{"id":1683,"date":"2020-05-18T15:57:50","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T15:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1683"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:18:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:18:37","slug":"stop-being-an-ostrich-the-benefits-of-helping-people-to-monitor-their-progress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/es\/2020\/05\/stop-being-an-ostrich-the-benefits-of-helping-people-to-monitor-their-progress\/","title":{"rendered":"Deja de ser una avestruz! Los beneficios de ayudar a las personas a controlar su progreso."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Por <\/b><strong>Thomas L. Webb, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Reino Unido.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo va con su objetivo de reducir la cantidad de az\u00facar que come y perder 10 kg? Lo m\u00e1s probable es que realmente no sepas, o incluso no quieras saberlo. En situaciones como estas, las personas tienden a comportarse como avestruces y entierran sus cabezas en la arena, evitando o rechazando intencionalmente informaci\u00f3n que los ayudar\u00eda a controlar el progreso de su objetivo. La investigaci\u00f3n sobre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/spc3.12071\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">este &#8220;problema del avestruz&#8221;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sugiere que las personas a menudo no realizan un seguimiento de su progreso (por ejemplo, pesarse, leer la informaci\u00f3n nutricional de los paquetes de alimentos que compran), en parte, porque hacerlo puede hacer que se sientan mal consigo mismos. Por ejemplo, si hicieran esto se dar\u00edan cuenta de que pesan m\u00e1s de lo esperado y que todav\u00eda consumen demasiado az\u00facar. Sin embargo, la teor\u00eda y la evidencia sugieren que hacer un seguimiento del progreso ayuda a las personas a identificar discrepancias entre sus estados actuales y deseados que justifiquen una acci\u00f3n. La implicaci\u00f3n es que evitar el control dificulta la identificaci\u00f3n de la necesidad de actuar y la forma m\u00e1s adecuada de hacerlo. Por lo tanto, el problema del avestruz representa una oportunidad para que los profesionales de la salud (y otros) ayuden a las personas a controlar su progreso y capitalizar los beneficios de hacerlo. Quiz\u00e1s no sea sorprendente, entonces, encontramos buena evidencia de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2015\/10\/151029101349.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">que incitar a las personas a controlar su progreso ayuda a las personas a lograr objetivos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> en una variedad de dominios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El control implica hacer un balance de la situaci\u00f3n actual (por ejemplo, cu\u00e1nto az\u00facar se ha consumido ese d\u00eda, cu\u00e1ndo y d\u00f3nde) y comparar esto con alg\u00fan objetivo o valor de referencia (por ejemplo, un m\u00e1ximo de 6 cucharaditas de az\u00facar por d\u00eda). Esto se puede hacer en un diario o simplemente en una hoja de papel, pero ahora tambi\u00e9n hay herramientas digitales disponibles que pueden ayudar a las personas a controlar su progreso; de hecho, las personas incluso est\u00e1n comenzando a hablar sobre un movimiento llamado &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quantified_self\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">el yo cuantificado<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;. Por ejemplo, nuestros tel\u00e9fonos <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/global\/galaxy\/apps\/samsung-health\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">registran autom\u00e1ticamente<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cu\u00e1ntos pasos hemos dado, nuestros relojes nos dicen <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.garmin.com\/en-US\/blog\/fitness\/advancedrem\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cu\u00e1nto tiempo y c\u00f3mo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hemos dormido, y las personas pueden usar aplicaciones para <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iphoneness.com\/iphone-apps\/awesome-food-barcode-scanners\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">escanear los c\u00f3digos de barras en los envases de alimentos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> para descubrir sus propiedades nutricionales. Muchos de estos dispositivos incluso nos piden que establezcamos un objetivo y luego comparemos nuestro progreso hacia este objetivo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El uso de estas herramientas para controlar el progreso puede ayudar a las personas a identificar cu\u00e1ndo y c\u00f3mo actuar mejor. Por ejemplo, escanear los c\u00f3digos de barras en los envases de alimentos podr\u00eda ayudar a una persona que est\u00e1 tratando de reducir su consumo de az\u00facar a darse cuenta de la cantidad de az\u00facar que hay en un vaso de zumo de naranja o un taz\u00f3n de copos de ma\u00edz, y ayudarlos a identificar (y cambiar) alternativas m\u00e1s bajas en az\u00facar. Por lo tanto, el control puede formar la base