{"id":1192,"date":"2019-01-14T12:59:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-14T12:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1192"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:30:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:30:04","slug":"positive-psychology-interventions-at-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/fi\/2019\/01\/positive-psychology-interventions-at-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Positiivisen psykologian interventiot ty\u00f6paikalla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Alexandra Michel, Federal Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, Saksa ja Annekatrin Hoppe<sup>, <\/sup>Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Saksa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4yt\u00e4mme suuren osan valveillaoloajastamme t\u00f6iss\u00e4. Ty\u00f6n vaatimusten v\u00e4hent\u00e4minen ja erilaisten resurssien (esim. autonomian tai sosiaalisen tuen) lis\u00e4\u00e4minen edist\u00e4v\u00e4t ty\u00f6n ja vapaa-ajan yhteensovittamista, hyvinvointia ja terveytt\u00e4. Psykologisessa tutkimuksessa on perinteisesti kartoitettu tapoja, joilla est\u00e4\u00e4 ty\u00f6stressin haitallisia seurauksia, mutta viime vuosina tutkimuksessa on my\u00f6s tarkasteltu keinoja, joilla lis\u00e4t\u00e4 ty\u00f6hyvinvointia henkil\u00f6kohtaisten resurssien parantamisen kautta. T\u00e4llaiset resurssien lis\u00e4\u00e4miseen keskittyv\u00e4t, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/joop.12131\">positiivista psykologiaa edustavat interventiot<\/a><\/u> ovat siis viel\u00e4 toistaiseksi kohtalaisen uusi ilmi\u00f6 ty\u00f6terveyspsykologian kent\u00e4ll\u00e4. Ty\u00f6paikalla j\u00e4rjestett\u00e4viss\u00e4 positiivisen psykologian <u><a href=\"http:\/\/sonjalyubomirsky.com\/wp-content\/themes\/sonjalyubomirsky\/papers\/SL2009.pdf\">interventioissa<\/a><\/u> her\u00e4tell\u00e4\u00e4n positiivisia ajatuksia, tunteita ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4, tavoitteena ty\u00f6ntekij\u00e4n resurssien lis\u00e4\u00e4minen ja resurssien kulumisen est\u00e4minen. Seuraavassa esitell\u00e4\u00e4n kolme l\u00e4hestymistapaa, joilla on mahdollista tukea ty\u00f6hyvinvointia ty\u00f6ntekij\u00e4n resursseja lis\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><em> Kuinka tunnistaa, kokea ja arvostaa ty\u00f6n positiivisia puolia?<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Erilaiset kognitiiviset strategiat, kuten optimistinen ajattelu ja positiivisten kokemusten arvostaminen, voivat tuottaa ty\u00f6hyvinvointia. Er\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27936830\">interventiotutkimuksessa<\/a> terveydenhuollon henkil\u00f6kuntaa ohjattiin muistelemaan jotain tilannetta, jonka he olivat kokeneet positiiviseksi ja merkitykselliseksi ty\u00f6ss\u00e4\u00e4n. T\u00e4m\u00e4 saattoi olla esimerkiksi onnistunut vuorovaikutustilanne potilaan kanssa, mukava keskustelu kollegan kanssa tai vaikkapa potilaan onnistunut hoito. Interventio toteutettiin viiden minuutin kestoisella, nauhoitetulla harjoituksella, jossa koehenkil\u00f6it\u00e4 pyydettiin pohdiskelemaan t\u00e4t\u00e4 positiivista tilannetta ja sen yksityiskohtia syv\u00e4llisesti yhteens\u00e4 kymmenen\u00e4 per\u00e4kk\u00e4isen\u00e4 ty\u00f6p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4. Verrattuna kontrolliryhm\u00e4n henkil\u00f6ihin, jotka eiv\u00e4t suorittaneen vastaavaa positiivisen tilanteen muistelua, koeryhm\u00e4\u00e4n kuuluneet henkil\u00f6t kokivat v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n uupumusasteista v\u00e4symyst\u00e4 intervention toteutuksen j\u00e4lkeen. Erityisesti heikosta palautumisesta k\u00e4rsiv\u00e4t ihmiset, jotka kokivat, ettei heill\u00e4 ole energiaa, saivat hy\u00f6ty\u00e4 t\u00e4st\u00e4 positiivisen ajattelun interventiosta.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong><em> Kuinka saada lis\u00e4\u00e4 energiaa ty\u00f6h\u00f6n? Taukojen hy\u00f6dyt.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Korkea ty\u00f6kuormitus voi kuluttaa ty\u00f6ntekij\u00e4n energian ja johtaa ty\u00f6uupumuksen oireisiin, kuten uupumusasteiseen v\u00e4symykseen. Lyhyet tauot auttavat ty\u00f6ntekij\u00e4\u00e4 siirt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n huomion v\u00e4liaikaisesti pois ty\u00f6asioista ja tukevat energiatasojen palautumista kuormitusta edelt\u00e4neelle tasolle. Er\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/1359432X.2017.1348348\">tutkimuksessa<\/a> kehitettiin mikrointerventio, jossa ty\u00f6ntekij\u00e4t siirsiv\u00e4t huomionsa pois ty\u00f6asioista joko kuuntelemalla luonto\u00e4\u00e4ni\u00e4 tai suorittamalla nauhalta kuunneltavan, ohjatun kehorentoutusharjoituksen kymmenen per\u00e4kk\u00e4isen ty\u00f6p\u00e4iv\u00e4n ajan. Sek\u00e4 luonto\u00e4\u00e4nien kuuntelu ett\u00e4 rentoutusharjoitus osoittautuivat tutkimuksessa tehokkaiksi tavoiksi lis\u00e4t\u00e4 tarmokkuutta ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 v\u00e4symyst\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4nkaltaiset lyhyet palautumistauot voidaan kohtalaisen helposti sis\u00e4llytt\u00e4\u00e4 ty\u00f6p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4n.