{"id":709,"date":"2017-08-30T07:14:54","date_gmt":"2017-08-30T07:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=709"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:44:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:44:47","slug":"using-health-psychology-in-your-everyday-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2017\/08\/using-health-psychology-in-your-everyday-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychologie zdrav\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praxi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Co je na psychologii zdrav\u00ed praktick\u00e9ho?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Psychologie zdrav\u00ed je mlad\u00fd, dynamick\u00fd a rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed psychologick\u00fd obor. Psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na aplikaci psychologick\u00fdch teori\u00ed a poznatk\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v podpo\u0159e a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a v\u00a0prevenci onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, jak lid\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na nemoc, vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed se s\u00a0n\u00ed, a jak se zotavuj\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i personalizaci l\u00e9\u010dby a intervenc\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a zdravotn\u00ed politiky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Psychologie zdrav\u00ed si klade ot\u00e1zku, co stoj\u00ed za chov\u00e1n\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm se zdrav\u00edm a jak lze takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bnit. Tak\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1, jak s\u00a0t\u00edmto chov\u00e1n\u00edm souvisej\u00ed emoce a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a s\u00a0nimi spojen\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed proto pracuj\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch a s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi skupinami lid\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed pacienty, pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed osoby a rodiny, jednotlivce v\u00a0r\u00e1mci komunity, zdravotn\u00edky i syst\u00e9my zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a zdravotnick\u00e9 instituce. Ve v\u00fdsledku jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenky\u00a0oboru psychologie zdrav\u00ed relevantn\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo pracuje s\u00a0pacienty nebo se v\u00a0praxi zab\u00fdv\u00e1 zm\u011bnou chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Podpora zdrav\u00ed, udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a prevence onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u011b nar\u016fst\u00e1, ale z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010dasti mu lze p\u0159edch\u00e1zet. Epidemiologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prevence (nap\u0159. sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f vzniku kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed) je efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed prevence sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010dtu \u00famrt\u00ed z d\u016fvodu kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Psychologie zdrav\u00ed mus\u00ed odv\u00e9st je\u0161t\u011b hodn\u011b pr\u00e1ce v oblasti sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch populac\u00edch t\u00edm, \u017ee identifikuje specifick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. kou\u0159en\u00ed, nezdrav\u00e9 stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, nedostatek fyzick\u00e9 aktivity, doch\u00e1zen\u00ed na pravideln\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky) a vytipuje oblasti, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba m\u011bnit.<\/p>\n<p>Psychologie zdrav\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159uje na mechanismy (nap\u0159. v\u011bdomosti, postoje, pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed) a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vlivy, kter\u00e9 mohou br\u00e1nit zm\u011bn\u011b a vedou k udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nezdrav\u00fdch vzorc\u016f chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto proces\u016f pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rozli\u0161it optim\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak lidem pomoci oprostit se od nezdrav\u00fdch n\u00e1vyk\u016f a nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159estat kou\u0159it nebo za\u010d\u00edt j\u00edst v\u00edce ovoce. V\u00a0tomto ohledu pokra\u010duje v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed eHealth (eZdrav\u00ed) a roz\u0161i\u0159uje se i jejich u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna. Zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed technik zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed aplikac\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je pro psychologii zdrav\u00ed velkou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak lid\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na nemoc, vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed se s\u00a0n\u00ed a zotavuj\u00ed se<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nemoc m\u00e1 vliv na psychiku, a to m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit i uzdravov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pacienti mohou za\u017e\u00edvat stres, \u00fazkost nebo depresi, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bojovat s\u00a0t\u00edm, co m\u016f\u017ee nemoc znamenat pro jejich identitu. Psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed zjistit, jak co nejl\u00e9pe podpo\u0159it jedince, kte\u0159\u00ed se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s nemoci, a tak\u00e9 zkoumat komplexn\u00ed vztahy mezi kognic\u00ed, zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, n\u00e1sledky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm se zdrav\u00edm (nap\u0159. adherence k\u00a0medikaci