{"id":1572,"date":"2019-12-16T15:55:17","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T15:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1572"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:23:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:23:12","slug":"becoming-your-better-self-as-reason-for-changing-behavior","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/es\/2019\/12\/becoming-your-better-self-as-reason-for-changing-behavior\/","title":{"rendered":"Convertirse en su mejor versi\u00f3n como raz\u00f3n para los cambios de comportamiento"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Por Winifred Gebhardt, Universidad de Leiden, Paises Bajos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hace unos nueve a\u00f1os, me hice vegetariano de la noche a la ma\u00f1ana. En una novela que estaba leyendo, el personaje principal explic\u00f3 que no pod\u00eda comer nada \u201cque en alg\u00fan momento hubiera tenido un coraz\u00f3n latiendo&#8221;. Como un rayo, estas pocas palabras me marcaron. Me di cuenta de que as\u00ed era exactamente como me sent\u00eda. Dej\u00e9 de comer carne y pescado al instante, y desde entonces no he tenido ning\u00fan problema con esta nueva dieta. El nuevo comportamiento encaja perfectamente con la &#8220;persona que soy&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por el contrario, en el pasado sol\u00eda correr regularmente y pod\u00eda correr f\u00e1cilmente siete kil\u00f3metros. Sin embargo, nunca me consider\u00e9 una &#8220;persona deportiva&#8221;, y cada vez que percib\u00eda una barrera, como estar enfermo, me convert\u00eda en un teleadicto. Ahora ya no trato de &#8220;ser deportivo&#8221;, pero intento caminar siempre que puedo durante el d\u00eda. Me considero una &#8220;persona activa&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>Nuestras acciones reflejan nuestro \u201cyo\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mi comportamiento de &#8220;no comer animales&#8221; coincide con mi autopercepci\u00f3n. Ser y comportarme como vegetariano me da una visi\u00f3n positiva de mi &#8220;yo&#8221; como una persona cari\u00f1osa y considerada, que ama a los animales. Cada vez que hablo sobre esta elecci\u00f3n, o rechazo un plato con carne, mi &#8220;yo&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">se afirma<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saber que percibimos lo que hacemos como parte de lo que somos y queremos sentirnos bien con nosotros mismos, es un punto de partida extremadamente \u00fatil para las intervenciones de salud. Por ejemplo, buscando c\u00f3mo las opiniones positivas derivadas de nuestro comportamiento poco saludable (por ejemplo, beber bastante vino durante la cena, ya que me considero alguien que disfruta de la buena vida), pueden ser entendidas por otras personas como comportamientos menos da\u00f1inos o incluso saludables (por ejemplo, beber una alternativa sin alcohol que a\u00fan refleja un estilo de vida relajado). Entonces, la clave para cambiar es hacer que lo que hacemos sea relevante para el tipo de persona que consideramos que realmente somos. La denominada <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">motivaci\u00f3n integrada para el cambio, seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda de la autodeterminaci\u00f3n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, es lo m\u00e1s cercano que podemos llegar a la motivaci\u00f3n intr\u00ednseca pura, en la que realizamos un comportamiento debido al placer de hacerlo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Parte de nuestro \u201cyo\u201d vive en el futuro<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los humanos somos excelentes viajeros en el tiempo y <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pasamos casi la mitad de nuestro tiempo fantaseando con el futuro.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> En \u00e9l, generamos una multitud de posibilidades para nosotros mismos en este futuro; opciones que se han llamado &#8220;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Posibles yos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dirigen nuestro imaginario<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> y aumentan nuestra apertura a las oportunidades relacionadas con los objetivos. Por ejemplo, una autoimagen futura &#8220;dejando de fumar\u201d o como &#8220;exfumador&#8221; aumenta en gran medida las intenciones para dejar de fumar, los intentos para dejar de fumar y tambi\u00e9n el \u00e9xito para dejar de fumar. