{"id":5067,"date":"2026-07-06T07:21:49","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T07:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=5067"},"modified":"2026-07-06T07:56:44","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T07:56:44","slug":"the-integrative-model-of-adjustment-to-continuous-challenges-imacc-understanding-and-supporting-biopsychosocial-adjustment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/fr\/2026\/07\/the-integrative-model-of-adjustment-to-continuous-challenges-imacc-understanding-and-supporting-biopsychosocial-adjustment\/","title":{"rendered":"Le mod\u00e8le int\u00e9gratif d&#8217;adaptation aux d\u00e9fis persistants (Integrative Model of Adjustment to Continuous Challenges, IMACC) : Comprendre et accompagner l&#8217;adaptation biopsychosociale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Par Lis Dreijer Hammond, Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Aalborg (Danemark), Christian Karlsen Hansen et Martin Lehmkuhl Kristensen, Centre de r\u00e9adaptation pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, Services de sant\u00e9 r\u00e9gionaux du Jutland du Nord (Danemark) et Charlotte Glintborg, Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Aalborg (Danemark)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lorsqu\u2019une maladie ou des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie n\u00e9gatifs importants surviennent, il est souvent difficile de retrouver la vie d\u2019avant. Pour les personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques, le d\u00e9fi ne consiste pas seulement \u00e0 g\u00e9rer les sympt\u00f4mes, mais aussi \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 une <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010416-044014;jsessionid=N5r4qZAzsSMU4ZQD7LLAmHH-eAvt63vdFXYAmhdF.annurevlive-10-241-10-103\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nouvelle vie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Une perturbation de ce processus d\u2019adaptation peut entra\u00eener <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/karger.com\/pps\/article-pdf\/92\/4\/227\/4001489\/000533263.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, une d\u00e9pression, une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la sant\u00e9 physique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/qualitysafety.bmj.com\/content\/qhc\/27\/12\/989.full.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recours accru aux services de sant\u00e9<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Les estimations concernant la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation des personnes aux maladies chroniques varient consid\u00e9rablement, selon la mani\u00e8re dont cette adaptation est mesur\u00e9e. On estime que le taux de difficult\u00e9s d&#8217;adaptation se situe entre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/download\/article-file\/1226414\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16,9 %<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9059\/10\/12\/3231\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">62 %<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Le taux de r\u00e9ussite de l&#8217;adaptation varie quant \u00e0 lui entre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/qualitysafety.bmj.com\/content\/qhc\/27\/12\/989.full.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13 %<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03115-y.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">36,3 %<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00c0 l&#8217;\u00e9chelle mondiale, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S2589-5370%2823%2900037-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">plus d&#8217;un milliard de personnes vivent avec plusieurs troubles chroniques<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Si les deux tiers d&#8217;entre elles rencontrent des difficult\u00e9s d&#8217;adaptation, il est urgent d&#8217;am\u00e9liorer les dispositifs d&#8217;aide \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#8217;adaptation ne se limite pas au suivi des recommandations m\u00e9dicales et ne concerne pas non plus uniquement les comportements de sant\u00e9. Le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tidsskrift.dk\/psyke\/article\/view\/131116\/176717\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mod\u00e8le int\u00e9gratif d&#8217;adaptation aux d\u00e9fis persistants<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [anciennement \u00ab aux maladies chroniques \u00bb] (Integrative Model of Adjustment to Continuous Challenges, IMACC) est une th\u00e9orie du processus d&#8217;adaptation biopsychosocial v\u00e9cu par la personne. L&#8217;IMACC a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans le cadre d&#8217;une \u00e9tude sur les <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1359105316664131?casa_token=LLPf18ZAce8AAAAA:ccMmLiXCDQj7ncUmEanGjCKpDFRZek7Iu6ZfR_-WtJDWnJzsqwoDO_uAZE5kzLvwF0Vg7RKTLCKN\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">personnes atteintes de diab\u00e8te de type 2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, puis son <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2055102919884293\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">applicabilit\u00e9 dans le contexte de l&#8217;\u00e9pilepsie de l&#8217;adulte<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e. L&#8217;utilisation