v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch populac\u00edch). Psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed kriticky uva\u017euj\u00ed nad definicemi a zp\u016fsoby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch faktor\u016f chov\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s\u00a0nemoc\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad: Jak lze m\u011b\u0159it adherenci (oddanost, v\u00edra v \u00fa\u010dinek) k\u00a0medikaci? Jak\u00e1 m\u00edra adherence je \u201ep\u0159ijateln\u00e1\u201c? Pro vysv\u011btlen\u00ed a predikci chov\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s nemoc\u00ed a n\u00e1sledk\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed teorie a modely, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00fdch lze navrhovat intervence s c\u00edlem navodit pozitivn\u00ed zm\u011bny v chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed se tak\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak a pro koho jsou tyto intervence nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Personalizace l\u00e9\u010dby a intervenc\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chceme zjistit, jak nap\u0159\u00edklad zm\u011bna v\u00a0kladen\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f nebo v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch dovednostech m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm, nap\u0159. lep\u0161\u00edmu sebe\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed opory; takov\u00fd poznatek nazna\u010duje media\u010dn\u00ed efekt. Tyto poznatky jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zlep\u0161it intervence \u2013 otev\u00edraj\u00ed \u201e\u010dernou sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku\u201c a ukazuj\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ingredience funguj\u00ed efektivn\u011b a maj\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdsledky, pokud jsme schopni je zm\u011bnit. Je tak\u00e9 velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznat, co na koho funguje nejl\u00e9pe. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee kognitivn\u011b-behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed intervence nebo intervence v\u00a0duchu mindfulness (v\u0161\u00edmavost) pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pacient\u016fm s\u00a0rakovinou zvl\u00e1dat dopady onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Z\u00e1hy zjist\u00edme, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci nebudou na danou l\u00e9\u010dbu reagovat. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 metody n\u00e1m pomohou zjistit, zda pacienti s\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdmi charakteristikami (jako nap\u0159. pohlav\u00ed, v\u011bk nebo n\u011bjak\u00fd osobnostn\u00ed rys) reaguj\u00ed l\u00e9pe \u010di h\u016f\u0159e na jeden ze zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch typ\u016f l\u00e9\u010dby. To je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho pacienta \u2013 pro personalizovanou l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a zdravotn\u00ed politiky<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159i, sestry a dal\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00edci interaguj\u00ed s\u00a0pacientem, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na pacientovu odezvu na nemoc i l\u00e9\u010dbu. Krom\u011b\u00a0pacient\u016f, pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch osob a rodiny mohou psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed pracovat i se zdravotn\u00edky. Psychologie zdrav\u00ed m\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00edk\u016f a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na pacienta, kter\u00e1 facilituje lep\u0161\u00ed sebe\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje jedinc\u016fm p\u0159evz\u00edt kontrolu nad sv\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm a d\u011blat lep\u0161\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. To zahrnuje zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch styl\u016f zdravotn\u00edk\u016f a hled\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak je sladit s\u00a0pot\u0159ebami pacienta a zlep\u0161it tak v\u00fdsledky l\u00e9\u010dby. V\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch proto \u00fastavy psychologie zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i fakultn\u00edch nemocnic\u00edch cvi\u010d\u00ed studenty medic\u00edny ve v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch dovednostech.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdzva psycholog\u016fm zdrav\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pokud se ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci pot\u00fdk\u00e1te s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e popsanou problematikou a p\u0159ejete si b\u00fdt informov\u00e1ni o nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch poznatc\u00edch v\u00a0tomto oboru, doporu\u010dujeme sledovat n\u00e1\u0161 blog Psychologie zdrav\u00ed pro praxi. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete praktickou radu, nev\u00e1hejte a zkontaktujte ve va\u0161\u00ed zemi jak\u00fdkoli \u00dastav p\u00e9\u010de o du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed (v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e m\u00e1 platformu i psychologie zdrav\u00ed), a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o kr\u00e1tk\u00fd dotaz nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad prosbu o spolupr\u00e1ci na\u00a0projektu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159eklad: Ren\u00e1ta \u010cerm\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karen Morgan, Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Robbert Sanderman, University of Groningen and Health and Technology University of Twente, The Netherlands. What is practical about health psychology? Health psychology is a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interventions"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4641,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions\/4641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}