0113juma p\u0113t\u012bjumi (<em>evaluation studies<\/em>) liecina, ka noder\u012bgas var b\u016bt da\u017e\u0101das pieejas, un t\u0101s var apkopot \u0161\u0101d\u0101s grup\u0101s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>izgl\u012bt\u012bba un apm\u0101c\u012bba, <\/em>kas pal\u012bdz ieg\u016bt zin\u0101\u0161anas par noveco\u0161anos un demenci, t\u0101s posmiem un simptomiem;<\/li>\n<li><em>soci\u0101lais atbalsts, <\/em>ko nodro\u0161ina kol\u0113\u0123i atbalsta grup\u0101s vai tie\u0161saistes form\u0101tos, k\u0101 ar\u012b \u0123imene un draugi;<\/li>\n<li><em>atelpas br\u012b\u017ei \u2013 <\/em>soci\u0101lie t\u012bkli vai organiz\u0101cijas var nodro\u0161in\u0101t atelpu apr\u016bpes laik\u0101, lai mazin\u0101tu apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ja nogurumu;<\/li>\n<li><em>apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju vesel\u012bbas veicin\u0101\u0161ana<\/em>, piem\u0113ram, fizisk\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes, stresa mazin\u0101\u0161anas prakse un darb\u012bbas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>J\u0101uzsver ar\u012b, ka ir svar\u012bgi aizst\u0101v\u0113t t\u0101du politiku, kas atbalsta neform\u0101los apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jus, pacientus un vi\u0146u \u0123imenes. Piem\u0113ram, Masa\u010d\u016bsetsas likumdev\u0113js, atbildot uz \u0123ime\u0146u un vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes speci\u0101listu piepras\u012bjumu, kuru atbalst\u012bja viet\u0113j\u0101 Alcheimera asoci\u0101cijas noda\u013ca, nesen pie\u0146\u0113ma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzmassnh.org\/advocacy\/massachusetts\/bill-h4116\/\">Alcheimera un demences likumu<\/a>. \u0160is likums atbalst\u012bs vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ju apm\u0101c\u012bbu, lai diagnostic\u0113tu demenci un nodro\u0161in\u0101tu pacientu un \u0123ime\u0146u apr\u016bpi, pien\u0101c\u012bgi inform\u0113tu par diagnozi un nodro\u0161in\u0101tu adekv\u0101tu ak\u016bto apr\u016bpi un aizsardz\u012bbu pret \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgu izmanto\u0161anu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Narat\u012bv\u0101 vesel\u012bbas prakse<\/strong>: narat\u012bv\u0101 jeb st\u0101st\u012bjuma prakse ir uz person\u012bbu v\u0113rsta, t\u0101 ietver dialogu un t\u0101 ir integr\u0113ta tajos kult\u016bras un struktur\u0101lajos kontekstos, kuros notiek apr\u016bpe. <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/194300\">Apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju narat\u012bv\u0101 prakse<\/a> pal\u012bdz gan apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0113jiem pa\u0161iem izprast notieko\u0161\u0101 j\u0113gu, gan palielina vi\u0146u &#8220;narat\u012bvo kompetenci&#8221; \u2013 sp\u0113ju uzklaus\u012bt un pieska\u0146oties t\u0101s personas st\u0101stiem un pieredzei, par kuru vi\u0146i r\u016bp\u0113jas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Viens no secin\u0101jumiem <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1034\/j.1600-0579.2003.00210.x\">metaanal\u012bz\u0113<\/a>, kas tika velt\u012bta tam, lai izp\u0113t\u012btu velt\u012btas apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju labkl\u0101j\u012bbu veicino\u0161\u0101s intervences, bija t\u0101ds, ka visefekt\u012bv\u0101k\u0101s intervences ir t\u0101s, kur\u0101s iesaist\u012bti gan apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ji, gan pacienti. Ir zin\u0101mi vair\u0101ki piem\u0113ri, k\u0101 apr\u016bpes iest\u0101d\u0113s tiek ieviestas st\u0101stu veido\u0161anas programmas (piem., &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dementiauk.org\/for-professionals\/free-resources\/life-story-work\/\">Dz\u012bves st\u0101sts<\/a>&#8221; un &#8220;Atmi\u0146u st\u0101sts&#8221;). Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca no t\u0101m ir veidotas vec\u0101ka gadag\u0101juma cilv\u0113kiem, bet da\u017eas ir organiz\u0113tas k\u0101 sadarb\u012bbas un kop\u012bgas st\u0101st\u012b\u0161anas prakses, ietverot \u0123imenes locek\u013cus un neform\u0101los apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jus.