collaborative de l&#8217;IMACC peut offrir un \u00e9clairage imm\u00e9diat sur le processus d&#8217;adaptation d&#8217;une personne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590291125003481\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#8217;adaptation est un processus normal qui se poursuit tout au long de la vie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Lorsque la vie change, nous changeons avec elle. Cependant, il peut \u00eatre difficile de s&#8217;adapter aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements d\u00e9favorables. Selon l\u2019IMACC, pour que la vie quotidienne se d\u00e9roule au mieux, il peut \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire de modifier les pens\u00e9es et les comportements qui ne sont plus adapt\u00e9s aux nouvelles circonstances. Ces modifications sont appel\u00e9es \u00ab t\u00e2ches d&#8217;adaptation \u00bb. Leur r\u00e9solution r\u00e9ussie conduit \u00e0 une meilleure adaptation, \u00e0 une vie quotidienne plus fonctionnelle et \u00e0 une \u00e9volution positive de l&#8217;identit\u00e9. Les difficult\u00e9s d&#8217;adaptation peuvent \u00eatre caus\u00e9es par des obstacles qui entravent le changement, ce qui peut ralentir le processus d&#8217;adaptation et, \u00e0 terme, conduire \u00e0 une mauvaise adaptation, \u00e0 une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la sant\u00e9 mentale et physique, ainsi qu&#8217;\u00e0 des changements identitaires n\u00e9gatifs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>La structure de l&#8217;IMACC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#8217;IMACC se compose de trois niveaux interd\u00e9pendants :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Niveau 1<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : La personnalit\u00e9 et les changements de vie concernent la personnalit\u00e9, les croyances et les comportements pass\u00e9s. L&#8217;accent est mis sur les aspects susceptibles d&#8217;influencer le processus d&#8217;adaptation, qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agisse d&#8217;obstacles ou de ressources. De plus, l&#8217;identification des exp\u00e9riences li\u00e9es aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie n\u00e9gatifs \u00e0 l&#8217;origine du besoin d&#8217;adaptation peut \u00e9galement avoir une incidence, tant n\u00e9gative (par exemple, des incidents li\u00e9s aux soins de sant\u00e9) que positive (par exemple, le soutien).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Niveau 2<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : Le cycle d&#8217;adaptation continu comprend cinq \u00e9tapes, chacune comportant des t\u00e2ches d&#8217;adaptation. Lorsque la personne est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 une maladie chronique ou \u00e0 un handicap, elle commence par <\/span><b>faire le point<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Elle g\u00e8re ses premi\u00e8res r\u00e9actions \u00e9motionnelles, telles que le choc ou la col\u00e8re, tout en r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant aux changements qui pourraient \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaires pour retrouver une vie normale. Cela implique de trouver la motivation n\u00e9cessaire pour s&#8217;adapter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La personne passe ensuite \u00e0 une<\/span><b> phase d&#8217;apprentissage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, au cours de laquelle elle acquiert des connaissances sur la maladie et les options disponibles, ainsi que des comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re d&#8217;autogestion et de coping. Cela implique g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles attitudes envers la vie et les autres. <\/span><b>L&#8217;environnement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> joue un r\u00f4le important. La famille, le travail, les professionnels de sant\u00e9 et l&#8217;environnement au sens large influencent l&#8217;adaptation, tout comme la perception qu&#8217;a la personne de son environnement et de ses propres r\u00f4les dans la vie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que l&#8217;adaptation progresse, la personne doit apprendre \u00e0 <\/span><b>l\u00e2cher prise<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, en faisant le deuil des modes de fonctionnement pass\u00e9s ou des r\u00eaves et projets qui ne sont plus r\u00e9alisables. Il peut s&#8217;av\u00e9rer n\u00e9cessaire d&#8217;abandonner les attitudes ou les comportements qui ne sont plus adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 la nouvelle situation. Avec le temps, pour chaque changement, la personne peut <\/span><b>accepter et int\u00e9grer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cette nouvelle fa\u00e7on de vivre, en adoptant et en conservant de nouvelles attitudes et de nouveaux comportements dans sa vie quotidienne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est important de noter que, pour chaque sujet n\u00e9cessitant un changement, la personne passe par le <\/span><b>cycle d&#8217;ajustement continu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ce qui signifie que plusieurs aspects peuvent \u00eatre en cours simultan\u00e9ment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Niveau 3<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : Le cycle d\u2019entretien illustre ce qui se passe dans les moments difficiles. