{"id":652,"date":"2017-05-01T02:26:13","date_gmt":"2017-05-01T02:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=652"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:46:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:46:13","slug":"harnessing-your-imagination-using-the-power-of-mental-imagery-to-change-health-behaviour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/da\/2017\/05\/harnessing-your-imagination-using-the-power-of-mental-imagery-to-change-health-behaviour\/","title":{"rendered":"Udnyt din fantasi: Brug visualisering til \u00e6ndring af sundhedsadf\u00e6rd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Martin S. Hagger, Curtin University, Australia og University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland and Dominic Conroy, Birkbeck University of London, UK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hvad er visualisering?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Folk er som regel ret gode til at forestille sig ting. For eksempel udf\u00f8rer folk ofte fremtidige handlinger eller scenarier i deres sind, eller dagdr\u00f8mmer om fantasifulde muligheder. Disse forestillede situationer er ofte ustrukturerede og p\u00e5 eget initiativ. Psykologer har unders\u00f8gt om det er muligt at udnytte denne <a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/?&amp;fa=main.doiLanding&amp;doi=10.1037\/0003-066X.53.4.429\">kapacitet for fantasi, som en m\u00e5de at forbedre folks evne til at opn\u00e5 \u00f8nskede udfald eller m\u00e5l.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Visualisering (p\u00e5 engelsk mental imagery) er den generelle term, som bruges af psykologer til at beskrive strategier, der tr\u00e6kker p\u00e5 folks fantasi til at \u00f8ge deres motivation i m\u00e5lorienterede handlinger. Der er en r\u00e6kke forskellige visualiseringsmetoder. De involverer ofte selvinitierede eller ud\u00f8verstyrede \u00f8velser, hvori folk forestiller sig, eller visualiserer, at de udf\u00f8rer en handling succesfuldt. Man kan ogs\u00e5 visualisere sine f\u00f8lelser forbundet med udf\u00f8relsen af handlingen og dets konsekvenser. En ryger, der \u00f8nsker at stoppe, kan for eksempel visualisere de skridt, som han\/hun kan tage for at h\u00e5ndtere situationer hvori, vedkommende h\u00f8jest sandsynligt har lyst til en cigaret. Visualiseringsinterventioner virker ved at \u00f8ge motivation til at udf\u00f8re handlingen i fremtiden. Det er en m\u00e5de at h\u00f8jne paratheden til at udf\u00f8re en adf\u00e6rd og opn\u00e5 et m\u00e5l succesfuldt.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08870446.2013.843685\">Visualisering kan \u00f8ge individers situationsspecifikke selvtillid<\/a>, ogs\u00e5 kendt som self-efficacy, til at udf\u00f8re en handling. H\u00f8jere niveauer af self-efficacy vil \u00f8ge individets motivation til, eller intention om, at tage del i adf\u00e6rden i fremtiden, samt hj\u00e6lpe individet til at overkomme enhver associeret barriere eller forhindring. Hvis man for eksempel visualiserer, at man med succes undg\u00e5r l\u00e6skedrikke med h\u00f8jt sukkerindhold, samt at man overkommer potentielle udfordringer, som at finde et alternativ med lavt sukkerindhold til at slukke t\u00f8rsten med, vil man f\u00e5 st\u00f8rre tiltro til sin evne til at g\u00f8re det. Hvis man visualiserer sig selv udf\u00f8re en handling succesfuldt, skaber man hermed den ultimative rollemodel \u2013 sig selv!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hvordan bruges visualisering?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Selvom der er mange typer visualisering (f.eks. guidet visualisering, mental stimulering), s\u00e5 har de nogle n\u00f8gleelementer tilf\u00e6lles. Visualisering udf\u00f8res ofte som en \u201d\u00f8velse\u201d, hvori personen skaber et dynamisk mentalt billede af sig selv v\u00e6rende i gang med den \u00f8nskede handling. I \u00f8velsen visualiserer man sine handlinger i \u201dreel tid\u201d, s\u00e5 pr\u00e6cist som muligt og med opm\u00e6rksomhed p\u00e5 vigtige detaljer, samt visualiserer hvilke f\u00f8lelser man ville opleve under handlingen. Personen kan for eksempel blive bedt om at visualisere at opn\u00e5 sit m\u00e5l og de associerede positive emotioner, som han\/hun formentlig ville opleve. Visualiseringen kan v\u00e6re selvinitieret eller styret af en facilitator, som guider og dirigerer visualiserings\u00f8velsen. Det er ikke n\u00f8dvendigt at v\u00e6re specialist p\u00e5 omr\u00e5det for at v\u00e6re facilitator, men erfaring med at assistere og guide visualisering er vigtig. Det kan ogs\u00e5 g\u00f8res i grupper styret af en facilitator, hvor gruppemedlemmer hver i s\u00e6r visualiserer sit eget scenarie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Virker det?