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Neform\u0101lajiem apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jiem apr\u016bpe var b\u016bt \u013coti gr\u016bts uzdevums. To vi\u0146iem pal\u012bdz apzin\u0101ties st\u0101sti, kuros satiekas nogurums un skumjas, un vienlaikus tie ir st\u0101sti, kuri pal\u012bdz padzi\u013cin\u0101t attiec\u012bbas ar tuviniekiem. Pal\u012bdzot apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jiem apzin\u0101ties savus st\u0101stus, ir iesp\u0113jams pal\u012bdz\u0113t vi\u0146iem atjaunot izpratni par notieko\u0161\u0101 j\u0113gu un noz\u012bmi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Raugoties no st\u0101st\u012bjuma prakses skat\u012bjuma, m\u0113s speci\u0101listiem pied\u0101v\u0101jam ieteikumus, kuri apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jiem var\u0113tu b\u016bt noder\u012bgi ikdienas apr\u016bpes darb\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Praktiski ieteikumi<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mudiniet (neform\u0101los) apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jus dal\u012bties ar saviem st\u0101stiem par apr\u016bp\u0113\u0161anu un par to, k\u0101 main\u0101s attiec\u012bbas ar tuviniekiem. Uzdodiet atkl\u0101tus jaut\u0101jumus (\u201epast\u0101stiet par to reizi, kad\u2026\u201d) un klausieties ar emp\u0101tiju, k\u0101 ar\u012b mudiniet apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jus run\u0101t ar draugiem vai pievienoties atbilsto\u0161\u0101m atbalsta grup\u0101m, kur\u0101s notiek dal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s ar st\u0101stiem.<\/li>\n<li>Iedro\u0161iniet apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jus rakst\u012bt dienasgr\u0101matu, k\u0101 ar\u012b las\u012bt un reflekt\u0113t par literat\u016bru un dzeju. Reflekt\u0113\u0161ana par st\u0101stiem ir noder\u012bgs veids, k\u0101 apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jiem pal\u012bdz\u0113t izprast notieko\u0161o vi\u0146u dz\u012bv\u0113, un tas <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055102918760042\">daudzos veidos<\/a> var labv\u0113l\u012bgi ietekm\u0113t vesel\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<li>\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ju st\u0101sti ir saist\u012bti ar attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp cilv\u0113kiem, ierosiniet, lai apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101ji un personas, par kur\u0101m vi\u0146i r\u016bp\u0113jas, velt\u012btu laiku savstarp\u0113j\u0101m sarun\u0101m par kop\u012bgo pag\u0101tni un tagadni. Sniedziet apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jiem idejas par to, k\u0101 apr\u016bp\u0113taj\u0101m person\u0101m pal\u012bdz\u0113t atmodin\u0101t atmi\u0146as (piem\u0113ram, apskatot vecas fotogr\u0101fijas vai objektus, kas iemieso kop\u012bgas atmi\u0146as; veidojot piemi\u0146as lietu kast\u012btes un kol\u0101\u017eas).<\/li>\n<li>\u0160\u012bs st\u0101stu veido\u0161anas metodes ir laikietilp\u012bgas un, iesp\u0113jams, nerais\u012bs atsauc\u012bbu visos apr\u016bp\u0113t\u0101jos. T\u0101p\u0113c saruna par \u0161iem jaut\u0101jumiem j\u0101veic ar iej\u016bt\u012bbu un piesardz\u012bbu. T\u0101 k\u0101 st\u0101sti var izrais\u012bt daudz emociju, st\u0101st\u012b\u0161anas praksi ir v\u0113rts \u012bstenot, tai veltot pat pavisam neilgus br\u012b\u017eus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tulkoju\u0161as And\u017eela Ber\u0137e un Krist\u012bne M\u0101rtinsone<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center in Sofia, Bulgaria Taking care of aging loved ones, who are perhaps in frail health, can be a complicated and confusing experience that is both gratifying and frustrating. Medical science is helping people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"lv","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1299"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4791,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions\/4791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}