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un cycle d\u2019entretien cognitivo-comportemental classique, \u00e0 une diff\u00e9rence pr\u00e8s : les processus cognitifs se caract\u00e9risent par un conflit entre, d\u2019une part, le \u00ab bilan \u00bb ou \u00ab l\u2019apprentissage \u00bb (selon l\u2019\u00e9tape du processus d\u2019adaptation \u00e0 laquelle la personne est arriv\u00e9e) et, d\u2019autre part, le \u00ab l\u00e2cher-prise \u00bb et l\u2019\u00ab environnement \u00bb. \u00c0 titre d\u2019illustration, un exemple (st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9) est celui d\u2019une femme qui a du mal \u00e0 apprendre \u00e0 se consacrer davantage \u00e0 son bien-\u00eatre, car elle ne parvient pas \u00e0 l\u00e2cher prise sur son r\u00f4le de personne qui cuisine et fait le m\u00e9nage, par crainte d\u2019\u00eatre une \u00ab mauvaise m\u00e8re \u00bb ou une \u00ab mauvaise \u00e9pouse \u00bb. Entretenir ses relations proches (environnement social) lui semble plus essentiel que de prendre soin d\u2019elle-m\u00eame (attitude sous-jacente).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommandations pratiques<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9finir un objectif concret<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : aidez la personne \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux modifications de son quotidien qui pourraient avoir un impact positif (par exemple, un changement de comportement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour sa sant\u00e9). Discutez avec elle de la mani\u00e8re dont elle pourrait int\u00e9grer ce changement dans sa routine quotidienne. Pr\u00e9ciser les d\u00e9tails (heure, lieu, etc.) facilite les premiers pas. Demandez-lui ce que ce changement signifierait pour elle \u2013 et ce que cela signifierait si elle ne changeait PAS. Les objectifs qui ont du sens contribuent \u00e0 la motivation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Surmonter les obstacles<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : examiner les tentatives de mise en \u0153uvre du changement et banaliser les difficult\u00e9s \u00e9ventuelles. Discuter d&#8217;une tentative r\u00e9cente de changement et pr\u00eater attention aux valeurs et attitudes sous-jacentes (par exemple : \u00ab Je dois aider les autres avant de penser \u00e0 moi \u00bb ou \u00ab Je dois terminer une t\u00e2che avant de me reposer \u00bb).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pensez au r\u00f4le des autres<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : demandez \u00e0 la personne quel impact, selon elle, ce changement pourrait avoir sur ses proches. Par exemple, si le besoin de mieux prendre soin d\u2019elle-m\u00eame implique de s\u2019investir moins pour les autres, quelles en seraient, selon elle, les cons\u00e9quences ? Quelles en seraient les implications pour son identit\u00e9 (par exemple, un changement de ses r\u00f4les dans la vie) ? Que pense-t-elle que les autres pourraient penser, dire ou faire ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Accompagner les n\u00e9gociations li\u00e9es au changement<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : De quoi pourrait avoir besoin cette personne pour dialoguer avec les autres ? Elle pourrait avoir besoin de demander ce que cela signifie pour les autres (au lieu de se fier \u00e0 ses propres suppositions). Elle pourrait avoir besoin de n\u00e9gocier des changements dans ses t\u00e2ches quotidiennes ou d\u2019am\u00e9liorer sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 exprimer ses besoins (par exemple, en cas de douleur variable : que peuvent attendre les autres d\u2019elle aujourd\u2019hui ?).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Am\u00e9liorer la<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/09593985.2018.1434578?casa_token=U3mxijFzTCQAAAAA:Ly01NghmTu83gDXguppguI2Bv1qPS_0UgJPHg9AUUwjH_mcSJwnIFDBbQx9lQFDk2z4x5t_cTlKQ\"><b>conscience corporelle<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : aider la personne \u00e0 comprendre ses sympt\u00f4mes et ses sensations corporelles, leur signification et la mani\u00e8re de s&#8217;en servir pour prendre soin d&#8217;elle-m\u00eame. L&#8217;aider \u00e0 g\u00e9rer le stress li\u00e9 au changement de comportement et l&#8217;impact de ce changement sur ses relations proches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traduit par Deborah LOYAL<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Lis Dreijer Hammond, Aalborg University (DK), Christian Karlsen Hansen &amp; Martin Lehmkuhl Kristensen, Rehabilitation Centre for Refugees, North Jutland Regional Health Services (DK) and Chalotte Glintborg, Aalborg University (DK) When illness or major negative life events occur, life often [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,13,36,24,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory","category-interventions","category-mental-health","category-self-regulation","category-stress-and-coping"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Lis Dreijer Hammond, Aalborg University (DK), Christian Karlsen Hansen &amp; Martin Lehmkuhl Kristensen, Rehabilitation Centre for Refugees, North Jutland Regional Health Services (DK) and Chalotte Glintborg, Aalborg University (DK) When illness or major negative life events occur, life often does not return to what it was before. 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