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong><em> Kuinka irrottautua ty\u00f6st\u00e4 ja l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 tasapaino ty\u00f6n ja vapaa-ajan v\u00e4lille?<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Jos ty\u00f6asioista ei irrottauduta, vaan niit\u00e4 ajatellaan my\u00f6s vapaa-ajalla, ty\u00f6n ja vapaa-ajan v\u00e4lille syntyy ep\u00e4tasapaino. Er\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/joop.12072\">tutkimuksessa<\/a> suunniteltiin <a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2001-14444-001\">rajateoriaan<\/a> pohjautuva netti-interventio, jossa henkil\u00f6it\u00e4 autettiin l\u00f6yt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n heille yksil\u00f6llisesti sopiva tapa erottaa ty\u00f6 ja vapaa-aika toisistaan. Interventiossa henkil\u00f6ille opetettiin <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1093\/clipsy.bph077\">mindfulness<\/a>-taitoja, toisin sanoen hyv\u00e4ksyv\u00e4\u00e4 tietoista l\u00e4sn\u00e4oloa. Koehenkil\u00f6it\u00e4 ohjattiin pohdiskelemaan strategioita, joita he itse hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4v\u00e4t ty\u00f6n ja vapaa-ajan erottamiseen. Lis\u00e4ksi heille opetettiin hengitysharjoituksia, jotka tukivat nykyhetkeen keskittymist\u00e4 ja ty\u00f6h\u00f6n liittyvist\u00e4 ajatuksista ja tunteista irrottautumista. Tavoitteena oli, ett\u00e4 koehenkil\u00f6t pystyisiv\u00e4t suuntaamaan huomionsa johonkin tiettyyn vapaa-ajan aktiviteettiin (esim. lasten kanssa leikkiminen) ja p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n irti ty\u00f6murheista. Verrattuna tutkimuksen kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n, intervention suorittaneen henkil\u00f6t kokivat v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n uupumusasteista v\u00e4symyst\u00e4, negatiivisia tunteita ja ty\u00f6n ja vapaa-ajan ep\u00e4tasapainoa, sek\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n psykologista ty\u00f6st\u00e4 irrottautumista ja tyytyv\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 ty\u00f6n ja vapaa-ajan yhteensovittamiseen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yhteenveto<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ty\u00f6n positiivisia puolia ajattelemaan ohjaavat, ty\u00f6taukoja ja ty\u00f6n ja vapaa-ajan toisistaan erottamista tukevat interventiot voivat lis\u00e4t\u00e4 ty\u00f6hyvinvointia kasvattamalla ty\u00f6ntekij\u00f6iden henkil\u00f6kohtaisia resursseja. T\u00e4llaisia resursseja lis\u00e4\u00e4vi\u00e4 aktiviteetteja on helppo lis\u00e4t\u00e4 ty\u00f6p\u00e4iv\u00e4n lomaan tai suorittaa my\u00f6s ty\u00f6p\u00e4iv\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen vapaa-ajalla. Ne soveltuvat hyvin eri ammateissa ty\u00f6skenteleville ihmisille ja voidaan toteuttaa teknologia-avusteisesti esimerkiksi internetin kautta. Varsinkin korkeasta ty\u00f6kuormituksesta k\u00e4rsiv\u00e4t ty\u00f6ntekij\u00e4t saattavat hy\u00f6ty\u00e4 t\u00e4llaisista positiivisen psykologian interventiosta, vaikka onkin hyv\u00e4 muistaa, ett\u00e4 niiden pitk\u00e4kestoista vaikuttavuutta ei toistaiseksi ole viel\u00e4 tutkittu. Positiivisen psykologian interventiot eiv\u00e4t kuitenkaan yksin\u00e4\u00e4n ole riitt\u00e4v\u00e4 korvike laajemmille ty\u00f6hyvinvoinnin interventioille (esim. ty\u00f6kuormituksen v\u00e4hent\u00e4minen, yhteisty\u00f6n parantaminen ja johtamisen kehitt\u00e4minen), mutta ne voivat olla arvokas osa ty\u00f6hyvinvoinnin kehitt\u00e4misen ty\u00f6kalupakkia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n suosituksia<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Muistele jotain onnistunutta tai miellytt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 asiaa ty\u00f6p\u00e4iv\u00e4n ajalta, esimerkiksi mukava keskustelu ty\u00f6kaverin kanssa, onnistunut esitys, tai vaikkapa ty\u00f6teht\u00e4v\u00e4t, jotka tuntuivat mieluisilta.<\/li>\n<li>Suunnittele ty\u00f6p\u00e4iv\u00e4n ajalle lyhyit\u00e4 taukoja irrottautuaksesi hetkeksi t\u00f6ist\u00e4 ja ladataksesi akkuja. Voit esimerkiksi rentoutua, meditoida tai menn\u00e4 k\u00e4velylle.<\/li>\n<li>Yrit\u00e4 irrottautua vapaa-ajalla ty\u00f6h\u00f6n liittyvist\u00e4 ajatuksista ja tunteista k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 mindfulness-hengitysharjoituksia ja keskittym\u00e4ll\u00e4 nykyhetkeen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>K\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6s: Kia Gluschkoff<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Alexandra Michel, Federal Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, Germany and Annekatrin Hoppe, Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Germany Employees spend a major part of their waking time at work. It is no surprise then that reducing demands and increasing resources (e.g., [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interventions"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fi","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Alexandra Michel, Federal Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, Germany and Annekatrin Hoppe, Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Germany Employees spend a major part of their waking time at work. 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