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por lo tanto, los fumadores deben poder representarse a s\u00ed mismos como &#8220;futuros no fumadores&#8221; antes de poder dejar de fumar<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Mi colega Eline Meijer y yo, actualmente llevamos a cabo estudios en los que los fumadores imaginan el tipo de persona en que se convertir\u00e1n si dejan de fumar y si contin\u00faan fumando. Los participantes escriben sobre estas im\u00e1genes y proporcionan im\u00e1genes \/ fotos que asocian con ellas. La intervenci\u00f3n genera im\u00e1genes tales como: Si dejo de fumar, me convertir\u00e9 en &#8220;una mujer fuerte, inteligente con car\u00e1cter&#8221; o &#8220;un padre y marido m\u00e1s equilibrado y despreocupado&#8221;, y por el contrario: si continuo fumando, me convertir\u00e9 en &#8220;una anciana con tos, jadeante y triste &#8220;o&#8221; un antisocial, apestoso, d\u00e9bil y enfermo &#8220;. Un primer hallazgo sorprendente es que la mayor\u00eda de las im\u00e1genes \/ fotos provistas son de naturaleza simb\u00f3lica y no contienen personas o productos para fumar. Las asociaciones escritas con las im\u00e1genes incluyen: &#8220;despreocupado&#8221;, &#8220;completo&#8221; y &#8220;decisivo&#8221; versus &#8220;drogadicto&#8221;, &#8220;depresivo&#8221; y &#8220;desesperado&#8221;. Todav\u00eda tenemos que investigar si la intervenci\u00f3n cambia el comportamiento, pero sospechamos que tener estas &#8220;autoim\u00e1genes&#8221; f\u00e1cilmente accesibles cuando sea necesario, por ejemplo, durante los momentos de deseo y ansiedad, ayuda a mantener la direcci\u00f3n del comportamiento. Ya existe evidencia de la efectividad de las autointervenciones con im\u00e1genes futuras para otros <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17385955\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">comportamientos de salud como el ejercicio<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Prosperamos en grupos donde sentimos que pertenecemos<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En la vida diaria, resistir los deseos o las tentaciones puede ser particularmente dif\u00edcil en situaciones sociales. Como persona que renuncia, puede temer el rechazo social una vez que ya no se comporta en l\u00ednea con sus amigos y familiares. Tambi\u00e9n puede perderse actividades compartidas que aprecia. Muchas de nuestras autopercepciones se basan en los grupos sociales a los que pertenecemos. Por ejemplo<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, la mayor\u00eda de las personas que fuman o usan drogas se afilian a personas que tambi\u00e9n usan la misma sustancia<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. El uso de sustancias es un comportamiento normativo clave que define &#8220;ser parte del grupo&#8221;. Esto, a su vez, est\u00e1 asociado con todo tipo de otras cualidades valoradas. Por ejemplo, los j\u00f3venes despu\u00e9s de la rehabilitaci\u00f3n pueden experimentar que sus amigos que consumen cannabis siguen siendo las personas con las que &#8220;empasta mejor&#8221;, incluso ahora que no consumen. Los que no consumen son son f\u00e1cilmente vistos como m\u00e1s alejados de sus valores personales, son m\u00e1s aburridos o carecen de su &#8220;ingenio, lealtad y nivel de madurez&#8221;. Esto ilustra que el desaf\u00edo de c\u00f3mo seguir siendo un miembro valorado del propio grupo social debe estar en la cima de nuestra agenda cuando se trata de apoyar estilos de vida saludables.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por lo tanto, para establecer un cambio duradero, necesitamos que las personas desarrollen auto-representaciones positivas en las que puedan ver a su yo futuro realizar el nuevo comportamiento saludable que est\u00e1 en l\u00ednea con sus propios valores importantes, as\u00ed como con su entorno social.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Recomendaciones pr\u00e1cticas<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> El comportamiento tiene importancia directa para la experiencia y la imagen de uno mismo. Incentive a las personas a pensar creativamente en qui\u00e9nes pueden convertirse, por ejemplo, creando tablas de estados \u00e1nimo de sus yo futuros ideales y temidos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Encuentre formas en que las auto-percepciones que est\u00e1n vinculadas al nuevo comportamiento pueden recuperarse en momentos cr\u00edticos como el deseo o las tentaciones. Por ejemplo, pegue los paneles de estado de \u00e1nimo que ha creado en la pantalla de inicio de un ordenador, tel\u00e9fono, as\u00ed como recordatorios de por qu\u00e9 uno realmente desea cambiar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ayude a las personas a incorporar su nuevo comportamiento dentro del contexto social que valoran, por ejemplo, practicando formas aceptables de desviarse de la norma del grupo. Por ejemplo, cuando se le ofrece alcohol, esto podr\u00eda involucrar un educado &#8220;Te lo agradezco, pero no, gracias (ya he tenido bastante por hoy)&#8221;, o incluir el v\u00ednculo compartido: &#8220;Vaya, muchas gracias, siempre me tienes en cuenta!. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tal te va \u00faltimamente?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traducido por Luis Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez y Alberto Aibar.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Winifred Gebhardt, Leiden University, The Netherlands About nine years ago, I became a vegetarian overnight. In a novel I was reading, the main character explained how he could not eat anything \u201cin which at some time a heart had [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mental-imagery","category-motivation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}By Winifred Gebhardt, Leiden University, The Netherlands About nine years ago, I became a vegetarian overnight. 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