de intervenciones dise\u00f1adas para ayudar a las personas a alcanzar una serie de objetivos de salud. Adem\u00e1s, existe evidencia de que el control es a\u00fan m\u00e1s efectivo si se combina con t\u00e9cnicas que ayudan a las personas a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2018\/08\/how-to-set-goals-that-work\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">establecer metas apropiadas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, en vez de controlar el\u00a0 progreso y tomar la iniciativa cuando esta evaluaci\u00f3n identifica que es necesario (por ejemplo, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2017\/04\/the-power-of-planning\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">planificaci\u00f3n si-entonces<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dado que las personas pueden estar a la defensiva sobre la informaci\u00f3n que reciben (por ejemplo, sugerir que la informaci\u00f3n no refleja su comportamiento t\u00edpico, o que el dispositivo de control debe ser inexacto), t\u00e9cnicas psicol\u00f3gicas como la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/gb\/blog\/dont-delay\/200903\/self-affirmation-strategy-reduce-self-control-failure\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">autoafirmaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (alentar a las personas a afirmar aspectos valiosos de ellos mismos) tambi\u00e9n pueden ayudar a las personas a evaluar con precisi\u00f3n la informaci\u00f3n y sus implicaciones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Recomendaciones pr\u00e1cticas<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El control del progreso a menudo simplemente implica identificar un m\u00e9todo para controlar el comportamiento y\/o los resultados (por ejemplo, una aplicaci\u00f3n o un diario) y comprometerse a usarlo. Sin embargo, como se describe anteriormente, las personas a menudo entierran sus cabezas en la arena y no controlan su progreso. Por lo tanto, podr\u00edas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ayudar a las personas a identificar qu\u00e9 controlar. Por ejemplo, si est\u00e1n tratando de perder peso, considerar si ser\u00eda mejor controlar comportamientos como la actividad f\u00edsica o la ingesta diet\u00e9tica; resultados como peso o circunferencia de la cintura; \u00bfO una combinaci\u00f3n de ambos? <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2015\/10\/151029101349.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuestra investigaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sugiere que se debe alentar a las personas a controlar aquello que m\u00e1s quieran cambiar: ya sean resultados, comportamientos o ambos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ayudar a las personas a reflexionar objetivamente sobre la informaci\u00f3n obtenida a trav\u00e9s de la estrategia de control. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0146167210369557?journalCode=pspc\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La evidencia sugiere que las estrategias de autoafirmaci\u00f3n pueden evitar que las personas se pongan a la defensiva sobre la informaci\u00f3n que reciben<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Si sospecha que un individuo podr\u00eda reaccionar defensivamente a su comportamiento o resultados controlados, entonces animarlo a afirmar aspectos valiosos de s\u00ed mismo (por ejemplo, que es una persona amable y considerada) antes de monitorear su progreso puede ayudarlo a aceptar la informaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Apoyar a las personas para que realicen los cambios que el control sugiere que podr\u00edan ser necesarios. Identificar la necesidad de actuar y estar motivado para hacerlo son solo los primeros pasos para hacer un cambio. Como las personas pueden necesitar ayuda para <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/gb\/blog\/the-road-hell\/201609\/building-bridge-between-intention-and-action\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">traducir sus buenas intenciones en acciones<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, p\u00eddales que formen <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2017\/04\/the-power-of-planning\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">planes si-entonces<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que especifiquen cu\u00e1ndo, d\u00f3nde y c\u00f3mo actuar\u00e1n. Por ejemplo, alguien que identifica que est\u00e1 comiendo demasiado az\u00facar podr\u00eda formar el plan &#8220;Si estoy desayunando, tomar\u00e9 avena en lugar de copos de ma\u00edz&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 37px; top: 48px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 37px; top: 48px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Thomas L. Webb, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, the UK How are you getting on with your goal to reduce the amount of sugar that you eat and lose 10kg? Chances are that you don\u2019t really know [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1687,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-self-regulation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Thomas L. 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