{"id":908,"date":"2018-04-06T16:26:47","date_gmt":"2018-04-06T16:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=908"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:39:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:39:29","slug":"willpower-versus-unhealthy-temptations-spoiler-alert-willpower-usually-loses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2018\/04\/willpower-versus-unhealthy-temptations-spoiler-alert-willpower-usually-loses\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00edla v\u016fle vs. nezdrav\u00e1 poku\u0161en\u00ed \u2013 pozor, spoiler \u2013 s\u00edla v\u016fle v\u011bt\u0161inou prohraje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Amanda Rebar, <\/strong><strong>Central Queensland University, Australia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdeck\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 \u010dasto nechovaj\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd by byl z\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska nejlep\u0161\u00ed pro jejich zdrav\u00ed, n\u00e1s u\u017e nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v\u00ed, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad cvi\u010den\u00ed je dobr\u00e9 pro <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs385\/en\/\">fyzick\u00e9 i du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed<\/a>, p\u0159esto jich o pozn\u00e1n\u00ed <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/ncd\/risk_factors\/physical_activity\/en\/\">m\u00e9n\u011b<\/a> cvi\u010d\u00ed pravideln\u011b. Pokud m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk v\u00a0\u00famyslu za\u010d\u00edt cvi\u010dit, je pouze <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bjhp.12032\/full\">50% pravd\u011bpodobnost<\/a>, \u017ee tento z\u00e1m\u011br dot\u00e1hne do konce, co\u017e je stejn\u00e1 \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011bch jako p\u0159i hodu korunou.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy, \u010d\u00edm to je, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 odd\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezdrav\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, a to i navzdory nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u00famysl\u016fm? V\u00a0oblasti psychologie zdrav\u00ed nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na v\u011brohodnosti a popularit\u011b takov\u00fd pohled, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed je ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1no dv\u011bma syst\u00e9my. Tyto <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.ualberta.ca\/~francisp\/Phil488\/EvansDualProcessing2008.pdf\">modely, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed dvoj\u00ed proces<\/a> p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed osv\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, jak lidem pom\u00e1hat \u017e\u00edt zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl, ani\u017e by museli sv\u00e1d\u011bt neust\u00e1lou bitvu s nezdrav\u00fdm poku\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje <a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2009-05881-002\">mnoho variant<\/a> model\u016f dvoj\u00edho procesu, ale v\u0161echny sd\u00edl\u00ed spole\u010dnou my\u0161lenku, \u017ee je chov\u00e1n\u00ed ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1no dv\u011bma syst\u00e9my \u2013 jeden se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0v\u011bdom\u00fdch proces\u016f a druh\u00fd z\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/psychology.oxfordre.com\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190236557.001.0001\/acrefore-9780190236557-e-231\">proces\u016f automatick\u00fdch<\/a>. Syst\u00e9m v\u011bdom\u00fdch proces\u016f ovliv\u0148uje chov\u00e1n\u00ed skrze voln\u00ed, pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 procesy, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle docela pomal\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m automatick\u00fdch proces\u016f ovliv\u0148uje chov\u00e1n\u00ed skrze bezd\u011b\u010dn\u00e9, spont\u00e1nn\u00ed impulsy.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e jsou tyto procesy odli\u0161n\u00e9, mohou v\u00e9st ke stejn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. P\u0159edstavte si nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00e1 \u017eena zm\u011bnila sv\u016fj j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek. Mohlo se to st\u00e1t tak, \u017ee dostala informaci, \u017ee m\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko srde\u010dn\u00edch chorob, a tak se rozhodla, \u017ee je v\u00a0jej\u00edm nejlep\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1jmu ud\u011blat zm\u011bnu \u2013 to by byl v\u011bdom\u00fd proces. Tak\u00e9 ale mohla zm\u011bnit to, co j\u00ed jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee nem\u011bla chu\u0165 nebo nijak netou\u017eila j\u00edst stejn\u00e1 j\u00eddla jako obvykle \u2013 to by byly procesy automatick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m automatick\u00fdch proces\u016f m\u00e1 dost \u0161patnou pov\u011bst. Typicky b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za zdroj nezdrav\u00fdch poku\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekon\u00e1na <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x\">silou v\u016fle<\/a>. Obvykle lidi informujeme, pro\u010d by m\u011bli zm\u011bnit chov\u00e1n\u00ed a spol\u00e9h\u00e1me, \u017ee je dan\u00e9 informace dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, aby si nastavili c\u00edle a pl\u00e1ny na zm\u011bnu a ujasnili si zp\u016fsob, jak podle pl\u00e1nu efektivn\u011b postupovat ka\u017ed\u00fd den. <a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/337\/6101\/1492\">Probl\u00e9mem<\/a> je, \u017ee tyto typy strategi\u00ed zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed ne v\u017edy funguj\u00ed, a kdy\u017e ano, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt jen na kr\u00e1tkou dobu.