{"id":1513,"date":"2019-11-01T14:49:04","date_gmt":"2019-11-01T14:49:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1513"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:24:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:24:18","slug":"n-of-1-studies-what-can-we-learn-by-studying-a-single-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/gr\/2019\/11\/n-of-1-studies-what-can-we-learn-by-studying-a-single-case\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 N-of-1:  \u03a4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc Marie Johnston \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Derek Johnston, University of Aberdeen, Scotland<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03af\u00a0 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\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0389 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0389, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 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\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 n-of-1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 N-of-1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ae \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u0389 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 n-of-1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 n-of-1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u03c0.\u03c7., \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 n-of-1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af 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\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 n-of-1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 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\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1514\" src=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"826\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1.png 826w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-500x271.png 500w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-768x416.png 768w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-230x124.png 230w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-350x189.png 350w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-1-480x260.png 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" 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\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 n-1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 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src=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"884\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2.jpg 1082w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-500x212.jpg 500w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-768x326.jpg 768w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-830x352.jpg 830w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-230x98.jpg 230w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-350x148.jpg 350w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure2-480x204.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 n-of-1 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400;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd N-of-1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 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srcset=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3.jpg 691w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-500x257.jpg 500w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-230x118.jpg 230w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-350x180.jpg 350w, https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Figure-3-480x247.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 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\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd smartphones, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 n-of-1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 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\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 smartphone \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 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