{"id":1617,"date":"2020-02-04T13:22:33","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T13:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1617"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:22:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:22:04","slug":"are-your-clients-being-defensive-if-so-self-affirmation-may-help","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/gr\/2020\/02\/are-your-clients-being-defensive-if-so-self-affirmation-may-help\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af; \u0391\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Peter Harris and Ian Hadden, The Self-Affirmation Research Group, School of Psychology, University 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\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 SARG (Self-Affirmation Research Group) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Sussex. (\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1.) \u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1) \u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2;<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>2) \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7;<\/p>\n<p>\u038a\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 SARG \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>3) \u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03be\u03c9;<\/p>\n<p>\u0392\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03af, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf 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