<\/p>\n<p>Udr\u017eovat si zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl bude v\u017edy nepochybn\u011b obn\u00e1\u0161et odol\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00fdm poku\u0161en\u00edm, ale existuj\u00ed i zp\u016fsoby, jak lidem pomoci s jejich automatick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17437199.2015.1138093\">spolupracovat a ne s\u00a0n\u00edm bojovat<\/a>. V\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee existuj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed odol\u00e1vat nezdrav\u00fdm automatick\u00fdm vliv\u016fm. Dokonce jsou i zp\u016fsoby, jak tyto automatick\u00e9 vlivy sladit s\u00a0vlastn\u00edmi dlouhodob\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi c\u00edli. Jednoduch\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami ve zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm lidem poskytujeme poradenstv\u00ed o \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu, m\u016f\u017eeme uplatnit v\u00fdhodu s\u00edly v\u016fle v\u00a0bitv\u011b proti nezdrav\u00fdm poku\u0161en\u00edm, nebo dokonce p\u0159estat bojovat a za\u0159\u00eddit, aby \u201epoku\u0161en\u00ed\u201c bojovala po boku vedle zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Navrhujme lidem jednoduch\u00e9 zm\u011bny v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jim mohou pomoci vyhnout se nezdrav\u00fdm poku\u0161en\u00edm. Lid\u00e9 obvykle maj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 m\u00edsta, n\u00e1lady, z\u00e1\u017eitky nebo denn\u00ed dobu, kdy jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u00a0nezdrav\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bdom\u00ed toho, co vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nezdrav\u00e1 poku\u0161en\u00ed, t\u011bmto poku\u0161en\u00edm bere s\u00edlu a umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m \u0161et\u0159it v\u016fli na rizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chv\u00edle.\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklad: pr\u00e1v\u011b jste p\u0159estali kou\u0159it &#8211; pokud si po cest\u011b dom\u016f pravideln\u011b kupujete u benz\u00ednov\u00e9 stanice krabi\u010dku cigaret, mo\u017en\u00e1 bude lep\u0161\u00ed jet dom\u016f z\u00a0pr\u00e1ce jinudy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Vym\u00fd\u0161lejme zp\u016fsoby, jak zjednodu\u0161it volbu chovat se zdrav\u011b oproti nezdrav\u00fdm variant\u00e1m chov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklad: neskladujte doma nezdrav\u00e9 j\u00eddlo. Je men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee si d\u00e1te n\u011bco nezdrav\u00e9ho, pokud to bude vy\u017eadovat proch\u00e1zku do obchodu; t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, kdy\u017e doma naleznete zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>U\u010di\u0148me dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantu chovat se zdrav\u011b ne\u017e chovat se nezdrav\u011b. Reklama funguje na z\u00e1klad\u011b opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 zna\u010dky. Podobn\u00e9 techniky lze aplikovat na chov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklad: pokud m\u00e1te probl\u00e9m br\u00e1t pravideln\u011b l\u00e9ky, za\u010dn\u011bte je skladovat na viditeln\u00e9m a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b (m\u00edsto sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b nap\u0159. okenn\u00ed parapet v kuchyni) tak, abyste je m\u011bli b\u011bhem ka\u017edodenn\u00edho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed pravideln\u011b na o\u010d\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chovejte se zdrav\u011b tak, aby to p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo uspokojen\u00ed. Pokud si zdrav\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, stoj\u00ed to m\u00e9n\u011b sil a je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee si je udr\u017e\u00edte dlouhodob\u011b. Pokud zdravou variantu pova\u017eujete za n\u011bco nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho, co se mus\u00ed strp\u011bt, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00e1m to dlouho nevydr\u017e\u00ed.\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklad: Pokud va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed du\u0161enou zeleninu, nenu\u0165te ho ji sn\u00edst a neupl\u00e1cejte ho sladk\u00fdm, pokud to zvl\u00e1dne. M\u00edsto toho zkuste objevovat jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby \u00fapravy zeleniny, kter\u00e9 mu budou vyhovovat. Nau\u010d\u00ed se tak zeleninu vychutn\u00e1vat sp\u00ed\u0161e, ne\u017e se j\u00ed vyh\u00fdbat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>P\u0159eklad: Ren\u00e1ta \u010cerm\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Amanda Rebar, Central Queensland University, Australia It will come as no surprise that evidence shows people do not always behave in ways that are best for their long-term health. For example, most people are aware that exercise is good [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":913,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-habit"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=908"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4631,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/908\/revisions\/4631"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}