<br \/>\n<\/strong>Visualisering er blevet brugt til at fremme motivation og selvtillid til at tage del i sundhedsadf\u00e6rd. Studier har vist, at det at tilskynde folk til at visualisere de trin, som de mangler at tage for at udf\u00f8re den \u00f8nskede sundhedsadf\u00e6rd, resulterer i st\u00f8rre motivation og self-efficacy i forhold til adf\u00e6rden og faktisk adf\u00e6rdsm\u00e6ssig deltagelse. Visualisering har vist sig at v\u00e6re effektiv til at <a href=\"reducing%2520alcohol%2520consumption,%2520increasing%2520physical%2520activity,%2520promoting%2520healthy%2520eating\">reducere alkoholindtag, \u00f8ge fysisk aktivitet, fremme sunde spisevaner<\/a> og fremme <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2005.00042.x\/abstract\">rygeoph\u00f8r<\/a> med. Visualisering har ogs\u00e5 vist sig effektiv i <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.2044-8287.2010.02011.x\/abstract\">kombination med andre metoder til adf\u00e6rds\u00e6ndring, s\u00e5som handlingsplanl\u00e6gning eller \u201dhvis-s\u00e5\u201d-planer<\/a> (f.eks. planl\u00e6gning af hvorn\u00e5r, hvor og hvordan man skal handle), se Gollwitzers blogindl\u00e6g. Vi foretog fornyligt en <a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/preprints\/psyarxiv\/d4fjv\">gennemgang af studier, som anvendte visualisering til \u00e6ndring af sundhedsadf\u00e6rd<\/a>, hvor vi fandt, at visualiseringsstrategier var effektive, is\u00e6r hvis anvendt gentagne gange og n\u00e5r folk fik eksplicitte instruktioner i, hvordan de skulle udf\u00f8re visualiserings\u00f8velserne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praksisanbefalinger<br \/>\n<\/strong>Visualisering er en relativt simpel, lavt bebyrdende og billig metode til at fremme motivation og self-efficacy i forhold til \u00e6ndring i sundhedsadf\u00e6rd. Vi giver her nogle forslag til essentielle elementer og overvejelser ved visualisering til sundhedspraktiserende:<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00e5lgruppe.<\/strong> Visualiseringsinterventioner er mest passende for folk der, som minimum, er interesserede i at \u00e6ndre deres adf\u00e6rd, frem for dem, som kun har lille eller ingen interesse, eller slet ikke har t\u00e6nkt p\u00e5 at \u00e6ndre adf\u00e6rd. Det er ofte vigtigt, at de har et sundhedsm\u00e5l (f.eks. at jogge i 20 minutter uden stop).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Visualiserings-\u201d\u00f8velser\u201d.<\/strong> Visualisering b\u00f8r udf\u00f8res som en \u201d\u00f8velse\u201d, der involverer en person, som tilbringer noget tid p\u00e5 at visualisere. \u00d8velserne b\u00f8r udf\u00f8res et stille og komfortabelt sted, fri for enhver distraktion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guidning i visualiseringen.<\/strong> For personer som er novicer i visualisering, anbefales en facilitator, eller som minimum, klare instruktioner i hvordan man skal udf\u00f8re visualiserings\u00f8velser. Mere erfarne personer kan udf\u00f8re visualisering p\u00e5 egen h\u00e5nd (selvinitieret). Det kan v\u00e6re en hj\u00e6lp for folk at skrive visualiseringen ned eller f\u00e5 p\u00e5mindelser (f.eks. via tekstbeskeder p\u00e5 mobiltelefonen), for at huske deres visualisering.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Timing.<\/strong> Visualiserings\u00f8velser kan udf\u00f8res p\u00e5 meget kort tid, m\u00e5ske p\u00e5 mindre end 5 minutter, men l\u00e6ngere visualiserings\u00f8velser kan v\u00e6re mere effektive og kan f\u00f8re til, at visualiseringen er mere livagtig og nemmere at huske.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Indhold.<\/strong> I en visualiserings\u00f8velse forestiller personen, som \u00f8nsker at \u00e6ndre adf\u00e6rd, sig de skridt, som han\/hun skal tage for at udf\u00f8re en bestemt adf\u00e6rd p\u00e5 det tidspunkt og sted, hvor vedkommende forventer at udf\u00f8re adf\u00e6rden. Man kan opfordre personen til at visualisere sig selv overkomme forhindringer, samt hvordan han\/hun overkommer dem. En person som \u00f8nsker at \u00f8ge sin fysiske aktivitet(f.eks. med g\u00e5ture) kan eksempelvis bruge fem minutter, i siddende eller liggende position, p\u00e5 at visualisere, hvordan vedkommende kan integrere yderligere g\u00e5ture i de daglige rutiner og visualisere sig selv g\u00f8re det.<\/p>\n<p>Praktiserende som er interesserede i at l\u00e6re mere, b\u00f8r l\u00e6se en <a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/preprints\/psyarxiv\/7q65p\">nyligt publiceret r\u00e6kke retningslinjer for visualisering til adf\u00e6rds\u00e6ndring.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Overs\u00e6ttelse af: Ellen-Marie R\u00f8rb\u00e6k Kruse, Nina Rottmann.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Martin S. Hagger, Curtin University, Australia and University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland and Dominic Conroy, Birkbeck University of London, UK What is mental imagery? People are usually quite good at imagining things. For example, people often act out future actions or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,18,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interventions","category-mental-imagery","category-planning"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"da","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","et","sv","tr","uk","hi","sw","ta"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"et":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sw":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ta":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}Martin S. 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